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ADJUSTABLE SPEED
INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
Semester 7
110048M
110076V
110252H
110385R
Name
Index No.
Group
Field
Date of Perform
Date of Submission
: B.H.M.D.Jayasundara
: 110252H
: G-10
: Electrical Engineering
: 17/06/2015
: 06/07/2015
OBSERVATIONS
Experiment
: Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drives
Name
: B.H.M.D.Jayasundara
Index No.
: 110252H
Group
: G-10
Date of Performance: 17/06/2015
Instructed By
: Dr. Chandima Pathirana
b) Measurements of speed control characteristics
speed-input
potentiomete
r setting
0
VS/fS (V/
Vdc (V)
VS (V)
IS (A)
WS (W)
fS (Hz)
Nr (rpm)
18
40
21
0.5
40
24.8
30
0.7
50
2.5
73.8
42
20
0.8
50
4.5
129.3
4.44444
54
40
0.9
50
6.1667
180.2
6.48645
60
44
0.7
50
7.8333
231.2
5.61705
60
48
0.6
50
10.1667
293.5
4.7213
54
40
0.5
50
13.1667
360
3.03797
99
78
0.7
100
24.5
689
3.18367
165
128
1.0
120
42
1209.4
3.04762
10
192
148
1.0
200
49
1449
3.02041
Hz)
VS (V)
Vdc (V)
Nr (rpm)
IS (A)
WS (W)
78
88
104
124
140
158
176
188
99
111
135
159
180
201
219
237
735.2
740.0
745.2
748.7
750.6
751.8
752.7
753.3
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
60
60
70
70
80
90
110
120
CALCULATION
b) Measurements of speed control characteristics
fS (Hz)
Nr (rpm)
24.8
2.5
73.8
4.5
129.3
6.1667
180.2
7.8333
231.2
10.1667
293.5
13.1667
360
24.5
689
42
1209.4
49
1449
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
10
20
30
40
50
60
fS (Hz)
2.5
4.5
4.44444
6.1667
6.48645
7.8333
5.61705
10.1667
4.7213
13.1667
3.03797
24.5
3.18367
42
3.04762
49
3.02041
Vs / fs (V/Hz)
3
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
fS (Hz)
IS (A)
0.5
2.5
0.7
4.5
0.8
6.1667
0.9
7.8333
0.7
10.1667
0.6
13.1667
0.5
24.5
0.7
42
49
0.8
0.4
0.2
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
fS (Hz)
WS (W)
40
40
2.5
50
4.5
50
6.1667
50
7.8333
50
10.1667
50
13.1667
50
24.5
100
42
120
49
200
200
150
100
50
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
VS (V)
Nr (rpm)
78
735.2
88
740.0
104
745.2
124
748.7
140
750.6
158
751.8
176
752.7
188
753.3
750
745
740
735
730
725
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
VS (V)
IS (A)
78
0.6
88
0.7
104
0.7
124
0.9
140
1.0
158
1.2
176
1.4
188
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
VS (V)
WS (W)
78
60
88
60
104
70
124
70
140
80
158
90
176
110
188
120
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
DISCUSSION
1. What is the motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable drives?
From the above equivalent circuit, the induced stator emf (E) per phase is given by,
E = 4.44 kwNph f
From this equation a relationship between induced emf (E) , frequency (f) and air gap flux () can be
derived as,
E f
Assuming V E,
We can get a relationship as,
V
f
Magnetic flux is an important quality that determines the flow of power from the stator to the rotor shaft.
For best power transfer we must keep flux at a maximum. If frequency is decreased while keeping the
voltage at a constant, increases which results in saturation of the core and hence it will draw more
magnetic current. So it is important to keep the V/f ration constant in order to maintain maximum power
(maximum torque) and preventing magnetic saturation.
If we change V or f it should be done to keep the V/f ratio constant at Vrated/frated
2. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed and the effect to the motor?
keeping
torque.
to
According
constant
the
characteristic curve
voltage
increase
this
beyond
the
point
above
cannot
be
but
only
frequency can be
flux
becomes
saturated. If we increase
the
voltage
currents
flowing
be
high
through
the
3. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control
Frequency control method is the V/f control method. For controlling the speed of three phase induction
motor by V/f method we have to supply variable voltage and frequency which is easily obtained by
using converter and inverter set. Controlling the speed of induction motor by frequency control method,
gives more degree of speed controllability.
By the equation of the torque produced by running three phase induction motor, we can get a
relationship as follows.
T sE2
Since E V,
T sV2
We can see that in voltage control method, to maintain the maximum torque in operation, the slip should
be increase whenever the voltage is reduced. If the slip increases motor will run at a reduced speed. This
method of speed control is rarely used because small change in speed requires large reduction in voltage.
So the frequency control method has more degree of controllability over voltage control method.
Both of the voltage and current waveform obtained from the practical are 40 Hz frequency waveforms.
Here, the voltage wave form generated by actual 180 degrees six step voltage source inverter is more
similar to the theoretical line voltage wave form and shown as a square wave form in the observed graph
in the practical. However, the current wave form is much more distorted than voltage wave form due to
harmonics. Also there is phase shift due to the presence of inductance of the load.
5. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reasons for the use of different
potentiometers
Control circuit consists of two different potentiometers in the slow-up and slow down circuit
which are named as VR1 and VR2 used to change the rate of change of speed signals
Five different potentiometers were in N-1 amplifier circuit named as VR1,VR2,VR3,VR4 and
VR5. Here, first the output from slow-up/slow down circuit is compared with the dc link
voltage feedback signal and then the resulting signal is again compared with the dc link current
feedback signal.
For stability reason and for protection purposes current loop is incorporated in this circuit. VR2
and VR4 are added to adjust the control signal transients from the comparators and VR5 to adjust
the signal range in the current control loop.
REFERENCES
Electrical Machines & Drives lecture notes
http://www.electrical4u.com/