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915. The state of stress at a point is shown on the element.

Determine (a) the principal stress and (b) the maximum
in-plane shear stress and average normal stress at the point.
Specify the orientation of the element in each case. Show
the results on each element.

80 MPa

50 MPa

60 MPa

In accordance to the established sign convention,

sx = -60 MPa
s1, 2 =

sx + sy
2

sy = -80 MPa
;

sx - sy
2

txy = 50 MPa

b + txy 2

-60 + ( -80)
-60 - ( -80) 2
;
c
d + 502
2
C
2

= -70 ; 22600
s1 = -19.0 MPa

s2 = -121 MPa
txy

tan 2uP =

(sx - sy)>2

uP = 39.34

Ans.

50
= 5
[-60 - ( -80)]>2

and

-50.65

Substitute u = 39.34 into Eq. 9-1,

sx =

sx + sy

sx - sy

cos 2u + txy sin 2u

-60 + ( -80)
-60 - ( -80)
+
cos 78.69 + 50 sin 78.69
2
2

= -19.0 MPa = s1
Thus,
(uP)1 = 39.3

(uP)2 = -50.7

Ans.

The element that represents the state of principal stress is shown in Fig. a.
t max

in-plane

sx - sy
2

tan 2uS =

b + txy 2 =

-(sx - sy)>2
txy

-60 - ( -80) 2
d + 502 = 51.0 MPa
C
2
c

-[-60 - (-80)]>2
= -0.2
50

uS = -5.65 and 84.3

By Inspection, t max

Ans.

Ans.

has to act in the sense shown in Fig. b to maintain

in-plane

equilibrium.

savg =

sx + sy
2

-60 + (-80)
= -70 MPa
2

The element that represents the state of maximum in - plane shear stress is shown in
Fig. c.

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915. Continued

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The bent rod has a diameter of 20 mm and is

subjected to the force of 400 N. Determine the principal
stress and the maximum in-plane shear stress that is
developed at point A. Show the results on a properly
oriented element located at this point.
925.

100 mm

150 mm

400 N

400 N

250 mm

Using the method of sections and consider the FBD of the rods left cut segment,
Fig. a.
+ F = 0;
:
x

N - 400 = 0 N = 400 N

a + MC = 0;

400(0.25) - M = 0 M = 100 N # m
A = p(0.012) = 0.1(10 - 3) p m2
p
(0.014) = 2.5(10 - 9)p m4
4

I =

The normal stress developed is the combination of axial and bending stress. Thus,
My
N
;
A
I

s =
For point A, y = C = 0.01 m.
s =

100(0.01)
400
0.1(10 - 3)p
2.5(10 - 9)p

= -126.05 (106)Pa = 126.05 MPa (C)

Since no torque and transverse shear acting on the cross - section,
t = 0
The state of stress at point A can be represented by the element shown in Fig. b
Here, sx = -126.05 MPa, sy = 0 and txy = 0. Since no shear stress acting on the
element
s1 = sy = 0

s2 = sx = -126 MPa

Ans.

Thus, the state of principal stress can also be represented by the element shown in Fig. b.
tmax

in-plane

sx - sy
2

tan 2us = -

b + t2xy =

(sx - sy)>2

= -

txy

us = 45
txy = -

-126.05 - 0 2
b + 02 = 63.0 MPa
2
B
a

(-126.05 - 0)>2
= q
0

and -45

sx - sy
2
= -

= 63.0 =

sin 2u + txy cos 2u

-126.05 - 0
sin 90 + 0 cos 90
2
tmax

in-plane

644

Ans.

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925. Continued
tmax
This indicates that in-plane
acts toward the positive sense of y axis at the face of
element defined by us = 45
savg =

sx + sy
2

-126.05 + 0
= -63.0 MPa
2

Ans.

The state of maximum In - plane shear stress can be represented by the element
shown in Fig. c

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942. The drill pipe has an outer diameter of 3 in., a wall

thickness of 0.25 in., and a weight of 50 lb>ft. If it is
subjected to a torque and axial load as shown, determine
(a) the principal stress and (b) the maximum in-plane shear
stress at a point on its surface at section a.

1500 lb

800 lb?ft
20 ft

a
20 ft

Internal Forces and Torque: As shown on FBD(a).

Section Properties:
A =

p 2
A 3 - 2.52 B = 0.6875p in2
4

J =

p
A 1.54 - 1.254 B = 4.1172 in4
2

s =

-2500
N
=
= -1157.5 psi
A
0.6875p

Normal Stress:

Shear Stress: Applying the torsion formula.

t =

800(12)(1.5)
Tc
=
= 3497.5 psi
J
4.1172

a) In - Plane Principal Stresses: sx = 0, sy = -1157.5 psi and txy = 3497.5 psi for
any point on the shafts surface. Applying Eq. 9-5.
s1,2 =

sx + sy
2

sx - sy
2

b + t2xy

0 - (-1157.5) 2
0 + (-1157.5)
;
a
b + (3497.5)2
2
C
2

= -578.75 ; 3545.08
s1 = 2966 psi = 2.97 ksi

Ans.

s2 = -4124 psi = -4.12 ksi

Ans.

b) Maximum In - Plane Shear Stress: Applying Eq. 9-7

t

max
in-plane

0 - (-1157.5) 2
+ (3497.5)2
C
2

sx - sy
2

b + t2xy

= 3545 psi = 3.55 ksi

Ans.

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*960. Determine the equivalent state of stress if an

element is oriented 30 clockwise from the element shown.
Show the result on the element.

9 ksi

4 ksi

In accordance to the established sign convention, sx = -6 ksi, sy = 9 ksi and

txy = 4 ksi. Thus,
savg =

sx + sy
2

-6 + 9
= 1.50 ksi
2

Then, the coordinates of reference point A and C are

A(- 6, 4)

C(1.5, 0)

The radius of the circle is

R = CA = 2( -6 - 1.5)2 + 42 = 8.50 ksi

Using these results, the circle shown in Fig. a can be constructed.

Referring to the geometry of the circle, Fig. a,
a = tan - 1 a

4
b = 28.07
6 + 1.5

b = 60 - 28.07 = 31.93

Then,
sx = 1.5 - 8.50 cos 31.93 = -5.71 ksi

Ans.

txy = -8.5 sin 31.95 = -4.50 ksi

sy = 8.71 ksi

Ans.

The results are shown in Fig. b.

685

6 ksi