Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S U M M A RY
Pag.
537. THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
VASILE LPDUI
PANTELIMON BOTIN
542. THE PICKING UP OF TRACES
AND THE ADMINISTRATION
OF EVIDENCE IN THE EUROPEAN
AND INTERNATIONAL JUDICIARY SYSTEMS
GABRIEL RU
548. THE AVIATION ACCIDENT FROM TUZLA
AS OF 05.07.2010
NICOLAE LUPULESCU
556. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING
THE JUDICIARY EXPERTISE
MIHAIL GHEORGHI
561. ROADE ACCIDENT WITH THE VICTIMS DECAPITATION,
FOLLOWED BY LEAVING
THE CRIME SCENE
IONU-VALENTIN NICULACHE
DAN DUMBRAV
563. ACTIVITY OF INSECTS CASE ANALYSIS
LAVINIA PAUL
568. THE EXPERTISE OF ACCIDENTS WITH UDS
MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
579. THE ROLE OF THE FORENSIC TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC FINDING
IN THE PROBATION
OF THE AUTHORS CULPABILITY
IN A HOMICIDE CASE BY SHOOTING
DUMITRU GOA
581. THE TRACES PRODUCED BY THE FIREARM PROJECTILES ON
METAL SHEETS
GHEORGHE PESCU
PAUL CHENDE
584. A VALUABLE JUDICIARY MOTOR VEHICLE TECHNICAL EXPERT:
ENG. MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
VASILE LPDUI
586. ANOTHER VALUABLE FORENSIC EXPERT
LEFT US!
IOAN HURDUBAIE
I.S.S.N. 2069-2617
7 RON
SOMMAIRE
CUPRINS
Pag.
Pag.
537. AL XIV-LEA SIMPOZION INTERNAIONAL
DE CRIMINALISTIC
VASILE LAPDUI
PANTELIMON BOTIN
542. VALORIFICAREA URMELOR I ADMISIBILITATEA
PROBELOR
N SISTEMELE JUDICIARE EUROPENE I INTERNAIONALE
GABRIEL RU
548. ACCIDENTUL AVIATIC DE LA TUZLA, DIN 05.07.2010
NICOLAE LUPULESCU
556. CONSIDERAII TEORETICE PRIVIND EXPERTIZA
JUDICIAR
MIHAIL GHEORGHI
561. ACCIDENT RUTIER CU DECAPITAREA VICTIMEI,
URMAT DE PRSIREA LOCULUI FAPTEI
IONU-VALENTIN NICULACHE
DAN DUMBRAV
563. ACTIVITATEA INSECTELOR STUDIU DE CAZ
LAVINIA PAUL
568. EXPERTIZAREA ACCIDENTELOR CU UDS
MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
579. ROLUL CONSTATRII TEHNICO-TIINIFICE
CRIMINALISTICE N PROBAREA VINOVIEI AUTORULUI
NTR-UN CAZ DE OMOR PRIN MPUCARE
DUMITRU GOA
581. URME PRODUSE DE PROIECTILELE ARMELOR DE FOC
N TABL
GHEORGHE PESCU
PAUL CHENDE
584. UN VALOROS EXPERT TEHNIC AUTO JUDICIAR:
INGINER MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
VASILE LPDUI
586. NE-A MAI PRSIT UN ALT MARE CRIMINALIST !
IOAN HURDUBAIE
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537
538
539
540
541
542
General Presentation
For a start, in this study, a short presentation is made
for the two main procedural systems used in the European
states. There is no clear differentiation between them and
both legal systems borrow, actually, from the contents
belonging to the other type. Nevertheless it is of great
importance to first take a look at the structure of the legal
systems.
In a legal system of accusatorial type, the accusatorial
tradition, the accusation and defense present two versions
of the circumstances that led to committing the deed,
before a jury, which is asked to decide over which of the
two versions is the real one, which of them corresponds
to the truth from the jurys point of view. The judge plays
the part of the mediator, a passive role most of the times,
who is more interested in the observance of the procedure
and in the correct getting over the stages of the suit. The
procedures are mainly oral, and the verbal exposition and
the direct demonstration play the main part, because only in
this stage the jury takes notice of the facts. The witnesses
(including the experts) are heard directly, repeatedly during
the procedures. A complex set of rules establishes which
evidence is admissible and which need to be excluded
from the case. Thus, the continuation of the investigation is
determined by the two parties, which have the responsibility
to bring evidence to support their position, to make questions
for the witnesses and the experts they bring.
In an incriminating legal system, the inquisitorial tradition,
the enquiry is accomplished by a judge, who assesses the
incriminating evidence and the evidence that exonerate the
defendant, with the purpose of finding the truth; the judge
gets involved directly and holds the central position, is
hearing the witnesses and appoints the experts, if this is
found to be useful. The system operates as per the principle
of the liberty to administrate evidence. The judge holds the
file of the case, which contains all documents related to
the procedures, underwent and all evidence and means of
evidence, and this file may be seen by all parties involved. The
preliminary stage, which is not published, written and nonadversarial, is followed by a public and adversarial stage. In
continuation, the judge, who investigated the case, forwards
the file to another judge or to a court, which unwinds the
procedures, mainly based on the materials already existing
in the file, and for this purpose the court will have access to
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Bibliography:
1.
Scientific evidence in Europe Admissibility, appraisal
and equality of arms Christophe Champod and Jolle Vuille
School of Criminal Science, Faculty of Law and Criminal
Science, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, 25 May 2010:
2.
The Romanian Criminal Procedure Code;
3.
www.juspedia.ro/drept-procesual-penal/1202/
mijloacele-de-proba-in-procesul-penal;4.
www.jurisprudenta.com/ACHITARE-MIJLOACE-DEPROBA-ADMINISTRATE-ILEGAL-Act-Jurisprundeta-659448.
html
5.
www.exploreforensics.co.uk/building-a-case-usingforensic-evidence.html;
6.
www.crime-scene-investigator.net/csi-articles.html
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548
plane would detach from the ground within speed limit. The
confirmation of turning the flaps on 15 degrees was done
visually, as per the indicating device from the board panel.
The displacement from the land was executed normally,
with the correct maintenance of the taking off direction.
The plane started to move in a speed more and more
considerable, and when it reached 70 km/hour, the crew
gave the order of lifting the skid. After lifting the skid (the
posterior wheel), and performing the hauling on two points
(the front wheels) during approximately 4 seconds, up to
110-120 km/hour, the plane detached from the ground,
executed a short level flight (a flight parallel with the ground,
in order to increase the speed, before the ascending flight)
approx. two seconds, followed by a powerful cabrage.
In the taking off procedure of this type of plane, the rule
says that the level flight should be performed up to reaching
the speed of approx. 140 km/hour, in order to ensure its
ascending slope under safety conditions. The cabrage is a
sudden turning maneuver upwards of the tip of the plane
around its cross section axis, used especially in acrobatics.
The cabrage was not commended, progressively and
continuous, in a first stage, on an angle of 20-30, as to
the horizontal, then increased considerably up to 60-70,
contrary to the diving commands given by both pilots by
pushing onwards the operating lever, towards the dashboard,
commands that remained without any effect.
The plane got to a height of approx. 40 meters, with a
deviation rightwards as to the axis of the tarmac, a deviation
caused by the side wind, at the same time with the sudden
decrease of speed up to a value near 0 km/h.
From that height, the plane undertook (bowed without
command and started to fall, due to the decrease of speed
and accordingly of the carrying force the sustentation
force) on the right side, starting to lose height. It followed
a leaning on the left side (left wing), as effect of driving the
orders of the rudder bar by the first pilot, in an attempt to get
back the plane on the taking off direction.
During the fall, once with the height drop, the plane got
back from cabrage and angling into an approx. horizontal
position, as result of the commands made by the first pilot,
who understood that the new trajectory of the plane could
lead to its fall in the parachutists area from the training
and embarking point. After this recovery, immediately a
suppressed fall followed (a free fall of the plane, vertically)
from approx. 15 meters up to the impact with the land, per
magnetic capita 2090 (the direction pointed by the magnetic
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ground and that may endanger the security of the flight. The
most dangerous are the storms, the abundant rains, the
icing, the fog, the vertical air streams and thunderstorms.
Last on the list of the causes of flight accidents and
incidents are the plane crashes in the air or on land and the
acts of terrorism.
Most of the times, the origin of the aviation accidents lies
not only in one, but in several causes and favoring factors,
which mingle and condition each other, human factors
(subjective) and the objective (natural) ones interconnecting
and influencing each other in an atypical algorithm, in an
individual-machine-environment matrix, in which the man is
the weakest ring of the chain.
What interests me especially, from the point of view of the
criminal research, is to establish a determining or favoring
role of the human factor in the occurrence of the aviation
accident or incident, of the nature of the deeds committed
through action or non action by the ones in relation to the
plane destroyed or with the flight that interrupted tragically,
the identification of the guilty ones and their criminal
accountability.
As relation to the determining causes and the conditions
that favored the aviation accident from Tuzla, the object
hereof, from the analysis of the objective weather conditions
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555
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
REGARDING THE JUDICIARY EXPERTISE
CONSIDERAII TEORETICE
PRIVIND EXPERTIZA JUDICIAR
Univ. Prof. habilitated in Law MIHAIL GHEORGHI, PhD
The International Free University from Moldova
Abstract
The article presents the concept of a new branch of law - theory of forensic analysis,
which is also called forensic expertology. The proposal stirred great interest among
forensic experts, but it also raised some doubts. We support this proposal and present it to
the reader for further consideration.
Key words: forensic examination, forensic science report, forensic expertology.
Rezumat
n acest articol este prezentat concepia unei noi ramuri a dreptului- teoria expertizei
judiciare, care a primit i denumirea de expertologie judiciar. Aceast propunere a trezit
un mare interes n rndurile criminalitilor, dar a strnit i anumite ndoieli. Noi ne aliniem
la propunerea dat i o prezentm cititorului spre meditaie.
Cuvinte cheie: expertiza, expertiza criminalistic, expertologie judiciar.
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Image no. 1
side of the roadway, near the footway, and behind her
was driving a bus, which hit her, causing her death.
It was proceeded to the technical-scientific investigation
of the scene of the accident, through the performance
of taking judiciary photographs, making measurements,
picking up of the biologic traces, the examination of
the body, at the same time with the performance of the
specific activity in order to establish the circumstances
561
Image no. 2
Image no. 3
that led to the accident and the identification of the motor
car (image no. 2, 3).
As result of the investigations it was established that
the named Trofim Nicuor, aged 25, from the locality
Parche Tulcea county, driver within S.C. GEMANARU
CONEXTRANS SRL Tulcea, while he was driving the
bus brand IVECO, with the matriculation number BK
528 JL, registered by the Italian authorities, pertaining
to AUTOSERVIZI-AUTOFFICINA PASSERA LUIGI&C
SNC-BERGAMO, rented to the company GEMARARU
CONEXTRANS SRL Tulcea, in the locality Mineri, hit her
mortally with the ventilation cap of the engine from the
right side, which was in the lifted position, after which
continued his way and at a distance of approximately 300
meters from the scene of the accident hit also a road sign
from the border of the highway, and in its close vicinity
the engines cap was found.
(image 4, 5).
After the accident, the
driver left the scene of the
accident, being later on
found at the hours 19.43, at
his domicile from the locality
562
Image no. 6
Image no. 7
The driver had a driving license category B, D since
the year 2006, and after being found, at the test performed
with the equipment Alcoltest DRAGER, presented a
concentration of 0.59 mg/l pure alcohol in the exhaled
air, declaring that he had consumed alcohol after the
accident occurred and that he did not know anything
about its taking place.
The victim was sent to the Morgue of the Forensic
Hospital Tulcea, and after the necropsy was performed,
it was established that the death was violent, through
decapitation in the context of a multiple trauma through
road accident, through the action of some parts of a
motor vehicle found in rapid movement.
The obligation not to leave the scene of the accident
is a must for every driver of the motor vehicle involved in
an accident, with no exception, in the sense that it is not
required by law to be established that someone was or not
guilty of the accident, and consequently, the provisions
of law are applied to all those who were involved in the
accident (guilty or not).
Very often are the cases in practice when the driver
defends himself with the fact that he did not
know about having committed the accident
and that, consequently, he cannot be hold
responsible for having left the scene of
the accident. In this respect, it is of high
importance to research the scene of the
accident (the existence or not existence
of the brakes traces) and to establish with
exactness the lesions and their manner of
generation.
ACTIVITY OF INSECTS
CASE ANALYSIS
ACTIVITATEA INSECTELOR STUDIU DE CAZ
Lavinia PAUL PhD., biologist
Member of the North American Forensic Entomology Association
Abstract
In this article are presented several cases and their resolution with help of forensic
entomology science; the role of the entomologist in forensic expertise is also highlighted.
These cases resolved with help of forensic entomology expertise relieve the role of this
science in forensic investigation.
Key words: case analysis, entomological expertise, necrophagous insects,
entomologist.
Rezumat
n acest articol sunt prezentate mai multe cazuri rezolvate cu ajutorul tiinei entomologiei
judiciare; este evideniat de asemenea i rolul specialistului entomolog n ancheta judiciar.
Aceste cazuri rezolvate cu ajutorul expertizei entomologice judiciare evidentiaz rolul
acestei tiine n cadrul investigaiei criminalistice.
Cuvinte cheie: studiu de caz, expertiz entomologic, insecte necrofage, entomolog.
Two cases resolved by Stephen W. Bullington Ph.D.,
Entomologist:
1.) Pennsylvania Aug. 26 the body of a woman was
discovered in the kitchen of the first floor of a house in
a small Pennsylvania town. From the accounts of the
neighbors, this woman lived by herself, she did not have a
job, and quite possibly she was mentally ill.
The body was discovered by the man who lived across the
street. He forced his way into the house through the front door
at the request of some neighbors, who were complaining about
a strong smell.
The entomologist Stephen W. Bullington arrived at the
scene on Aug. 27, and was told that the body had not been
disturbed. The windows were covered with screen on the
outside and plastic on the inside, probably to retain heat. This
covering formed a fly-proof barrier. In the kitchen were piles of
trash and a low bed.
Most of the head tissues had been eaten away by maggots,
what was left seemed to be slightly mummified. Other than the
head, most of the womans body seemed to be intact; the legs
did not seem to contain any maggots or other insect larvae. The
maggots near the head had formed a large mass to the right
side of the neck; a similarly thick mass of maggots was present
on the surface of the womans clothes near her mid-section.
The entomologist Stephen W. Bullington collected maggots
from the two large masses of larvae at about 4 PM. Some
maggots from each mass were kept in alcohol and some
were kept alive to rear through to adult flies. The temperature
and relative humidity was recorded inside the house. The
temperature varied from 21-22 C and the relative humidity
from 63-66%. The temperature outside in the sun was 30 C.
Puparia was not found around the body, nor in the trash.
Eight live adult blow flies were collected from the window of the
dining room. The flies were examined and they proved to be the
same species that the entomologist reared from the maggots.
The entomologist identified the maggots by rearing them
through to adult flies. They were kept at a constant 25 C and
50-60% relative humidity. These chambers were examined at
intervals for the appearance of adults. These flies all belonged
to one species, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Foto 1).
This chart shows that the larvae from the right side of the
neck and the larvae from the mid-section (stomach) turned in to
pupa on 30 Aug. (Fig.2) 195 larvae = 195 pupa = 195 adults.
No. Pupated
No. Emerged
29 aug.
19
30
30 aug.
127
163
31 aug.
11
1 sept.
4 sept.
107
149
5 sept.
51
44
6 sept.
7 sept.
8 sept.
9 sept.
10 sept.
2 sept.
3 sept.
Fig. 2
H = larvae collected from the the head area.
S = larvae collected from the stomach area.
563
Ore
A.D.H. la final de
stadiu de dezvoltare
Ou
20
440
25
990
Al doilea stadiu
larvar de dezvoltare
25
1.540
Al treilea stadiu
larvar de dezvoltare
25
2.090
Pre-pup
125
4.840
Pup
116.5
7.403
Fig. 3
At 22C Phormia regina requires an average minimum of
7403 ADH to develop from a freshly laid egg into an adult fly.
Most of the flies emerged as adults on Sept. 4, around 12 noon.
The entomologist used 12 noon as a rough starting point.
The maggots were collected on Aug. 27 at about 4 PM.
During most of the time between Aug. 27 and Sept. 4, they
were kept at 25 C. This interval thus amounted to 188 hours,
which, when multiplied by 25C, gave 4700 ADH used. This
leaves 2703 ADH that must have been used prior to Stephen
W. Bullington collection. 2703 ADH divided by 22 C is equal to
the number of hours this would have taken, or 123. Thus the
majority of the eggs were laid 123 hours -5 days and 3 hours
-prior to 4 PM on 27 Aug.
Conclusions:
- The majority of eggs were laid on the body during the
daylight hours of 22 Aug.
- It is likely that death occurred sometime the night
before.
2.) The crime scene - a small town in the northeastern
United States. The body of a middle-aged male was found
in a weedy lot at about 1 PM on a hot day in July. The man
had been beaten to death. He had also apparently been
lying in the lot for several days.
The coroner, who was at the scene, collected some of these
maggots and the entomologist used them for the analysis that
follows. The body was taken to the morgue at about 6 PM.
Additional maggots were collected and placed in alcohol
between 8 PM the next day, during the autopsy. No maggots
were collected for rearing because at the time of the autopsy
the body had already been treated with insecticide.
564
22C
29C
Ore
A.D.H. la
final de
stadiu de
dezvoltare
Ore
A.D.H. la
final de
stadiu de
dezvoltare
Ou
23
506
18
522
Primul stadiu
larvar de
dezvoltare
27
1.100
16
986
Al doilea
stadiu larvar
de dezvoltare
22
1.584
16
1.450
Al treilea
stadiu larvar
de dezvoltare
22
2.068
22
2.088
Pre-pup
108
4.444
94
4.814
Pup
143
7.590
130
8.584
Fig. 4
Is apparent that the total ADH required to reach adulthood is
higher at 29C than at 22C. During the three days prior to being
collected the maggots developed at an average temperature of
slightly over 25C a figure which falls nearly halfway between
the two temperatures Greenberg studied. The ADH figures
Stephen W. Bullington used for the analysis were therefore
averages of the figures in the above chart for 22C degrees and
29C. To use the first ADH as an example, the 1517 mentioned
above is halfway between 1584 ADH, which the maggots take
to become third-instars at 22C, and 1450 ADH, which they
take to become third instars at 29C. Was used the figure of
1517 as a base on which to build the minimum ADH required
for the development of the large maggots.
The third instar is a very long period for maggots. The
maggots of Phaenicia sericata spend a minimum of 116 hours
(nearly five days) as third instars at 29C (Greenberg, 1991).
The third instar can be divided into two portions, as indicated
in the chart; the first portion of this instar is spent feeding and
Fig. 5
The graph on the left shows the relationship at 22C, and
the one on the right, at 29C. These graphs differ slightly from
each other; however, in the time period covering the early third
instar, there is a linear relationship between maggot length
and age. Older maggots are longer. Therefore Stephen W.
Bullington used the information presented here to find out how
long the maggots had been feeding.
From the 22C graph, is apparent that at the beginning of the
third instar, the maggots are just at 8 mm long. From the graph
for 29C it can be observed that they are somewhat larger,
measuring in at slightly over 8.5 mm. At both temperatures
22 hours later, when they stop feeding the maggots are
approximately 14 mm long. Stephen W. Bullington took these
figures and from them constructed the graph below.
He also measured the largest maggot he had from the body.
Using this length with his graph, he determined the number
of hours after moulting into a third instar it would have taken
this maggot to have reached its current size. He did this for
both 22C and 29C, converted the figures into ADH, and then
averaged the two. (Fig. 6)
Fig. 6
The biggest maggot mounted was 10.58 mm long. Using
the graph, for 22C this translated into 220 ADH (10 h. x 22C),
and for 29C into 252 ADH (8.7 h. x 29C). The average of
these two figures was 236 ADH. Therefore, the largest maggot
could have been no further along into the third instar than 236
ADH. When this 236 was added to 1517 => 1753 ADH. Stephen
W. Bullington considered this ADH as the minimum required to
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Foto 7
Foto 8
tetracarinatus which is the most common representative of
the genus Oxyteles and is frequently found in excrement and
rotten plant materials; one Philonthus spec.) which on their
own are not suitable for estimating of PMI because of their
common occurrence on cadavers, even two years after burial
on corpses.
Three adult individuals of the genus Atheta (which lives on dry
carrion but also on fungi and decaying leaves) and both larvae
and two adults of the clerid red legged ham beetle Necrobia
rufipes were found. One of the Necrobia larvea immediately
burrowed into a piece of gauze, pupated at 17 C which is 1
C less than its supposed lowest breeding temperature and
hatched out after 54 days. Necrobia rufipes is known to be a
late inhabitant of corpses and feeds on dry cadavers (also on
mummies and ham) and probably on larvae of other arthropods.
The observation of one dead pupa of Fannia (house fly) and the
absence of any silphid beetles was without diagnostic value but
is mentioned for the sake of completeness.
567
- Datenn -
Accident - Data
Speisher
Storage
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[H1]
Hugemann, W.; Schimmelpfennig, KH Der
Unfallschreiber
Funktionsprinzipien,
Genauigkeit,
Auswirkung auf die Ttigkeit des Sachverstndigen (The
accident recorder - operation and accuracy principles and
its impact in experts activity) VuF 30 (1992), 49-59
[K1] Kolley, K.; Zootnik, E. et al. Unfalldateschreiber
(UDS) fr Fahrzeug Phase II (The data recorder regarding
accidents (UDS) Schlussbericht der ARGE UDS, Berlin
1991 (UDS ARGE Final Report, Berlin 1991)
[L1] Lhle, U., Meininger, I. Technische und rechtliche
Aspekt der Auswertung des UDS (technical and legal
aspects of UDS data evaluation) VuF 31 (1993), 11-14
[N1] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA). Event Data Recorders, Final Rule (49 CFR Part
563) [Docket No. NHTSA-2006-25666] U.S. DOT / NHTSA,
Washington, DC, 08/28/2006 Abrufbar unter (accessible
under) http://dms.dot.gov
[S1] Schmidt-Cotta, RR Rechtliche und Politische
Aspekt der Unfalldatenspeicherung. Zugleich ein Betrag
zur nicht nur bei Beweisproblematik Massenunfllen (legal
and political issues of storage of accidents data. In the
same time, an amount of evidence relating not only to mass
casualties) VuF 38 (2000), 303-308 and 39 (2001), 19-24
[S2] Strzelez, R., Kast, A., Rau, H. Erweiterte
Mglichkeiten aus der Unfallsachenanalyse UDS-am
Beispiel eines Aufzeichnungen simulierten Autobahnunfalls
(Expanding the possibility of analyzing the causes of
accidents recorded with the UDS, for example: the simulation
of an accident on a highway) VuF 35 (1997), 238-248
[U1] Ueli, H. Die und Restwegaufzeichnungsgerte
RAG 1000RAG 2000 (Map recorders RAG 1000 and RAG
2000) Vortrag EVU-Jahrestagung (EVU Annual Conference)
Zurich, 2003
[W1] Wiek, A. UDS Die-Plattform - Ein Hilfsmittel zur
einfachen und schnellen Anwendbarkeit des von VDOKienzle UDS Messgert als fr den Sachverstndigen (UDS
platform - a tool for quick and easy to reach by experts) VuF
37 (1999), 237-240 .
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Abstract
This study was based on an experiment results conducted by the aforementioned
experts in respect to various thickness and composition of metal sheets as a result of
the impact made by firearm projectiles. These firearms may be used in the committing of
crime.
This article reproduces a small part of the study aimed at verifying the accuracy of which
forensic scientists may interpret the scene of crime when traces
(orifices) on metal sheet surfaces occur.
Key words: firearms, projectiles, path of a projectile, evidence metal sheet, ballistic
examination, trace interpretation, legal ballistics, semi-automatic pistol, automatic assault
rifle, crime scene, metal being pushed.
Rezumat
Acest studiu se bazeaz pe rezultatele unui experiment condus de experii mai sus
menionai cu privire la impactul proiectilelor armelor de foc asupra plcilor metalice de
diferite grosimi i compoziii. Aceste arme de foc pot fi folosite la comiterea crimelor.
Articolul reproduce o mic parte a materialului care a urmrit verificarea de ctre
criminaliti a acurateii interpretrii urmelor (orificii) de pe suprafeele plcilor metalice
gsite la locul faptei.
Cuvinte cheie: arme de foc, proiectile, traiectoria unui proiectil, prob, examinarea
balistic, interpretarea urmelor, balistica judiciar, pistol semiautomat, puc-mitralier,
locul faptei, ndoirea metalului.
581
Photo3. In
trace of the
bullet
Photo 4.
The out trace
of a bullet
Photo 5.
In trace
of the
bullet
Photo 6.
The out
trace of
a bullet
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584
ROAD
ACCIDENT
FORENSICS
In connection with
this paper, the
author told us the following:
Forensic science is established as a
main science of the judicial trial, because
it serves to elucidate the case, with more
contact sciences, ultimately serving to the
disclosure of criminal offenses, to prove
the crime and determining the perpetrators
fault, which was identified using forensic
methods, finally reaching the court.
In the field of road traffic accidents, where
crime scene investigation is poor in terms
of quality, forensic research methods being
more rigorous, processes and operations
585
586