Tema: Consulta

Objetivo: Conocer sobre los comandos bsicos en el uso del SQL.

Adquirir conocimientos sobre la manipulacin de informacin de
tablas.

ALTER TABLE se utiliza para modificar una tabla ya existente.

Syntax

Index type
See Storage Engine Index Types for details on permitted index_types for
each storage engine.
CLUSTERING={YES|NO} is only valid for Tokudb.
CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX can also be used to add or remove an
index.

DROP TABLE se utiliza para eliminar por completo una tabla

existente.

Syntax
DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS] [/*COMMENT TO SAVE*/]
tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...
[RESTRICT | CASCADE]

Manipulando los datos.

SELECT se utiliza cuando quieres leer (o seleccionar) tus datos.

Syntax

SELECT
[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW]
[HIGH_PRIORITY]
[STRAIGHT_JOIN]
[SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]
[SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
select_expr [, select_expr ...]
[ FROM table_references [PARTITION (partition_list)]
[{USE|FORCE|IGNORE} INDEX [FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}]
([index_list]) ]
[WHERE where_condition]
[GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH
ROLLUP]]
[HAVING where_condition]
[ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...]
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' [CHARACTER SET charset_name]
[export_options]
| INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | INTO var_name [, var_name] ]
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE] ]

export_options:

[{FIELDS | COLUMNS}
[TERMINATED BY 'string']
[[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char']
[ESCAPED BY 'char']
]
[LINES
[STARTING BY 'string']
[TERMINATED BY 'string']
]

INSERT se utiliza cuando quieres aadir (o insertar) nuevos datos.

Syntax
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name [PARTITION (partition_list)] [(col,...)]
{VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
col=expr
[, col=expr] ... ]

UPDATE se utiliza cuando quieres cambiar (o actualizar) datos

existentes.

Syntax
Single-table syntax:

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference

[PARTITION (partition_list)]
SET col1={expr1|DEFAULT} [,col2={expr2|DEFAULT}] ...
[WHERE where_condition]
[ORDER BY ...]
[LIMIT row_count]
Multiple-table syntax:
UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_references
SET col1={expr1|DEFAULT} [, col2={expr2|DEFAULT}] ...
[WHERE where_condition]

DELETE se utiliza cuando quieres eliminar (o borrar) datos

existentes.

Syntax
Single-table syntax:
DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name
[PARTITION (partition_list)]
[WHERE where_condition]
[ORDER BY ...]
[LIMIT row_count]
[RETURNING select_expr [, select_expr ...]]
Multiple-table syntax:

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]

tbl_name[.*] [, tbl_name[.*]] ...
FROM table_references
[WHERE where_condition]

REPLACE se utiliza cuando quieres

reemplazar) datos nuevos o ya existentes.

aadir

cambiar

(o

Syntax
REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]
[INTO] tbl_name [PARTITION (partition_list)] [(col,...)]
{VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...

TRUNCATE se utiliza cuando quieres vaciar (o borrar) todos los

datos de la plantilla.

Syntax
TRUNCATE(X,D)

Un ejemplo sencillo.
CREATE DATABASE mydb;
USE mydb;
CREATE TABLE mitabla ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, nombre VARCHAR(20) );
INSERT INTO mitabla VALUES ( 1, 'Will' );
INSERT INTO mitabla VALUES ( 2, 'Marry' );

INSERT INTO mitabla VALUES ( 3, 'Dean' );

SELECT id, nombre FROM mitabla WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE mitabla SET nombre = 'Willy' WHERE id = 1;
SELECT id, nombre FROM mitabla;
DELETE FROM mitabla WHERE id = 1;
SELECT id, nombre FROM mitabla;
DROP DATABASE mydb;
SELECT count(1) from mitabla; da el nmero de registros en la tabla
[1].

Conclusin:
El comando select es muy til ya que nos permite recuperar filas
seleccionadas de una o ms tablas. En la codificacin de nuestra base
de datos esto es muy esencial ya que de esta forma se relaciona
nuestras tablas unas con otras.

Bibliografa
[1 MariaDB, MariaDB, [En lnea]. Available:
] https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/select/. [ltimo acceso: 19 01 2016].
[2 N. cabanes, Nacho cabanes, [En lnea]. Available:
] http://www.nachocabanes.com/sql/curso/sql02.php. [ltimo acceso: 19 01
2016].
[3 ite educacion, ite educacion, [En lnea]. Available:
] http://www.ite.educacion.es/formacion/materiales/93/cd/m6/obtener_informa
cin_de_varias_tablas.html. [ltimo acceso: 19 01 2016].