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Section

Show

Section

Entersectionpropertiesforlineelements(Truss,Tensiononly,Compressiononly,Cable,Gap,Hook,BeamElement).

FromtheMainMenuselectModel>Properties>Section.

SelectGeometry>Properties>SectionintheMenutaboftheTreeMenu.

Click

SectioninthePropertyToolBar.

Properties(Section)dialogbox

Toenterneworadditionalsectionproperties

Click

inthePropertiesdialogboxandenterthefollowing:Enterthesectionpropertiesbyentrytypes.

Modificationofpreviouslyenteredsectiondata

SelectthesectiontobemodifiedfromthelistintheSectiondialogboxandclick

tomodifytherelateddata.

Removalofpreviouslyenteredsectiondata

SelectthesectiontobedeletedfromthelistintheSectiondialogboxandclick

Tocopypreviouslyenteredsectiondata

SelectthesectiontobecopiedfromthelistintheSectiondialogboxandclick

Tomodifysectiondatafromanexistingfn.MCBfile

Click
andselecttheMCBfilecontainingthesectiondataorspecifyafilenamethenclick
SectionList
Displaysectiondatacontainedintheexistingfn.MCBfile.
SelectedList
SelectsectiondatatobeimportedandregisterthemintheSelectedList.
Note

.[Details]

Ifafn.MCBisselected,allthesectiondatacontainedintheexistingfn.MCBfileareregisteredintheSelectedList.

NumberingType
SpecifytheImportmodeforsectionnumbers.
KeepID

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Importthedatakeepingthesamesectionnumbers.
NewID
Assignnewnumberstotheimportedsectiondata.

Tomodifypreviouslyenteredsectionpropertynumbers

SelectthesectionpropertynumberstoberenumberedfromthelistinthePropertiesdialogboxandmodifytherelateddatafollowedbyclicking

.[Details]

RenumberingSectionNumberdialogbox

Startnumber
Assignanewstartingnumberforthematerialtobemodified.
Increment
Entertheincrementfornumberingmaterialpropertynumbers.
Changeelement'smaterialnumber
Modifyamaterialpropertynumber.Usingthisoptionwillmodifythepreviouslydefinedmaterialpropertynumber.Ifthisoptionisnotchecked,theselectedmaterialhaving
previouslydefinednumberwillbecomeundefinedandtheadditionaluserdefinedmaterialnumberwillbecreatedwithoutanyassignedelements.

SectionDataDialog

SectionID

Sectionnumber(Autosettothelastsectionnumber+1)

Note
Upto999999SectionID'scanbeassigned.

Name

Sectionname(Sect.Namebydefaultifnotspecified)

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Offset
DisplaythesectionOffsetcurrentlyset.LocationoftheCentroidofasectionissetasdefault.Click

tospecifyasectionOffsetawayfromtheCentroid.

Use
Hiddentoverifytheinput.
[Details]

ChangeOffsetdialogbox

Offset:SpecifythesectionOffsetfromthelocationoptionsshowninthefigurebelow.

HorizontalOffset:SpecifytheOffsetinthetransversedirection."toExtremeFiber"assignstheoffsettotheoutermostpoint.ForaspecificlocationofOffset,
select'User"andenterthedistancefromthe"Centroid"tothedesiredOffsetlocation.UnlesstheOffsetis"CenterCenter"theHorizontalOffsetcanbeentered
the"User"type.Foratapered(nonprismatic)section,datainputfortheJendalsobecomesactivated.

VerticalOffset:SpecifytheOffsetintheverticaldirection."toExtremeFiber"assignstheoffsettotheoutermostpoint.ForaspecificlocationofOffset,select
"User"andenterthedistancefrom"Centroid"tothedesiredOffsetlocation.UnlesstheOffsetis"CenterCenter"theVerticalOffsetcanbeenteredasthe
type.Foratapered(nonprismatic)section,datainputfortheJendalsobecomesactivated.

Note1
WhenOffsetdistanceisspecified,apositive(+)signappliestoCentertooutwardforCentroidreferenceandExtremetoinwardforExtremeFiberreference.

UserOffsetReference:Whensectionoffsetdistanceisspecifiedasthe"User"type,definethereferencelocation.

Centroid:Specifytheoffsetdistancerelativetothecentroidofthesection.

ExtremeFiber(s):SpecifytheoffsetdistancerelativetoLeft/Right&Top/Bottom.

Note2
WhenUsertypeisspecified,theOffsetdistanceanddirectionareenteredrelativetoCentroidirrespectiveoftheCenteroption(CentroidorCenterofSection).For
example,specifying"Offset:LeftCenter","CenterLoc.:CenterofSection"and"Horizontaloffset:0.5"Usertype"willresultinanOffset0.5"totheleftoftheCentroid.And
iftheOffsetoptionis"LeftCenter"andtheCenteroptionisCenterofSectiontheUsertypeforHorizontaloffsetbecomesactivatedandtheUsertypeforVerticaloffset
becomesinactivated.TheHorizontaloffsetdefinedasUsertypeherebecomestheCentroid,andtheVerticaloffsetfixedtoCenterbecomesthe"CenterofSection"

Note3
WhenFCMWizardisused,and"ApplytheCentroidofPierTableSectionOption"isselected,thenodelocationsofthegirderwillbechangedasfollows:
Offset:CenterTop
UserOffsetReference:ExtremeFiber(s)
VerticalOffset:User,OffsetDistance(i&j)=PierTablesectionheightCentroidofPierTablesection

Note4UsagetipofSectionOffset
Internalprocessofsectionoffset

Abeamelementisdefinedbytwonodesandalineconnectingthetwonodes.Thislinebecomesareferencelinerepresentingthe
beamelement,whichusuallycoincideswiththeneutralaxisofthebeamelement.Ifasectionoffsetisassignedtoasection,
neutralaxisofthemembershiftsbythespecifiedoffsetdistance,andtheelementreferencelineisplacedattheoffsetlocation.The
referencelineisusedforselectingtheelement,assigningloads,displayingmemberforces,etc.Theoffsetoftheneutralaxisofthe
memberrelativetothereferencelineinturnisreflectedinanalysisasshowninthefigure(c)below.

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Loadedlocation

1.NodalLoad

Whenanoffsetisassignedtoasection,anodalloadremainsappliedtothecorrespondingnoderegardlessoftheoffset.This
resultsinmomentsduetotheoffsettotheneutralaxisasshowninthecaseoffigureb.

2.ElementBeamLoads

Elementbeamloadisappliedtotheneutralaxisoftheelementregardlessofthesectionoffsetposition.Inthediagrambelow,the
elementbeamloadisappliedtotheneutralaxiseventhoughthesectionisoffsetfromthereferenceline.Thereforetorsional
momentfromtheelementbeamloadisnotinducedbytheoffset.Notehoweverthattheelementbeamloadisdisplayedonthe
referencelineasifitisappliedtothereferenceline,butitisactuallyappliedtotheneutralaxis.

Calculationofmemberforcesoftheelementsforwhichsectionoffsetisapplied

Memberforces(axialforce,shearforce,moment&torsion)ofabeamelementarecalculatedrelativetotheneutralaxis.Thisistru
even when a section offset is applied. However, the member force diagrams are displayed on the reference line. This does
meanthememberforcesarecalculatedrelativetothereferenceline.

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Memberforcesdiagramwhensectionoffsetisapplied
Comparisonbetweensectionoffsetandbeamendoffset

AnoffsetofasectioncanbedefinedusingtheBeamEndOffsetfunction.Foraprismaticsection,aSectionoffsetisassignedtoboth
iendandjendidentically.However,BeamEndOffsetcanassigndifferentoffsetsatiendandjendindependently.Sectionoffsetis
moreusefulforataperedsectionasopposedtoBeamEndOffsetasshowninthefigurebelow.

Inaddition,SectionoffsetandBeamEndOffsetcannotbeassignedsimultaneously.Insuchacase,Sectionoffsetisignored,and
BeamEndOffsetonlybecomeseffective.

ModelingofataperedsectiongroupwhenaSectionoffset(CenterTop)isdefined

:DisplaytheOffsetspecifiedfromtheChangeOffsetdialogboxintheguidediagramofSectionDatawindow.

ConsiderShearDeformation

Selectwhethertoconsidersheardeformation.Thisoptionwillbeapplicableforstructuralanalysis,butwillnotaffecttheeffectiveshearareasthatappearbyclicking
.

SectionProperties

Click
todisplaythesectionpropertydata.ThesectionpropertydatatableiseithercalculatedfromthemaindimensionsorobtainedfromtheDB
dependingonthemethodofdataentry.[Details]
Area:Crosssectionalarea

Asy:EffectiveShearAreaforshearforceintheelement'slocalydirection
ItbecomesinactivewhenShearDeformationisnotconsidered.

Asz:EffectiveShearAreaforshearforceintheelement'slocalzdirection
ItbecomesinactivewhenShearDeformationisnotconsidered.

Ixx:TorsionalResistanceabouttheelement'slocalxaxis

Iyy:MomentofInertiaabouttheelement'slocalydirection

Izz:MomentofInertiaabouttheelement'slocalzdirection

Cyp:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal(+)ydirection

Cym:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal()ydirection

Czp:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal(+)zdirection

Czm:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal()zdirection

Qyb:ShearCoefficientfortheshearforceappliedintheelement'slocalzdirection

Qzb:ShearCoefficientfortheshearforceappliedintheelement'slocalydirection

Peri:O:Totalperimeterofthesection

Peri:I:Insideperimeterlengthofahollowsection

y1,z1:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation1(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)

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y2,z2:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation2(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)

y3,z3:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation3(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)

y4,z4:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation4(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)

Zyy:PlasticSectionModulusabouttheelementlocalydirection

Zzz:PlasticSectionModulusabouttheelementlocalzdirection

Note1
AlltheabovesectionpropertydataexceptforAreaandPeriarerequiredforbeamelements.

Note2
Thesheardeformationsareneglectediftheeffectiveshearareasarenotspecified.Cyp,Cym,CzpandCzmareusedtocalculatethebendingstresses.QybandQzbareused
tocalculatetheshearstresses.PeriisusedtocalculatethePaintingArea.

Note3
ZyyandZzzareusedtocalculatethestrengthforpushoveranalysiswhenValueTypeSteelSectionhasbeenassignedDesign>PushoverAnalysis>DefineHingeProperties.

Note4
ElementStiffnessdata

Sectionscanbedefinedbythestiffnessdataentriesevenifthesectiondimensions(H,B1,...,etc.)arenotentered.

Area(CrossSectionalArea)
Thecrosssectionalareaofamemberisusedtocomputeaxialstiffnessandstresswhenthememberissubjectedtoacompressionortensionforce.Figure1
illustratesthecalculationprocedure.

Crosssectionalareascouldbereducedduetomemberopeningsandboltorrivetholesforconnections.midasdoesnotconsidersuchreductions.Therefore,if
necessary,theuserisrequiredtomodifythevaluesusingtheoption2aboveandhis/herjudgment.

Area=+dA=A1+A2+A3
=(300x15)+(573x10)+(320x12)
=14070

<Figure1>Exampleofcrosssectionalareacalculation
EffectiveShearAreas(Asy,Asz)
Theeffectiveshearareasofamemberareusedtoformulatetheshearstiffnessintheyandzaxisdirectionsofthecrosssection.

Iftheeffectiveshearareasareomitted,thesheardeformationsinthecorrespondingdirectionsareneglected.

Whenmidascomputesthesectionpropertiesbytheoption1or3,thecorrespondingshearstiffnesscomponentsareautomaticallycalculated.Figure2outlines
thecalculationmethods.

Asy:EffectiveshearareaintheECSyaxisdirection

Asz:EffectiveshearareaintheECSzaxisdirection

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<Figure2>EffectiveShearAreacalculations

TorsionalResistance(Ixx)
Torsionalresistancereferstothestiffnessresistingtorsionalmoments.Itisexpressedas

<Eq.1>

where,
Ixx :TorsionalConstant

T:Torsionalmomentortorque

G:ShearModulusofElasticity

:Angleoftwist

ThetorsionalstiffnessexpressedinEq.1mustnotbeconfusedwiththepolarmomentofinertiathatdeterminesthetorsionalshearstresses.However,theyare
identicaltooneanotherinthecasesofcircularorthickcylindricalsections.

Nogeneralequationexiststosatisfactorilycalculatethetorsionalresistanceapplicableforallsectiontypes.Thecalculationmethodswidelyvaryforopenand
closedsectionsandthinandthickthicknesssections.

Forcalculatingthetorsionalresistanceofanopensection,anapproximatemethodisusedthesectionisdividedintoseveralrectangularsubsectionsandthen
theirresistancesaresummedintoatotalresistance,Ixx,calculatedbytheequationbelow.

<Eq.2>

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foraeb

where,
Ixx :Torsionalresistanceofa(rectangular)subsection

2a:Lengthofthelongersideofasubsection

2b:Lengthoftheshortersideofasubsection

Figure3illustratestheequationforcalculatingthetorsionalresistanceofathinwalled,tubeshaped,closedsection.

<Eq.3>

where,
A:Areaenclosedbythemidlineofthetube

ds :Infinitesimallengthofthicknesscenterlineatagivenpoint

t:Thicknessoftubeatagivenpoint

Forthosesectionssuchasbridgeboxgirders,whichretaintheformofthickwalledtubes,thetorsionalstiffnesscanbeobtainedbycombiningtheabovetwo
equations,Eq.1andEq.3.

Torsionalresistance:

Shearstressatagivenpoint:
Thicknessoftubeatagivenpoint:

<Figure3>Torsionalresistanceofathinwalled,tubeshaped,closedsection

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<Figure4>Torsionalresistanceofsolidsections

<Figure5>Torsionalresistanceofthinwalled,closedsections

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<Figure6>Torsionalresistanceofthickwalled,opensections

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<Figure7>Torsionalresistanceofthinwalled,opensections

Inpractice,combinedsectionsoftenexist.Acombinedbuiltupsectionmayincludebothclosedandopensections.Insuchacase,thestiffnesscalculatio
isperformedforeachpart,andtheirtorsionalstiffnessesaresummedtoestablishthetotalstiffnessforthebuiltupsection.

Forexample,adoubleIsectionshowninFigure8(a)consistsofaclosedsectioninthemiddleandtwoopensections,oneoneachside.
Thetorsionalresistanceoftheclosedsection(hatchedpart)
<Eq.4>

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Thetorsionalresistanceoftheopensections(unhatchedparts)
<Eq.5>

Thetotalresistanceofthebuiltupsection
<Eq.6>

Figure8(b)showsabuiltupsectionmadeupofanIshapedsectionreinforcedwithtwowebplates,formingtwoclosedsections.Inthiscase,thetorsiona
resistanceforthesectioniscomputedasfollows:

Ifthetorsionalresistancecontributedbytheflangetipsisnegligiblerelativetothetotalsection,thetorsionalpropertymaybecalculatedsolelyonthebasi
oftheouterclosedsection(hatchedsection)asexpressedinEq.7.

<Eq.7>

Ifthetorsionalresistanceoftheopensectionsistoolargetoignore,thenitshouldbeincludedinthetotalresistance.

(a)Sectionconsistedofclosedandopensections

(b)Sectionconsistedoftwoclosedsections
<Figure8>Torsionalresistanceofbuiltupsections
AreaMomentofInertia(Iyy,Izz)
Theareamomentofinertiaisusedtocomputetheflexuralstiffnessresistingbendingmoments.Itiscalculatedrelativetothecentroidofthe
section.
AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSyaxis
<Eq.8>

AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSzaxis
<Eq.9>

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:area

:distancefromthereferencepointtothecentroidofthesectionelementinthezaxisdirection

:distancefromthereferencepointtothecentroidofthesectionelementintheyaxisdirection

:firstmomentofarearelativetothereferencepointintheyaxisdirection

:firstmomentofarearelativetothereferencepointinthezaxisdirection

<Figure9>Exampleofcalculatingareamomentsofinertia
AreaProductMomentofInertia(Iyz)
Theareaproductmomentofinertiaisusedtocomputestressesfornonsymmetricalsections,whichisdefinedasfollows:

<Eq.10>

SectionsthathaveatleastoneaxisofsymmetryproduceIyz =0.TypicalsymmetricalsectionsincludeI,pipe,box,channelandtee
shapes,whicharesymmetricalaboutatleastoneoftheirlocalaxes,yandz.However,fornonsymmetricalsectionssuchasangle
shapedsections,whereIyz `0,theareaproductmomentofinertiashouldbeconsideredforobtainingstresscomponents.

TheareaproductmomentofinertiaforanangleiscalculatedasshowninFigure10.

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<Figure10>Areaproductmomentofinertiaforanangle

<Figure11>Bendingstressdistributionofanonsymmetricalsection

Theneutralaxisrepresentsanaxisalongwhichbendingstressis0(zero).AsillustratedintherighthandsideofFigure11,thenaxis
representstheneutralaxis,towhichthemaxisisperpendicular.Sincethebendingstressiszeroattheneutralaxis,thedirectionofthe
neutralaxiscanbeobtainedfromtherelationdefinedas

<Eq.11>

Thefollowingrepresentsageneralequationappliedtocalculatethebendingstressofasection:

<Eq.12>

InthecaseofanIshapedsection,Iyz =0,hencetheequationcanbesimplifiedas:

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<Eq.13>

where,

Iyy:AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSyaxis

Izz:AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSzaxis

Iyz:Areaproductmomentofinertia

y:DistancefromtheneutralaxistothelocationofbendingstresscalculationintheECSyaxisdirection

z:DistancefromtheneutralaxistothelocationofbendingstresscalculationintheECSzaxisdirection

My:BendingmomentabouttheECSyaxis

Mz:BendingmomentabouttheECSzaxis

ThegeneralexpressionsforcalculatingshearstressesintheECSyandzaxesare:

<Eq.14>

<Eq.15>

where,
Vy:ShearforceintheECSyaxisdirection

Vz:ShearforceintheECSzaxisdirection

Qy:FirstmomentofareaabouttheECSyaxis

Qz:FirstmomentofareaabouttheECSzaxis

by:Thicknessofthesectionatwhichashearstressiscalculated,inthedirectionnormaltotheECSz
axis

bz:Thicknessofthesectionatwhichashearstressiscalculated,inthedirectionnormaltotheECSyaxis
FirstMomentofArea(Qy,Qz)
Thefirstmomentofareaisusedtocomputetheshearstressataparticularpointonasection.Itisdefinedasfollows:

<Eq.16>

<Eq.17>

Whenasectionissymmetricalaboutatleastoneoftheyandzaxis,theshearstressesataparticularpointare:

<Eq.18>

<Eq.19>

where,
Vy :ShearforceactingintheECSyaxisdirection

Vz :ShearforceactingintheECSzaxisdirection

Iyy :AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSyaxis

Izz :AreamomentofinertiaabouttheECSzaxis

by :ThicknessofthesectionatthepointofshearstresscalculationintheECSyaxisdirection

bz :ThicknessofthesectionatthepointofshearstresscalculationintheECSzaxisdirection
ShearFactorforShearStress(Qyb,Qzb)

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Theshearfactorisusedtocomputetheshearstressataparticularpointonasection,whichisobtainedbydividingthefirstmomentofareabythe
thicknessofthesection.

<Eq.20>

<Eq.21>

<Figure12>Exampleofcalculatingashearfactor
StiffnessofCompositeSections
midascalculatesthestiffnessforafullcompositeactionofstructuralsteelandreinforcedconcrete.Reinforcingbarsarepresumedtobeincludedinthe
concretesection.Thecompositeactionistransformedintoequivalentsectionproperties.

Theprogramusestheelasticmoduliofthesteel(Es)andconcrete(Ec)definedintheSSRC79(StructuralStabilityResearchCouncil,1979,USA)for
calculatingtheequivalentsectionproperties.Inaddition,theEcvalueisdecreasedby20%inaccordancewiththeEUROCODE4.

Equivalentcrosssectionalarea

Equivalenteffectivesheararea

Equivalentareamomentofinertia

where,
Ast1:Areaofstructuralsteel

Acon:Areaofconcrete

Asst1:Effectiveshearareaofstructuralsteel

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Ascon:Effectiveshearareaofconcrete

Ist1:Areamomentofinertiaofstructuralsteel

Icon:Areamomentofinertiaofconcrete

REN:Modularratio(elasticitymodularratioofthestructuralsteeltotheconcrete,Es/Ec)

Equivalenttorsionalcoefficient

Note5
Determiningthepositionsofy1~4,z1~4ofasectionimportedfromSPC[Details]
1.Dividethesectionintofourquadrants.

2.Assignthepositionsfurthermostfromthecentroidineachquadrantforcheckingstresses.

Ifthewebsofasectionareextensivelyslopedasintheabovediagram,thepointsfurthermostfromthecentroidmaynotbethelowestpointsofthesection.Usecautionthatthe
stresscheckingpositionsofquadrants3&4maybeselecteddifferentlyfromtheexpectation.

SectionType

RevisionofV.7.6.1

SectionDB/Userdialogbox

[DB/Usertab]

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Thesectiondatacanbeenteredbythefollowing2methodsinthedialogbox:

1.SelectasectionfromtheDB(database)ofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

2.Enterthemaindimensionsofastandardizedsectionshape.

SectionShapeList:Selectasectionshape(Angle,Channel,HSection,TSection,Box,Pipe,DoubleAngle,DoubleChannel,SolidRectangle,SolidRound
Octagon,SolidOctagon,ROctagon,Track,SolidTrack,HalfTrack,ColdFormedChannel&URib).

User:Enterthemaindimensionsofastandardizedsectionshape.

H,B1,...:Refertothedimensioninformationdiagraminthedialogbox.

DB:SelectasectionfromtheDBofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

AISC2K(US):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000USUnit:lb,in

AISC2K(SI):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000SIUnit:kN,m,mm

AISC:AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction

CISC02(US):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(USUnit:lb,in)

CISC02(SI):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

BS(S):BritishStandard

Note
BSindicatesBS41revisedpriorto1993.

BS493:BritishStandard/BS41:1993

DIN(S):DeutchesInstitutfurNormunge.v

JIS2K:JapaneseIndustrialStandards2000

JIS:JapaneseIndustrialStandards

KS:KoreanIndustrialStandards

GBYB05:GuojiaBiaoZhunYejinBuBiaoZhun

Pacific(SI):BentleyPacificStandards(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

IS84:IndianStandards

RevisionofV.7.6.1

GBYB05:GuojiaBiaoZhunYejinBuBiaoZhun(2005)

CNS91:TaiwanStandards

Sect.Name:EnterdirectlyaDBsectionnameorselectadesiredDBfromtheSectionlist.Whenthesectionnameisdirectlyentered,itmustcorrespondto
theformatoftheDBsectionnames.

Ex)AISC:W36x280,BS:UB406x178x54,DIN:HD400x288

Note
WhenspecifyingDoubleAngleorDoubleChannelsections,assignthesectionalshapeinthelistandselectUser.Then,selectDBandSect.Namefrom
fromSingleAngle(orChannel)ordirectlyenterthemaindimensionsofthesection.

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SectionValuedialogbox

[Valuetab]
Thesectiondatacanbeenteredbythefollowing3methodsinthedialogbox:

1.SelectasectionfromtheDB(database)ofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

2.Enterthemaindimensionsofastandardizedsectionshape.

3.ImportasectiongeneratedfromSPCmodule.

SectionShapeList:Assignasectionshapetouse.

BuiltUpSection:Fabricatedsection

Note

Checkinthecaseofabuiltupsectionandleaveitblankinthecaseofarolledsteelsection.Thedataisreferredtoforstrengthverificationforsteelmembersand
compilingmaterialquantitiesinBOM.

Size
H,B1,...:Refertothediagramdenotingsectiondimensionsinthedialogbox.

Thestructurecanbeanalyzedonlywiththestiffnessdataevenifthesectiondimensionsarenotspecified.

SectionProperties
ThemainsectiondimensionsenteredinSizeareusedtocalculateanddisplaythesectionstiffness.

Area:Crosssectionalarea
Asy:EffectiveShearAreaforshearforceintheelement'slocalydirection
ItbecomesinactivewhenShearDeformationisnotconsidered.

Asz:EffectiveShearAreaforshearforceintheelement'slocalzdirection
ItbecomesinactivewhenShearDeformationisnotconsidered.

Ixx:TorsionalResistanceabouttheelement'slocalxaxis

Iyy:MomentofInertiaabouttheelement'slocalydirection

Izz:MomentofInertiaabouttheelement'slocalzdirection

Cyp:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal(+)ydirection

Cym:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal()ydirection

Czp:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal(+)zdirection

Czm:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheextremefiberoftheelementinthelocal()zdirection

Qyb:ShearCoefficientfortheshearforceappliedintheelement'slocalzdirection

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Qzb:ShearCoefficientfortheshearforceappliedintheelement'slocalydirection

Peri:O:Totalperimeterofthesection

Peri:I:Insideperimeterlengthofahollowsection

Note
ThevalueofPeri:Iis'0'foranIshapedsectionsincethesectionisnothollow.

Cent:y:CentroidaldistanceinECSyaxis

Cent:z:CentroidaldistanceinECSzaxis

y1,z1:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation1(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)Theusermayspecify
thelocationofthestressdisplay.

y2,z2:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation2(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)Theusermayspecify
thelocationofthestressdisplay.

y3,z3:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation3(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)Theusermayspecify
thelocationofthestressdisplay.

y4,z4:Distancefromthesection'sneutralaxistotheLocation4(usedforcomputingcombinedstress)Theusermayspecify
thelocationofthestressdisplay.

Zyy:PlasticSectionModulusabouttheelementlocalydirection

Zzz:PlasticSectionModulusabouttheelementlocalzdirection

SectionSRCdialogbox

[SRCtab]
EnterthesectionpropertydataforsteelRCcompositemembersinthedialogbox.

Shape:Assignasectionshapetouse.

Note
NewCrossISectionandCombinedTSectionwereincorporated.

ConcreteData:EntertheouterdimensionsoftheRCsectionofasteelencasedconcretesection.

SteelData:Enterthesteelsectiondata.

User:Enterthemaindimensionsofastandardizedsectionshape.

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H,B1,...:Refertothedimensioninformationdiagraminthedialogbox.

DB:SelectasectionfromtheDBofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

AISC2K(US):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000USUnit:lb,in

AISC2K(SI):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000SIUnit:kN,m,mm

AISC:AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction

CISC02(US):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(USUnit:lb,in)

CISC02(SI):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

BS(S):BritishStandard

Note
BSindicatesBS41revisedpriorto1993.

BS493:BritishStandard/BS41:1993

DIN(S):DeutchesInstitutfurNormunge.v

JIS2K:JapaneseIndustrialStandards2000

JIS:JapaneseIndustrialStandards

KS:KoreanIndustrialStandards

GBYB:GuojiaBiaoZhunYejinBuBiaoZhun

Pacific(SI):BentleyPacificStandards(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

IS84:IndianStandards

CNS91:TaiwanStandards

SteelName:EnterdirectlyaDBsectionnameorselectadesiredDBfromtheSectionlist.Whenthesectionnameisdirectlyentered,itmust
correspondtotheformatoftheDBsectionnames.

Ex)AISC:W36x280,BS:UB406x178x54,DIN:HD400x288,JIS,KS:H400x200x8/13

Material:EntermaterialpropertiesforsteelandconcreteconstitutingsteelRCcompositesections.

Click
toselectthematerialpropertiesforsteelandconcretestoredintheDBforacountry.Thefollowing
itemsareautomaticallyentered:

Es/Ec:ModulusofElasticityRatioofsteelrelativetoconcrete

Ds/Dc:SpecificWeight(Density)Ratioofsteelrelativetoconcrete

Ps:Poisson'sRatioforsteel

Pc:Poisson'sRatioforconcrete

CombinedRatioofConv.:StiffnessReductionFactorofconcrete[Default=1.0]

Note
WhenRCisconvertedintosteelforcalculatingtheSRCsectionstiffness,Conv.StiffnessFactorisappliedtoreducethestiffnessofRC.

Replace:AssignSteeltobethereferencewhencalculatingstiffnessofacompositesection

Note
MIDAS/CivilconvertsRCintoequivalentsteelforSRCsectionstiffnesscalculation.

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SectionCombineddialogbox

[Combinedtab]
Inthisdialogbox,enterthesectionpropertiesforacombinedsectionmadeupbytwostandardsectiontypes.

User:Enterthemaindimensionsofstandardizedsectionshapes.

DB:SelectthesectionsfromtheDBofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

AISC2K(US):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000USUnit:lb,in

AISC2K(SI):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000SIUnit:kN,m,mm

AISC:AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction

CISC02(US):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(USUnit:lb,in)

CISC02(SI):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

BS(S):BritishStandard

Note
BSindicatesBS41revisedpriorto1993.

BS493:BritishStandard/BS41:1993

DIN(S):DeutchesInstitutfurNormunge.v

JIS2K:JapaneseIndustrialStandards2000

JIS:JapaneseIndustrialStandards

KS:KoreanIndustrialStandards

GBYB:GuojiaBiaoZhunYejinBuBiaoZhun

Pacific(SI):BentleyPacificStandards(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

IS84:IndianStandards

CNS91:TaiwanStandards

Data1,Data2:Enterthesectiondataforindividualcomponentsconstitutingthecombinedsection.

Sect.Name:EnterdirectlyaDBsectionnameorselectadesiredDBfromtheSectionlist.Whenthesectionnameisdirectlyentered,itmust
correspondtotheformatoftheDBsectionnames.

Ex)AISC:W36x280,BS:UB406x178x54,DIN:HD400x288,JIS,KS:H400x200x8/13

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H,B,...:Refertothediagramdenotingsectiondimensionsinthedialogbox.

SectionTapereddialogbox

[Taperedtab]

Inthisdialogbox,enterthesectionpropertiesforbothendsofalineelementtodefineanonuniformsection(NonprismaticSection/TaperedSection)ofidentical
shape.(RefertoNote)

SectionShapeList:Applicabletaperedsectionshapesareshownbelow.ForPSC,CompositeTypeorGeneralSectionofValuetype,predefinedsections
canbebroughtinfromtheSectionDB.

DB/User:AllsectionsexceptfortheROctagonsection

Value:AllsectionsexceptfortheROctagonsection

PSC:AllPSCTypesections

Composite:Typical4compositesections(SteelBox,SteelI,PSCI&PSCT)

Value:Assignvaluewhentheuserdirectlyentersthesectionstiffnessdata.

Enterthesectiondimensionsforsectioniandjseparatelyandclick
stiffnessdataordirectlyenterthestiffnessdatawithoutenteringthesectiondimensions.

User:Enterthemaindimensionsofstandardizedsectionshapes.

DB:SelectthesectionsfromtheDBofthestandardsectionsforacountry.

AISC2K(US):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000USUnit:lb,in

AISC2K(SI):AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,2000SIUnit:kN,m,mm

AISC:AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction

CISC02(US):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(USUnit:lb,in)

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CISC02(SI):CanadianInstituteofSteelConstruction(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

BS(S):BritishStandard

DIN(S):DeutchesInstitutfurNormunge.v

JIS2K:JapaneseIndustrialStandards2000

JIS:JapaneseIndustrialStandards

KS:KoreanIndustrialStandards

GBYB:GuojiaBiaoZhunYejinBuBiaoZhun

Pacific(SI):BentleyPacificStandards(SIUnit:kN,m,mm)

IS84:IndianStandards

CNS91:TaiwanStandards

Sectioni,Sectionj:EnterdirectlyeachsectionnamecorrespondingtothestartingsectioniandtheendingsectionjorselectthedesiredDBfromthe
sectionlisttodescribethetaperedsection.Whenthesectionnamesaredirectlyentered,theymustcorrespondtotheDBsectionnameformat.

Ex)AISC:W36x280,BS:UB406x178x54,DIN:HD400x288,JIS,KS:H400x200x8/13

yAxisVariation:Dimensionalvariationaffectsthemomentofinertiaabouttheelementlocalyaxisalongthelength.

zAxisVariation:Dimensionalvariationaffectsthemomentofinertiaabouttheelementlocalzaxisalongthelength.

Linear:linearvariationalongtheelementlocalxdirection

Parabolic:parabolicvariationalongtheelementlocalxdirection

Cubic:cubicvariationalongtheelementlocalxdirection

Note1
CalculationofsectionpropertiesasperDimensionalVariation[Details]
Oncethemainsectiondimensionsofbothendsofataperedsectionmemberareentered,thesectionpropertiesareconsideredtovaryfromtheiend
(elementconnectionnodeN1)tothejend(elementconnectionnodeN2)alongthememberlength.Thecrosssectionalareas,effectiveshearareasand
torsionalresistancesareassumedtovarylinearlyfromitojalongtheelementlocalxaxis.Themomentsofinertiaareassumedtovarylinearly,
parabolicallyorcubicallydependingonthedirectionsofsectionchanges.

Forinstance,inthefiguresbelow,thevariationsofIyy andIzzcanbeexpressedasfollows:
MomentsofInertiaaboutstrongandweakaxesforarectangularsection<Seefigurebelow>

Whenthewidth(B)isconstantandtheheight(H)varies,themomentsofinertiashowacubicvariationaboutthestrongaxisandalinearvariationabout
theweakaxis.Namely,Iyy Variation='Cubic',IzzVariation='Linear'.
MomentsofInertiaaboutstrongandweakaxesforanIsection<Seefigurebelow>

Whenthewidth(B)isconstantandtheheight(H)varies,themomentofinertiaaboutthestrongaxisshowsanearlyparabolicvariationifthe1stand2nd
termsareneglectedintheaboveequation.Themomentofinertiaabouttheweakaxisvariesalmostlinearly.Hence,itisfeasibletouseIyy Variation=
'Parabolic',IzzVariation='Linear'.Ontheotherhand,whentheheight(H)isconstantandthewidth(B)varies,themomentofinertiaaboutthestrongaxis
variesalmostlinearlyandthemomentofinertiaabouttheweakaxisshowsanearlycubicvariation.Hence,itisfeasibletouseIyy Variation='Linear',
IzzVariation='Cubic'.

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Entryofsectiondataforataperedsectionmember

Note2
Intheresultsproducedincontours,diagramsandtables,dimensionalvariationintheaxialdirectionaffectsthemomentofinertiaonly.InBeamDetailAnalysis,
sectionpropertiesaredirectlycalculatedat1/4,1/2and3/4pointsusingtheshapeinformation.Assuch,dimensionalvariationaffectsallthesectionproperties(A
Asy,Asz,Ixx,Iyy&Izz).

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