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Session :
INDEX
OBJECTIVE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
INTRODUCTION
LIQUID SOLUTION
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
VANT HOFF FACTOR
THEORY
GRAPH
PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
VANT HOFF FACTOR
APPARATUS REQUIRED
CHEMICAL REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION TABLE
CALCULATIONS
RESULT
USE OF THIS PROJECT
REFERENCES
OBJECTIVE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE AND SINCERE
THANKS TO MRS __________________________________ FOR HER
ENCOURAGEMENT AND FOR ALL THE FACILITIES THAT SHE
PROVIDED FOR THIS PROJECT. I ALSO EXTEND MY THANKS
TO MS ____________, MY CHEMISTRY TEACHER, WHO HAS
GUIDED AND MOTIVATED ME AT EVERY STAGE OF THIS
PROJECT FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THIS
PROJECT. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MR _______, WHO
HAS HELPED ME WITH THE EASY ACCESSIBILITY OF
APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS IN THE LAB.
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS BONAFIDE PROJECT WORK
ENTITLED AS COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES IN THE SUBJECT
OF CHEMISTRY HAS BEEN DONE BY SUBRAT SARANGI OF
CLASS XII IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 UNDER MY
SUPERVISION AND SUBMITTED THE REPORT OF THE SAME
FOR AISSCE PRACTICAL EXAMINATION BY CBSE AT
________________________.
INTRODUCTION
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ARE THOSE PROPERTIES OF
DILUTE SOLUTIONS WHICH DEPEND ENTIRELY ON THE
NUMBER OF MOLES OF SOLUTE CONTAINED IN THE
SOLUTION AND NOT ON THE NATURE OF THE SOLUTE.
LIQUID SOLUTIONS
GAS IN LIQUID
LIQUID IN LIQUID
Cola is a sweetened,
An alcoholic beverage is a
substantial amount of
as alcohol. It essential is
ethanol dissolved in
water.
deposit crystals.
SOLID IN LIQUID
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
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IF
)
THE RELATIVE LOWERING OF VAPOUR PRESSURE IS
DEFINED AS THE RATIO BETWEEN LOWERING OF VAPOUR
PRESUURE AND THE VAPOUR PRESSURE OF PURE
SOLVENT.
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HERE,
AS
HERE,
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HENCE
HERE,
= WEIGHT OF SOLUTE
= WEIGHT OF SOLVENT
= MOLAL ELEVATION CONSTANT
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IT IS DENOTED BY
NOW
HENCE
HERE,
= WEIGHT OF SOLUTE
= WEIGHT OF SOLVENT
= MOLAL DEPRESSION CONSTANT
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4. OSMOTIC PRESSURE
OSMOTIC PRESSURE IS THE EQUILIBRIUM
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF THE COLUMN SET UP AS
A RESULT OF OSMOSIS.
IT IS DENOTE BY
VANT HOFF EQUATION OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE
HERE ,
= OSMOTIC PRESSURE
= CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION IN MOL/L
= SOLUTION CONSTANT
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DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION
DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION
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THEORY
THE BOILING POINT ELEVATION IS A COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTY, WHICH MEANS THAT IT IS DEPENDENT ON THE
PRESENCE OF DISSOLVED PARTICLES AND THEIR NUMBER,
BUT NOT THEIR IDENTITY.
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GRAPH
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PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
VANT HOFF FACTOR
WHEN SOLUTE PARTICLES ASSOCIATE IN
SOLUTION, VANT HOFF FACTOR IS LESS THAN 1.
FOR EXAMPLE, BENZOIC ACID FORMS DIMERS IN
BENZENE, SO THAT THE NUMBER OF SOLUTE
PARTICLES IS HALF THE NUMBER OF ACID
MOLECULES.
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CHEMICALS REQUIRED
SODIUM CHLORIDE
SUCROSE
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PROCEDURE
1. THE APPARTUS WAS SET UP USING A 250 ML BEAKER
CONTAING 200 ML OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SOLUTION.
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OBSERVATION TABLE
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CALCULATIONS
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RESULT
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REFERNCES
NCERT CLASS 12
WIKIPEDIA.COM
PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY BY N.K. VERMA
GOOGLE.COM
AGLASEM.COM
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