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Agenda
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Presentation of patient
Our Patient
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Physical exam was normal except for left sided chest wall pain
and a left elbow laceration.
Agenda
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Presentation of patient
Rib Anatomy
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Anatomic Correlation
Fracture of the first to third ribs
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extremely rare and more commonly associated with either multiple rib fractures or lifethreatening injuries. Fractures of the first rib imply a violent force
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These patterns of fractures may signify injury to the adjacent subclavian vein and brachial
plexus
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First rib often fractured posteriorly
Fracture of the fourth to tenth ribs
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4-10 ribs are most often broken.
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Multiple fractures can present as flail chest
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Inward displacement of the fracture fragments at the time of the injury may lacerate the
lung parenchyma, heart and vessels and other internal thoracic structures.
Fractures of eleventh to twelfth
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Risk of hemorrhage around and within the visceral organs
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Fractures of the lower ribs are also commonly associated with liver, spleen, kidneys, and
diaphragm
Agenda
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Presentation of patient
Chest X-ray
Computed tomography
Ultrasound
MRI
Bone Scan
Single Photon Emission CT (SPECT)
PACS, BIDMC
Long-axis view of a fractured left third rib of a patient using a 12-MHz linear
transducer. The disruption of the hyperechoic cortical alignment is shown by the
arrows
Chan, JJ et al. Emergency bedside ultrasound for the diagnosis of rib fractures. American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2009) 27, 617620
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sites/entrez
SPECT
can help localize abnormal hot spot on bone
can represent number of conditions beside rib fracture.
very sensitive for stress fractures.
MRI
No role yet in rib fracture evaluation
Source: Bhavnagri SJ and Mohammed TLH.
Agenda
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Presentation of patient
In patients with minor blunt trauma, with little suspicion of associated injury or complication,
plain radiography is likely sufficient.
Fractures can cause flail chest (when two or more ribs are fractured in two or more
places) and can lead to ventilatory insufficiency due to ineffective respiratory action. (Doty
and Sinert)
-This condition requires aggressive pain control, pulmonary toilet, and mechanical
ventilation
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Operative management of rib fractures still topic of debate and not used
widely.
Indications: flail chest, chest wall deformity, pain and disability, non-union
Agenda
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Presentation of patient
Trauma-the most common cause of rib fractures, includes penetrating injuries and blunt
injury to the chest wall. MVA, assault, sports, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, physical
abuse, and rarely, paroxysms of coughing.
Stress fractures -high level athletes whose activity involves repetitive musculoskeletal
loading. Activities include rowing, pitching, throwing, basketball, weight-lifting, ballet, golf,
gymnastics, and swimming.
Inflammatory-ankylosing spondylitis
Infection
Bhavnagri, SJ and Mohammed, TLH. When and how to image a suspected broken rib. Cleveland journal of medicine. (2009) 76(5):309
Agenda
z
Presentation of patient
PACS, BIDMC
PACS, BIDMC
PACS, BIDMC
PACS, BIDMC
PACS, BIDMC
Source: Michel De Maeseneer, Johan De Mey, Leon Lenchik, Hendrik Everaert and Michel Osteaux. Helical CT of Rib Lesions: A
Pattern-Based Approach, American Journal of Roentgenology (2004) 182 (1): 173.
Case continued
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Patient was admitted to the medicine floor with chest pulmonary toilet
and pain control.
Rib fractures
of left thorax
PACS, BIDMC
He suffered a hemopneumothorax, grade III splenic laceration and an adrenal hematoma (not visible on
image)
Companion patient #3. CT of a 60M post MVC with flail chest (rib
fractures 6-12), pulmonary contusion, grade V shattered spleen,
and shock bowel.
*
*
PACS, BIDMC
Rib fracture, pulmonary contusion
and shattered spleen
References
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2.
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4.
5.
6.
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Bhavnagri SJ and Mohommed MD. When and how to image a suspected broken rib. Cleveland
Journal of Medicine. 2009. 76(5):309-314. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezpprod1.hul.harvard.edu/sites/entrez
Bulger EM, Arneson MA, Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ. Rib fractures in the elderly. Journal of
Trauma: Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 2000. 48(6):1040-1046.
Chan SS. Emergency bedside ultrasound for the diagnosis of rib fractures. American Journal of
Emergency Medicine. 2009. 27:617-620.
De Maeseneer, M, De May J, Lenchik L, Everaert H, Osteaux M. Helical CT of rib lesions.
American Journal of Roenterology. 2004. 182: 173-179.
Doty CI and Sinert RH. Rib fractures http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/825981-overview
Richardson JD, Franklin GA, Heffley S, Seligson D. Operative fixation of chest wall
fractures:An underused procedure? The American Surgeon. 2007. 73:591-596
Sharma OP, Oswanski MF, Jolly S, Lauer SK, Dressel R Stombaugh HA. The perils of rib
fractures.The American Surgeon. 2008. 74:310-314.
Acknowledgements
Karen Lee
Jim Wu
Gillian Lieberman
Maria Levantakis