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GENERAL CHEMISTRY
neutrons)
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Atomic Mass:
= 12.01 amu
2.2. Molecules
Molecule = two or more atoms joined, acting as one unit
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Ionic bond: One or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another electrostatic attraction between charged particles.
Typically a metal bonded to a nonmetal.
Ion: A charged particle.
Cation: A positively charged particle. Metals tend to form cations.
Anion: A negatively charged particle. Nonmetals tend to form
anions.
Na
Cl
Na1+ +
Cl1-
17 protons
11 protons
10 electrons 18 electrons
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Sodium metal
Chlorine gas
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Name
Anion
Name
H+
Hydrogen
H-
Hydride
Li+
Lithium
F-
Fluoride
Na+
Sodium
Cl-
Chloride
K+
Potassium
Br-
Bromide
Cs+
Iodide
Cesium
I-
Be2+
Beryllium
O2-
Oxide
Mg2+
Magnesium
S2-
Sulfide
Ca2+
Calcium
N3-
Nitride
Ba2+
Barium
P3-
Phosphide
AL3+
Aluminum
Ag+
Silver
Eg.
PbCl2: lead (II) chloride
Ions Present
Name
NaCl
Na+
Cl-
Sodium Chloride
KI
K+
I-
Potassium Iodide
CaS
Ca2+
Li3N
Li+ N3-
Lithium nitride
CsBr
Cs+ Br-
Cesium bromide
MgO
Mg2+ O2-
Magnesium oxide
S2-
Calcium sulfide
Systematic name
Iron (III)
Iron (II)
Copper (II)
Copper (I)
Cobalt (III)
Cobalt (II)
Ion
Sn4+
Sn2+
Pb4+
Pb2+
Hg2+
Hg+
Systematic name
Tin (IV)
Tin (II)
Lead (IV)
Lead (II)
Mercury (II)
Mercury(I)
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Ions Present
Name
CuCl
Cu+
HgO
Hg2+
Fe2O3
Fe3+
MnO2
Mn4+ O2-
PbCl2
Pb2+ Cl-
SnBr2
Sn2+ Br-
ClO2O2-
NH4NO3
NH4+ Ammonium
NO3- Nitrate
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Sodium Hydroxide
Na+
OH-
NaOH
Magnesium carbonate
Mg2+
CO3
MgCO3
Sodium carbonate
Na+
CO32-
Na2CO3
Fe2+
OH-
Fe(OH)2
2-
10
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Naming Acids
Usually, an acid consists of one or more H- ions attached to
Name
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
suffix ic
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
an anion
HI
Hydroiodic acid
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
H2 S
Hydrosulfuric acid
Oxygen-Containing Acids
ous ite
ic ate
11