5 BK29ST January 1992 e 2 \ i ? Wy Defense Language Institute English Language Center Lackland Air Force Base, Texas AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE LEVEL V BOOK 29 { 9 —| STUDENT TEXTNOTES TO THE STUDENT The Student Text for Book 29, Level V, has four lessons and one xeview lesson, daily evaluations and homework assignments, and various appendixes. The homework and evaluation exercises are at the back of this text. The evaluation exercises are short quizzes and will be given after each lesson is completed. The daily homework assignments will require about two hours to complete. The appendixes are after the fifth lesson. Appendix A, Part One, 4s an alphabetical list of the new vocabulary presented in this book. Next to the word is the number of the lesson where the word is introduced. Appendix A, Part Two, is a Glossary of the vocabulary presented in the book. It is divided into lessons. You are to use this Glossary in order to prepare for the lesson. Appendix B is a list of the grammar structures presented in this book. Next to the structure is the number of the lesson where the structure is presented. The rest of the appendixes are reference materials. The American Language Course focuses on four areas: ae Kk Function The functions are the ways we use a language to communicate. There are exercises in the lessons that show you how and when to use certain words, phrases, and sentences in a particular situation. 2. €)-Grammar The grammar structures in the lesson are the forms you need to speak and write correctly. 3. skits > There are exercises in the lessons to help you improve your skill or ability in listening, speaking, reading or writing. 4. ¥ Vocabulary The words and expressions presented in the lesson are those you will need to do the functions and the grammar exercises. The first page of each lesson is the Focus Page. It provides a summary of the material that will be presented in the lesson. adiLesson Lesson. Lesson a oN Lesson Lesson 5 Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix sm 90 DD CONTENTS Title We Take Inventory Once A Year. No, I Don't Like It. She Said He Was Competent. He's Traveling To Chicago By Train. Review Lesson Word List and Glossary Structure List Patterns of Irregular Verbs Four Important Spelling Rules Punctuation and Capitalization Conditional Sentences Homework Evaluation 35 69 101 137 HW-1 EE-1@ WE TAKE INVENTORY ONCE A YEAR. _ BOOK 29 LESSON 14 Causatives e Expressions ® Verb suffixes: -fy, -ify, -ize Captions Stress Change in Related Word Pairs A Reading Approach Verbs call in direct come/came/come odically out atedly glow pass away goods Eeece inventory take/took/taken in merchandise minor stock Expressions trash after another since then Suffixes take leave e@ take inventory Verb suffixesCONTENTS OF BOOK 29 LESSON 1 e ST Page VOCABULARY: taking inventory 3 VOCABULARY: taking leave 7 READING SKILL: caption/write answer 9 GRAMMAR: review of causatives 13 GRAMMAR: time expressions 17 FUNCTION: inquiring about and expressing frequency 20 SPEAKING SKILLS: stress change in related word pairs 24 GRAMMAR: review of verb suffixes 27 READING SKILL: a reading approach 31 @ ENRICHMENT 33¥ Vocabulary IT'S TIME T0 TAKE INVENTORY Taking inventory is a job that must be done periodically. Stores and other businesses have to count their stock of merchandise on a regular basis. Most businesses set aside time to count the goods on hand at the end or the beginning of the year. At that time, the store will be closed to the public, and employees may stay up late into the night until every item has been counted After the merchandise has been counted, a list, or catalog, of goods is usually printed so that the company managers will know exactly what they have on hand. [t is important to have an accurate inventory of merchandise. WHAT'S IN THE INVENTORY? Read the text and then choose the correct answer. 1, Inventory must be taken a. monthly b. periodically ¢. once in a while a. often2. When a business takes inventory, the employees a. c. produce goods sell goods b. buy the merchandise @ d. count the merchandise 3. During inventory, a store is usually : a. co. 4. A catalog is a. c. 5. An a. c. open all night closed a list of goods a timetable inventory lists the b. open for business 4. on vacation b. waste material a. a ship's cargo of merchandise. sale b. stock control d. goods fo] ( , ey RS RS THE BOTTOM OF THE LADDER Read these sentences containing new words. 1. When Bob's Shoe Store took its annual inventory this month, Bob had to call in extra help in order to finish in time for the back-to-school sale. 2. He hired some college students to help out for a week. 4 ha10. Kay, a college student, was assigned the job of writing down the stock numbers of all the merchandise. She had to climb a ladder to the top of the shelves in the store. She climbed the ladder repeatedly and looked on every shelf. She carefully wrote down the name and number of every item she found, one after another. Afterward, she typed up new labels and stuck them on the shelves in the appropriate locations. Kay learned quickly; she took in everything the supervisor told her. She didn't have to ask the supervisor to explain again. Kay demonstrated her efficiency while helping with the inventory. Since then, she has been working at Bob's on a part-time basis and earning a weekly salary. She's saving several dollars of her salary every week to buy a car. e Answer these questions about Bob's Shoe Store. 1 What did Bob have to do in order to finish taking inventory? Why did Kay have to climb a ladder? How did she take inventory? How often did she climb the ladder? How well did Kay learn her job? What is Kay saving now? Why? How long has Kay worked at Bob's Shoe Store?CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD e Fill in the blank with an appropriate word from the box. call in inventory stock catalog periodically salary goods take inventory 1, The store manager takes inventory ; he does it at regular intervals. 2. The restaurant will extra waiters for the noliday parties. 3. Many people prefer to do their shopping at home by using a that lists everything a company has in its inventory. 4. Damaged are sometimes sold at greatly reduced prices. 5. The manager looked at the to see if the auto part was available. e 6. His starting __ was $2,000 a month. 7. The auto supply store keeps a of spare auto parts on hand. 8. The supervisor announced that the company would at the beginning of the yeary Vocabulary A VACATION Lance and Larry, two sergeants in the Marines, are looking forward to a vacation in Colorado soon. They plan to take leave in September so that they can be in the mountains when the leaves turn to red and gold. They have reservations on a direct flight to Denver; they'll rent a car there and drive into the mountains. They're taking fishing equipment with them because they plan to do some fishing while they're in Colorado. Larry's wife, Marie, told him to be very careful while he's @riving in the mountains. She's afreid he might miss a curve and wreck the car. Marie had an accident on a mountain road once. Since then, she's been scared of driving on mountain roads. Now answer these questions. 1. What are Lance and Lerry planning to do? 2. When will they take leave? 3. What kind of flight will they take? 4, what is Marie afraid of?THROW IT AWAY The word "trash" refers to anything we throw away because we no longer want or need it. Garbage, on the other hand, will decompose (decay) when it is put into the ground, but some trash will not. Because of this, we are rapidly covering our planet with trash. TRUE OR FALSE? 1. _____ Trash means anything we throw away. e@ 2. ____ Garbage is useful. 3. _____ Some trash will not decompose. 4. ____ Garbage is easier to get rid of than trash. 5. Our planet is being covered with trash.e Reading sku. HOME SWEET HOME Read the caption below this photograph. Then, based on the information given in the caption, write answers to the questions which follow. The Costanza Housing Area, located north of the city of Catania, Italy, provides housing for U.S. Navy enlisted personnel and their families and consists of 403 units. 1. In what country is the housing area located? 2. Where is the housing area in relation to the city of Catania? ] 6 3. Who lives in the housing area? ;4. How many housing units are found in the area? ¥ Vocabulary NEW WORDS 1. Jeff saves the old newspapers that have come out in the last month, ties them in bundles, and takes them to the recycling center.* 2. The storeowner rejected the dishes Because they had flaws in them. 3. Because they weren't perfect, Neal was able to buy the dishes at a reduced price. ¥recycling center = a gathering place for items to be reused 104. Can you think of some things that adults and children often argue about? 5. The flames from the campfire glowed and lit the evening sky. 6. Ted Smith has been boss of the company since his dad passed away last year. 117. A minor cannot legally drive a car until he or she becomes an adult. ONE WORD FOR ANOTHER Read each sentence. Part of it will be underlined. Find a word in the box below that means the same or nearly the same as the underlined word or words. (You may have to change the form of ‘the word. ) come out adult take in bundle minor take leave reject glow repeatedly flaw pass away call in wreck direct EXAMPLE: huge Fred's feet are very big. 1. Engineers are working on a remote control device for laser disc players with buttons that shine in the dark. 2. New leaves appear on the trees in the spring. 3. Movie tickets usually cost less for a child than for a grown-up. 4 They had to send for a specialist to perform the surgery. 5 The student understood everything the instructor said. 6 The tornado destroyed 25 buildings in the center of town. . @ La10. a. 12. 13. 14 His job application was not accepted because it was improperly prepared People avi saying the word "die" because they don't like to think about death. The package was very hard to carry There's a nonstop flight to Dallas at 1800. Yes, there are one or two defects in it, but it's a beautiful piece of work nonetheless. The students can't vote in the election because they are below the lecal age. ——______ The instructor drilled the exercise Qver and over until the students had it memorized. Jack was on vacation in August. Oo Grammar REVIEW OF CAUSATIVESI HAD MY SIGN INSTALLED BY A SIGN COMPANY. Read these dialogs with another student. They contain both active and passive causative constructions. 1. Bol What did you get done at the dentist? Bil I got the children's teeth cleaned. Gina: What did you have the dog do? Rob: I had the dog bring me the newspaper. e 14 I3. art: What did you get the children to do last night? Mary: I got them to help wrap the gifts. Anne: What did you make Joey do? He's crying. Joe: I made him put his toys away. Linda: What did Christina get her brother to do? Pete: She got him to help clean her room. Paul: Who did you have install your sign? Pat: I had it installed by a sign company. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH CAUSATIVES Listen to a question with make, get, or have in it and answer it by using the words in parentheses. Example: What did Uncle Antonio make his sons do? (feed/cows) Uncle Antonio made his sons feed the cows. What does the professor have the students do? (turn in/homework ) What did Anna make her children do? (sit still for a picture) What did Joe get his dad to do yesterday? (play baseball) Who did you get to fix your suit? It looks great. (the tailor) What did you have the Chinese restaurant do? (deliver /food) What does the manager make the waiter clean? (all the tables) 15What did the shot make the goalkeeper do? (dive to the right) e@ What will Sandra get her husband to build next week? (build a desk) I HAD THE CHEESE MADE. Read each sentence. ‘Then change it from active to passive using have or get in your statement. The by-prepositional phrase is not necessary. Example: John gets his friend to cut his hair. 1. John gets his hair cut. (by his friend) 1 had my wife thicken the sauce. The Captain got the company to change the rules. The frightened woman had the cowboy shoot the snake. e The farmer has the workers milk the cows. Thomas had his brother send the pictures overseas. The authorities had the police arrest the thief. The Thompsons got Mr. Antipest to spray their house. The driver had the guide seat the boys at the front of the bus.@ oO Grammar TIME EXPRESSIONSCAN'T YOU SEE I'M BUSY? TALK TO ME LATER. Read these sentences. They contain time expressions. 1. za We'll be celebrating the New Year two weeks from today. This terrible pain in my neck has been bothering me all day Jong. The baby is usually very calm and quiet, but today he isn't being very nice. Mary goes shopping frequently. She loves to spend money she doesn't have. I really enjoy getting up and reading the peper on Sunday mornings. 18It was last week that I had my nose injured during the soccer game. They speak to each other on the phone twice a month. I still remember the day I arrived in the United States twenty-three years ago. They've been investigating the case for five days. She has been working on this project since the day before yesterday. WHEN? HOW LONG? HOW OFTEN? Read the sentences with time expressions. Then ask a question with either "When?" "How long?" or "How often?” Examples: Thomas has been at that school for three years. How long has Thomas been at that school? I have to see the doctor next week. When do you have to see the doctor? The nurse checks his pulse every half hour. How often does the nurse check his pulse? John has lived in Egypt for three years. Paul's friend recently bought a new car. Most American families take a vacation once a year. Our teacher assigns us homework daily. The computers are frequently out of order. David's grandparents came to this country thirty years ago. Fred was involved in a car accident last week. He sometimes writes to his friend in Japan. That building has been under construction for two years. The students have been studying English since August. 19WHEN CAN WE TALK? WE CAN TALK LATER TODAY. e Listen to a question and use a time expression in the box in your answer. Answer the question with a complete sentence. More than one answer is possible. two weeks for a week all night often always sometimes frequentiy later today every day yesterday recently at 12:30 twice a day after the game since 1980 at night daily monthly one year Friday night 1. When can you come to see me? 2. When did they arrive in France? 3. How often does he have to be away from home? 4. How long have you had this problem? 5. How often do you complete al1 of your homework? e 6. When is your book quiz? 7. When can the children stay up late? 8. How long did he spend in Portugal? 9. How long have you been studying English? 10. How long did you stay awake studying for the test? * Function FREQUENCY Read aloud these questions and answers about frequency. 1. How often do accidents occur at the intersection? Accidents occur repeatedly at that intersection. A traffic light should be installed there without delay. 20 AS10. How often does the manager take inventory? The manager takes inventory periodically; he does it at regular intervals. How often does it rain here? It rains here periodically during March and April. How often does the temperature drop below freezing? The temperature occasionally drops below freezing. How often does the temperature go below zero? The temperature hardly ever goes below zero. How often does the committee meet? The committee meets twice a month. How often does it snow in Arizona? It snows every winter in Arizona. How often do the Bulldogs win their football games? The Bulldogs always win their games. How often do you exercise? I know I should exercise regularly, but I seldom do. How often do you have to remind him to brush his teeth? I never have to remind him; he always remembers.NO, YOU'RE WRONG. e One student will read a statement. Another student will give an opposite response using "No, you're wrong," and a sentence with the cue in parentheses. EXAMPLE: A: Ralph sometimes rides his bike to work. (never) B: No, you're wrong. He never rides his bike to work. 1. A: It's often hot in Helsinki. (never) B: No, you're wrong. 2. A: The drill sergeant occasionally raises his voice. (always) B: No, you're wrong. 3. At It scarcely ever snows in the Rocky Mountains. (every winter) B: No, you're wrong, 4. A: The temperature is generally below freezing in Florida. (seldom) B: No, you're wrong. 5. At The teacher never gives tests. (frequently) B: No, you're wrong. 6. A: It rains every day in a desert. (seldom) B: No, you're wrong. 7. A: The troops sometimes practice firing their weapons. (regularly) B: No, you're wrong. + At Football players rarely get injured. (often) B: No, you're wrong. @TELL ME. Answer these questions about frequency. Use complete sentences. EXAMPLE: 1. what 2, What 3. What 4. What 5. what 6. What 7. What 8. What What is something you do three times a day? I eat a meal is is is is is is is is something something something something something something something something three times a day. you you you you you you you you do do do do do do every day? twice a month? once a week? yearly? very often? very seldom? occasionally do? hardly ever do? 23HOW OFTEN . : @ Student 1 will ask a question beginning with "How often," using one of the topics below. Student 2 will answer the question using one of the adverbs of frequency listed below. EXAMPLE: go to the library Sl: How often do you go to the library? 82: I go to the library once a week. HOW OFTEN? FREQUENCY go shopping always write letters seldom go dancing hardly ever brush your teeth sometimes go to the coast usually watch TV rarely go downtown read the newspaper go to the movies service your car go to the theater visit a foreign country go to a football game go to the library go to the dry cleaner wash the car visit a museum (every) once in a while twice a day (week) every now and then regularly periodically often occasionally scarcely ever never frequently once a week Speaking sxit> REDUCED VOWELS AND STRESS PATTERNS Generally, there are two kinds of vowels in words, Stressed syllables have full vowels. Unstressed syllables usually have reduced vowels; they When a suffix is added to a word, reduced. clear. are not always clear. full and They are always there is frequently a change in the stress pattern of the word. 24For example, ACtive. After the suffix change in stress: acTIvity. in the word active the first syllable is stressed: is added to the word, there is a Listen to your instructor and repeat these related word pairs. Notice the change in syllable stress after the suffix is added to the word. 1. ATom / aTOMic 2, CLASsify / classification 3. hoRIzon / horiZONtal 4. AMplify / amplification 5. 4DENtify / identification 6. HIStory / hisTORical 7. biOLogy / bioLOGical 8. techNOLogy / technoLOGical 9. CALibrate / caliBRAtion 10. supervise / superVIsory IDENTIFY / IDENTIFICATION Listen to your instructor pronounce a word. word respond orally with the related form. will be a change in syllable stress. After hearing the Remember that there EXAMPLE: activate / activation 1. refer / reference 2. horizon / horizontal 3. fatal / fatality 4. imitate / imitation 5. classify / classification 6. editor / editorial 7. calculate / calculation 8. navigate / navigation 9. equal / equality 10. consider / consideration DIALOGS Read these dialogs with your instructor. The dialogs contain words which change syllable stress from one word form to another. 1. At e- 25 How is merchandise classified in a catalog? The classification of merchandise is done by numbers.2. Az Do you understand the circulation of blood? e B: I know that blood circulates through veins and arteries. 3. A: The earth revolves around the sun. B: Isn't this movement called a revolution? 4, A: Can you imitate any famous person? B: Yeah, I can do a pretty good imitation of many famous people. 5. A: D4d you prepare for the book quiz? B: Not much. My preparation was brief because I know most of the material. DIALOGS Read these dialogs with another student. The dialogs contain words which change syllable stress from one word form to another. e@ 1. Az Does he qualify for the job? B: Yes. He has excellent qualifications. 2. A: Why does my new sweater irritate my skin? B: The irritation is caused by the wool in the material. 3. A: How many officers do you supervise in your country? I have the responsibility for the supervision of thirty officers. Did you read the information about today's soccer game on the bulletin board? Yes, but my instructor informed the class that the date has been changed. 26@ 5. A: How was your family trensported to the language school? B: They flew here by plane. My commanding officer arranged transporTation for them. @ Grammar VERB SUFFIXESMARIA DIDN'T REALIZE WHAT TIME IT WAS. Read the following sentences. They contain nouns and adjectives with added suffixes to form verbs. Farmers are using a new kind of grain to fatten the cows. Victor familiarized himself with the book before he taught ies Most cities have to purify their drinking water. @ I don't want to make this lesson too difficult. 1'11 try to simplify it for you. Don't sadden me with your sed story. Carlos, before you start, categorize your topics. Ask the barber to flatten the top a little bit when you get your haircut. 28e THE CONSTRUCTION CREW WILL WIDEN THE HIGHWAY. Use the verb form of these nouns and adjectives to complete the sentences. Add either -en, -fy, -ify, or -ize to the word to make a verb. dark tight loose visual energy solid sharp false simple soft 1. Make absolutely sure that you the room completely before you try to develop the pictures. 2. Because of the extreme cold, the water will in a few minutes. 3. I just don't have a picture in my mind of what the project will be like. I can't it at this time. 4. The young lady purposely signed the wrong name on the document. She ‘the document. 5. We asked the instructor to the difficult material. 6. If you ask, the teacher wil probably let you your pencil. 7. The screw was loose, so he had to it. 8. At the end of a long day, I can't wait to ny tie, get out of my suit, and just relax. 9. The butter is too hard to spread on the toast. I'11 leave it out for a while. It should by then. 10. Batteries are used to toys, cars, and other things. Why hasn't someone invented a battery for people? 29LET'S BEAUTIFY THE PARK. e Select the best answer. Circle a, b, or c. 1. They were ready to complete the plans for the project. They ware ready to final the plans. a. -ify b. -en c. -ize I really didn't understand the instructor today. Tomorrow I'm going to ask him to clar the material again. a. -ify b. -en ec. -ize Joe wasn't afraid of the deep water. The deep part of the pool didn't fright, him, a. fy b. -ize c. -en His pants are too short. Have the tailor length them. e@ a. -fy b. -en c. -ize Right now, it's a solid. We need to raise the heat in order to lique, it. a. -fy b. -ize ce. -en When Mary goes to college, her area of concentration will be computer science. Mary will special, in computer science. a. -en b. -ify c. -ize 30@ reading skm > READING TECHNIQUE Preview the reading: Look at the title, the first and last paragraphs, the topic sentence in each remaining paragraph, and the questions at the end. Then read the text and answer the questions. STANDARDIZED TESTS In today's specialized world, standardized tests have become valuable instruments in helping to determine a person's placement in school or in the work place. Standardized tests--those which have been used, revised, and used again until their results are uniform under controlled conditions--can measure a person's achievement in a particular area, his aptitude and interests, and even his ability to get along well with other people. These tests compare @ person's performance with that of a large group of people in order to show whether that person is average, above average, or below average. e@ Achievement tests are used by educators to measure learning in a specific area. The content of these tests is taken from what a student has studied over a period of time and is designed to find out whether the student has learned what his teacher has tried to teach him. The results of these tests might be used to grade or promote students. Aptitude and interest tests are special kinds of measurements used to measure a person's ability to learn certain skills and knowledge. Aptitude tests can measure a person's ability to move his fingers quickly in order to see if he would be a good typist. Other aptitude tests might measure a person's ability to hear tones. If the person can't hear well, for example, he shouldn't try to be a musician. Aptitude tests include tests for ability to acquire skills in art, clerical work, mathematics, music, reading, and speaking foreign languages. Finally, by using standardized tests to measure learning ability, recall of information, accuracy in computation, or manual skill, educators are better able to predict how well a student will learn in school, and personnel specialists can estimate an employee's aptitude for certain kinds of jobs. 31QUESTIONS: 1. Which type of test measures how well a student has learned e in the classroom? Which test might predict that a person would be suitable as a foreign language interpreter? Which standardized test indicates the area or field in which @ person enjoys working? Is an aptitude test given before job training begins or after training is complete? 32+ Enrichment ‘TROUBLESOME ENGLISH Subject/Verb Agreement A verb must agree in number (either singular or plural) with its subject. Correct: The coach was pleased with the team's performance. Incorrect: The coach were pleased with the team's performance. A noun or prepositional phrase coming between the subject and a verb does not affect the number of the verb. Correct: The coach, along with his assistants, was pleased with the team's performance. Incorrect: The coach, along with his assistants, were pleased with the team's performance. 33IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS e@ UP A CREEK WITHOUT A PADDLE Meaning “Up a creek without a paddle" means to be in a very difficult situation. The expression is often shortened to “up a creek." Example Sentences 1, If 1 can't get my car repaired before Monday, I won't have a way to get to work. I'm going to be up a creek without a paddle. 2. If I don't find my driver's license, I'm going to be up a creek. I need to cash a check. 3. If the auto plant closes, I'11 be up a creek. 1I'11 lose ny @ job, and I won't have enough money to continue college. 34@ NO, 1 DON'T LIKE IT. BOOK 29 LESSON 2 ME ‘DON'T YOU s LIKE THE SOUPR 7S of No.1 DON'T eo 2 b-2 ae. FUNCTION. Inquiring About and Expressing Likes end Dislikes GRAMMAR. Go + Gerund Adjective and Preposition Combinations Suffixes: -al, —ial ® SKIES Limited Exposure to a Text Stress Change in Related Word Pairs Complete a Paragraph with Connectives ‘VOCABULARY. Verbs Other Nouns announce brave flavor complicate in connection host distract with neighborhood draw/drew/drawn rare xelation get/got/gotten on wild resident with rivet pass on Nouns segment preserve tin reside alcohol torch specify balance tubing weld booth tunnel cafe wilderness courage Expressions Prefixes Suffixes @ wal/-ial 35CONTENTS OF BOOK 29 LESSON 2 @ ST Page VOCABULARY: welding 37 VOCABULARY: a place to meet; “bring a dish" 40 VOCABULARY: a mixture of words 4. VOCABULARY: a place for animals; ship building; a rare disease 43 READING SKILL: select the correct transition 46 GRAMMAR: go + gerund 47 READING SKILL: limited exposure to a text/write answers 52 GRANMAR: adjective and preposition combinations 54 FUNCTION: inquiring about and expressing likes and dislikes 58 SPEAKING SKILLS: stress change in related word pairs 61 GRAMMAR: -al/-ial adjective suffix 63 WRITING SKILL: write a description 66 ENRICHMENT 70e ¥ Vocabulary 1. Steel coated with tin is used to make safe food containers. 2. Rivets are found on common items, such as blue jeans pockets and kitchen utensils.* They are metal pins. 3. A torch is used to weld metal. @ ®utensil = a container or piece of equipment 374. Tubing is an important e part of a stethoscope. tubing 5. Alcohol is used as a fuel in rocket engines. 6. Building a tunnel is a dangerous job. Digging through a mountain takes a lot of courage. 38THE STORY OF WELDING Read these sentences about welding. 1. 2. Man first learned to weld metal in order to make a larger piece of iron from several small pieces. The earliest use of welding dates back to the first use of iron as a material. A long time ago, armorers in Damascus produced welded blades for knives and swords*. Forge** welding was the first technique used in welding. In forge welding, the metal is heated and then hammered. Welding techniques were rapidly developed during World war I. Arc welding came into wide use during World War IT. Many things we use every day depend on welding for their construction. *gword = a hand weapon; similar to a knife **forge = a place where metal is heated and hammered 39¥ Vocabulary e A PLACE TO MEET Jessie's cafe is a popular meeting place for residents of e the neighborhood to gather after work. In the late afternoon, the booths are filled with laughing, talking people. They come to the cafe not only to eat and drink but also to see their friends and relax for a few minutes at the end of the day. Everyone who resides on the west side of town knows Jessie's cafe. "BRING A DISH" A host is a person who entertains guests. He may invite them to his home for food or entertainment, or he may invite guests to a restaurant or theater and pay the bill. A woman who entertains guests is usually called a hostess. A popular way to entertain informally is to have a covered- dish supper. The host may ask one person to prepare and bring a vegetable, another person to bring a salad, another person to bring a dessert, and so on. Or the host may not specify what each person should bring, but take “potluck"--1et each person bring whatever he or she wants. Then everyone shares the food that has been prepared. @ j Having a covered-dish supper is an easy way to entertain. 40e@ y Vocabulary A MIXTURE OF WORDS Look at each sentence. Then look up and say the sentence. 1. 2. 10. Mark and Mary will announce their engagement to marry on Friday. Their wedding will be in June. Part of the work was done this week; the balance of the job will be completed next week. Most people believe world peace depends on a balance of power among the stronger nations. Martin is teaching his daughter to fly. He wants to pass on his skill as a pilot. Bad weather will complicate our travel plans. A cow is not a wild animal, but a deer is. There is a close relation between proper diet and good health. If you want to draw everyone's attention, yell "Fire!" in a crowded room. Jack decided to quit his job and go back to college. He's ready to get on with his education. Some vegetables have a better flavor when they are cooked, and some taste better raw. aLSUBSTITUTE Read each sentence. Part of it will be underlined. Find a word in the box below that means the same as the underlined word or words. (You may have to change the form of the word.) announce balance torch flavor reside EXAMPLE: huge 10. 1. tubing booth relation cafe neighborhood —_ tunnel get on with Pass on complicate alcohol Fred's hands are very big. My parents live in an apartment above a cafe. Mr. Rogers lives in my area. His apartment is near mine. What is the connection between time and money? Alan reads the news and plays music tapes on the radio. The same organic chemical compound is used in both rocket fuel and perfume. Narrow copper pipes make the safest carriers for water. Public telephones are sometimes in a private, enclosed space. They built a long passageway through the mountain for the high- way. This soup has a wonderful taste. The restaurant in the hotel closes at 10:00 p.m. A portable burner and a mask are necessary welding equipment. 4212. I can't write a check because I'm not sure of the amount that remains in my checking account. 13. Once the rain stops, they can continue the ball game. 14. The major made the instructions more compli 15. Please give the information to the other members of your team. q Vocabulary A PLACE FOR ANIMALS Repeat the underlined words. Then read the paragraphs. Many of the wild animals that live in the wilderness are in danger of disappearing because they must compete with people for a place to live. As the population of the earth multiplies, people are spreading into more and more areas that have never been occupied before. Many people are working to preserve the wilderness areas of the earth. They are trying to save what is left of our natural environment. 43In the southwestern United States, a retired rancher has established a preserve for wild animals thet are close relatives of the domestic horse. On 6,000 acres of private land, he raises zebras and similar wild animals from Africa and Mongolia. The animals are safe there. The ranch owner and his workers use modern technology to increase the size of the herd* of the wild animals in his preserve. Closed-circuit TV, computers, and biological techniques to increase the number of animals are an everyday part of the activities at the ranch. ¥herd = @ group of cattle, sheep, horses, etc. SHIP BUILDING Repeat the words after your instructor. Then read the sentences. 1, Modern ships are built in large segments. These large parts are later welded together. 2. For example, all of the parts in connection with the bow may be put together in subsections which are then welded together to form the bow. + This makes it possible for the workers to get on with the job under a roof, protected from the weather. A RARE DISEASE Repeat the words after your instructor. Then read the dialog. A: Why is Jenny in the hospital? B: The poor child has a rare disease. Dr. Stone said he'd only seen one or two other cases. A: She must be very ill. B: Yes, but she's been so brave. She never cries or complains. A: Didn't she have the measles first? B: Yes, the second infection was a complication of measles. Her brother has been reading to her every afternoon to distract her from thinking about how sick she feels. 44FILL THE BLANKS @ Complete the sentences using words from the box. 10. 1. 12. rare courage segment welded drawing host tin preserve brave distract wilderness specify Please which size table you need for your compute’ The new movie at the Tivoli is huge crowds. The Park Service is fighting to the environment of rare and endangered birds that live in our national parks. The rockets used to launch space vehicles are together from pieces. is used in many alloys, including brass and bronze. Which of this graph stands for agricultural products? Who is the at this party? That's a type of automobile. There are only a few 1ike it. It takes to face combat under enemy gunfire. The students went for a walk in the and got lost for three days. It is hard to Bob from his work when he is concentrating. A strong person is in the face of danger. 45Reading sxu[> e ‘THE PILGRIMS Read the paragraph silently and then complete each blank with an appropriate connective listed in the box. however finally at first besides later Life for the Pilgrims* was very difficult when they arrived in Cape Cod, Massachusetts in December 1620. they had many obstacles to overcome; they were 2 brave, courageous, and were determined to settle in the area. building their own homes, they had to grow enough e@ 3 food in order to survive. , they were able to a raise different types of crops with the help of the Indians. , at the end of a year, they were happy that they 5 had friends, homes, and enough food. To celebrate this, they had a big dinner: the first Thanksgiving. ** *pilgrims - English colonists settling in Massachusetts in 1620. They later named their colony Plymouth. **Thanksgiving - A United States holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. 46@ © Grammar GO + GERUND 47NEXT TIME, JUST GO WALKING! e Read these dialogs. They contain examples of go + verb-ing. Mary: Ruth: How was your vacation? It was great! I spent a week at a horse farm in Kentucky. I went riding every morning, in the afternoons I would go walking in the woods, and at night I went dancing. e@ Sounds like you had a good time. Are you ready to go back to work? No, I need another week to rest! 48FILL THE BLANKS @ Complete the sentences using words from the box. 10. a. 12. rare courage segment welded drawing host tin preserve brave distract wilderness specify which size table you need for your The new movie at the Tivoli is huge crowds. The Park Service is fighting to the environment of rare and endangered birds that live in our national parks. The rockets used to launch space vehicles are together from pieces. 4s used in many alloys, including brass and bronze. Which of this graph stands for agricultural products? Who is the at this party? That's a type of automobile. There are only a few like it. It takes to face combat under enemy gunfire. The students went for a walk in the and got lost for three days. It is hard to Bob from his work when he is concentrating. A strong person is in the face of danger. 45Reading ski [> Se THE PILGRIMS Read the paragraph silently and then complete each blank with an appropriate connective listed in the box. however finally at first besides later Life for the Pilgrims* was very difficult when they arrived in Cape Cod, Massachusetts in December 1620. T they had many obstacles to overcome; they were 2 brave, courageous, and were determined to settle in the area. building their own homes, they had to grow enough e@ 3 food in order to survive. , they were able to a raise different types of crops with the help of the Indians. , at the end of a year, they were happy that they 5 had friends, homes, and enough food. To celebrate this, they had a big dinner: the first Thanksgiving. ** *pilgrims - English colonists settling in Massachusetts in 1620. They later named their colony Plymouth. **Thanksgiving - A United States holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. 46Beth: Sarat Beth: George: Joe: what happened? I had a little accident. I went jogging on a wet street and fell and broke my leg. Next time, just go walking! Congratulations on your retirement. How will you spend your time? I love the ocean, and I want to spend all my time going sailing. 49WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO DO FOR FUN? e Complete each sentence by using the correct form of go + verb- ing. EXAMPLE: My parents enjoy being outdoors in the fresh air. They __go walking _ in the park every weekend. walk Mary loves to buy clothes! She's planning to spend the day at the mall, She likes to . ‘shop Chris and his friends are going to the lake to hunt ducks. They : hunt Suzanne is planning a trip to Paris. She wants to see the Eiffel Tower and the Seine. She . signtsee Mike wants adventure and excitement in the outdoors. He dreams of in the Rockies. mountain climb Beth loves to buy clothes, but this month she's broke. She can only until payday. “window shop Sam is going to start an exercise program, but since he's not in good shape, he's going to start slowly by every day. walk Bob and Sheila enjoy music and the latest dances. Almost every Saturday night, they . dance To prepare for the race next month, Ann every day. run 50LET'S GO SHOPPING. Answer these questions about activities. Use expressions with go + verb-ing in your answers. EXAMPLES: Sl: Mom and Dad bought new jogging shoes and plan to use them this weekend. “What will they do? $2: They'll go jogging. Sl: Mom invited our neighbors for a barbecue in our backyard. She needed to buy groceries. What did she do? 82: She went shopping. 1. Matt loves the feel of the wind on his face and the smell of the ocean air as he moves through the water. What do you think he likes to do? 2. John likes adventure and a sense of danger. Mt Everest is his goal. What does he want to do?. 3. Bob and Sheila are planning a picnic. They need to buy hot dogs, potato chips, mustard, and paper plates before they can go. What do they have to do before they can go on the picnic? 4. While they were in New York, Paul and Kim saw the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, Wall Street, and Times Square. What did they do while they were in New York? 515. Suzanne is a typical teenager. She loves to buy lots of clothes, jewelry, books, and tapes. What will she probably do on Saturday? 6. George wishes that he had been born in pioneer times. He would have eaten only what he could have caught or shot. What would he have done to get food? Reading Skill D Read the title, first and last paragraphs, and the topic (first) sentence of each remaining paragraph. Your teacher will tell you when to begin and end. Then answer the questions. A PLACE FOR ALI. SEASONS One of the most popular U. S. wildlife parks is The Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge* located on Maryland's Eastern shore, less than two hours from the Washington-Baltimore area. Of the 340 wildlife refuge parks in the United States, this is one of the most visited. It offers relief from the city's atmosphere. Fields and woods replace the city's concrete and steel, and animal sounds replace the noise of city traffic. At the visitor center, exhibits indicate the wildlife groups common to the refuge, and visitors often watch wildlife performances through large windows at the rear of the center. They can see geese** flying in the sky and gracefully landing upon the man-made lakes constructed for them.. The refuge has an abundance of all types of birds year round. This is because many of them move from place to place several times a year. From the center, visitors can teke either a driving tour or a walking tour through the refuge. If visitors choose not to take the tours, they can view the whole refuge from an observation tower. An enjoyable activity is a leisurely walk through sections of a mixed pine-hardwood forest where small animals, deer and birds happily work and play. Upon leaving the refuge, people are thankful that areas like these are preserved for the enjoyment of people and for the protection of animals. *refuge - a Shelter, home, or some kind of protection *#geese - waterfowls similar to swans and ducks 52How many national wildlife refuges are there in the United States? Based on the information, why do you think many people visit the refuge? What tells the visitors what kind of animals may be seen at the refuge? What types of tours are visitors able to take? 53oO Grammar @ ADJECTIVE AND PREPOSITION COMBINATIONSARE YOU TIRED OF STUDYING? Read these sentences. They contain adjective - preposition combinations. 1. Let's go jogging. I'm bored with watching television. 2. Don't eat so much candy! It's bad for your teeth. 3. Does anyone know where Paul is? He's been absent from class all week. 4. During the holidays the stores are crowded with shoppers. 5. I need to take a nap. I'm exhausted from studying a11 morning. 6. The jury declared the man innocent of stealing the money. 7. Let me do it! I'm capable of changing a tire. 8. You should take some classes at the university this fall. What subjects are you interested in? 9. Please change the channel. That program isn't appropriate for children. 10. Calm down! What are you so upset about? 56ARE YOU READY FOR A BREAK? to of at in with for about from Complete each sentence below by using the correct preposition after the adjective. EXAMPLES: I'm not sleepy. I'm accustomed to staying up late. After eating in the mess hall, I'm hungry for my mother's cooking. My grandmother always travels by car because she's afraid flying. Robert tries very hard, but his boss is always critical his work. She's such a good teacher, and she's so patient the students. The children are exhausted Playing outside all morning. After lunch, they'll need a nap. Sgt Allen's responsible locking the building at night. I'm so tired eating chicken and rice. Let's order a pizza. I'm really angry my students. They wouldn't pay attention in class today. It's so hot and dry! I'm thirsty a big glass of cold water. Thank you very much. I'm grateful your help. What a nice smile! what are you so happy 2 American football isn't similar soccer. 87HE'LL BE A GOOD SECRETARY. HE'S GOOD AT TYPING. e@ Compiete the sentences using the correct preposition plus noun or gerund form after the adjective. EXAMPLES: I'm so excited about going on my vacation! (go) The airport was crowded with travelers. (travelers) 1. The clerk was instructed to be polite . (customers) 2. The instructions weren't clear . (students) 3. Suzanne hasn't packed her suitcases. She's not prepared (trip) 4. Don't give up! You're capable English. (learn) 5. I think I'm lost. I'm not familiar . e@ (streets) 6. The weather there is extremely hot. Coats, sweaters, and gloves are not appropriate . Telimate) 7. I'm afraid seasick if I travel by ship. (get) 8. The party is Friday, but I'm not sure . (time) + Function WHAT DO YOU LIKE? Read the dialogs. Notice the different ways we can ask about and express likes and dislikes. 1. Andy: What would you like for breakfast? Bill: Nothing, thanks. I dot like to eat breakfast. e 58John: Mary? John: Art: Fred: Art: Fred: Alan: Burt: Art: Bob: Ann: Fred: Ted: Sue: Phil: Mark: Do you like to walk? Yes, I enjoy walking a lot, but I dislike being honked at by passing motorists. Then let's walk together. No one will honk at me. Do you like to swim? I've never learned to. I'd like to teach you how. Thenks, I'd like that. If there's one thing I hate, it's rude drivers on the highway. They just bring out the worst in me. Something I dislike even more than that is people who talk during a movie. Do you like to travel? Yes, I love to. I spend most of my extra cash going places. Fred, come over here and tell me which dress to buy. I can't decide which one I like. I kind of like the blue striped one. Would you like to go see a comedy today? I_don't care for comedies. I'd like to spend a quiet afternoon at home. What do you like to do in your free time? I like to go fishing with my family. 59Look at the chart below. activities of people. from the chart. WHAT DO THEY LIKE? It lists the favorite foods, Then complete the sentences with information sports, Name Foods Sports Activities carol pizza’ tennis go fishing Julie tacos* golf go walking Linda hamburgers swimming go mountain climbing Peter hot dogs football go camping David steak baseball go sailing James chicken volleyball go hunting “pizza = a popular Italian dish *tacos = a popular Mexican dish 1. Carol likes 2. Julie likes 3. Linda likes 4. Peter likes 5. games likes to play She doesn't like and She doesn’t like to play She doesn’t like . He doesn’t like He doesn’t like 60CAN YOU TELL ME? Look at the chart again. Ask another student a question with “What" about the people and their favorite foods, sports, and activities. The other student will anwer your question. Feel free to add information when you ask or answer the question. EXAMPLE: $1: What sport does James like the most? $2: He likes volleyball the most. TELL ME WHAT YOU LIKE. Now ask and answer questions about what students in the class like. One student will ask a question and another student will answer it. Use one of the cues below in either your question or answer. EXAMPLE: go hunting Sl: What do you like to do in your spare time? S2: I like to go hunting. wv Sl: What are your favorite TV programs? $2: I like to watch news shows. 1, do after class 2. eat for lunch/breakfast/dinner 3. go on vacation 4. sports 5. food 6. leisure activities 7. clothes 8. TV 9. read 10. restaurants Speaking Skill Db DIALOGS Read these dialogs with your instructor, The dialogs contain words which change syllable stress from one word form to another. 1. A: Bill thinks the food we ate at lunch was contaminated. B: I think so, too. The contamination was probably caused by excessive heat. 612. A: Have you ever studied about amplifiers? e@ B: A little. I learned how different amplifiers affect amplification. 3. A: Did the sergeant calibrate the distance to the target? B: Yes, the calibration had to be done over because the soldiers were missing the targets. 4. A: Did you read the editorial in yesterday's newspaper? B: I sure did. The editor expressed his opposition to the election. 5. A: The mechanic calculated the cost of a new engine at one- thousand dollars. B: Gee, I think his calculation is extremely high. DIALOGS e Read these dialogs with another student. The dialogs contain words which change syllable stress from one word form to another. 1. A: I enjoy reading history books. B: Me, too. I keep a record of historical events concerning my country. 2. A: Were the funds appropriated for the new buildings? B: The appropriation was approved at the last meeting. 3. A: Can you identify different types of rare plants? B: Yes, plant identification is quite easy for me. 4. A: How can we improve our environment without destroying our economy? B: Environmentalists have new solutions for preventing water pollution. 62 LS@ 5. A: Is there a limit on the amount of goods that can be exported? B: I believe that there is a limitation set by the national government. OQ Grammar SUFFIXES -AL AND -IAL Read these sentences. They contain adjectives with the -al and -ial suffixes. 1. Qs Excuse me. It wasn't my intention to be impolite. My mistake was not intentional. Dr. Thomas is participating in a scientific experiment. His laboratory is planning an experimental farm in the desert. Bill Owens has been promoted to manager of the downtown store. He's worked very hard to gain a managerial position. The general has a great deal of influence over his troops. He's @ very influential leader. My father's job helps protect the environment. He's en environmental engineer. I've been studying music since I was a child, but I still can't play an instrument well. I have very little musical ability. 63PRESIDENT - PRESIDENTIAL e Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. Underline the correct answer. 10. ‘That artist never copies the work of other artists. All her paintings are (origin, original). At this time, the new jet is not in production. It is an (experiment, experimental) model. The behavior of that child is terrible. His mother and father have no (parent, parental) control. The carpenter built an (addition, additional) room on the house. A fisherman's job can be very dangerous. Drowning can be an (occupation, occupational) hazard. It's foolish to make a (judgment, judgmental) before knowing all the facts. We've reserved a private (compartment, compartmental) on the Orient Express for our vacation. The students toured the Museum of Natural History in e Washington, D.C. It was a good (education, educational) experience. Dr. Doolittle is a world traveler. He has visited seven (continents, continental). Can you keep a secret? This information is very (confidence, confidential) 64DIMENSION - DIMENSIONAL Compiete the sentences. Use the adjective form of the underlined noun by adding the suffix -al or -ial to the noun. EXAMPL: : I just happened to see my old school friend by accident. It was an cidental __ meeting. The Martin family lives in a lovely residence in the Shady Oaks neighborhood. It's a quiet, area. Alice Miller is happy about her teaching assignment because she hasn't had the chance to put her education into practice before this time. Now, she'll get some experience in teaching. I'm sorry officer! I didn't realize that I was going the wrong direction on a one-way street. There are no one-way signs. The senator tried to use his influence to get the new bill passed. Apparently he was not as as he had thought, because the bill didn't pass. I watch my diet carefully. I have an alcoholic drink only on special occasions, and I eat only an candy bar or piece of cake. Each person in the battalion will be able to keep a few private things. These items must be kept in the wall lockers. 657. Although the rent is expensive, we're going to reserve a house at the beach for the summer. 8. The scientist has been conducting experiments for several years, but the new drug is still in the stage. Writing sku[> WRITING ASSIGNMENT The instructor will assign an object, person, or a place for you to describe. Write a description of less than 100 words for homework. Include as many details in your description as you can. Remember to begin your paragraph with a topic sentence, which will tell the reader what the paragraph is about. You can use the space below to organize your ideas before you write. NOTES AND IDEAS 66r ) + Enrichment TROUBLESOME ENGLISH Yet and Already The use of already indicates that an action is complete; that something happened before the present time. It is used in affirmative statements and questions. It's now 1900. Has John already eaten dinner? He ate dinner right after class. He has already eaten. When an affirmative question with already is used, and the stress is on already, it may be that the speaker is surprised that the action is complete and didn't expect completion so early. 1 just made the cake this morning. Have you eaten the entire cake ALREADY? It's only the fifth of the month. e Have you spent your pay ALREADY? The use of yet indicates that an action is not complete and has not happened before the present time, but may happen in the future. Yet is used in questions and negative statements. It usually occurs at the end of the sentence. It's now 1900. Has Mary eaten dinner yet? She's going to eat in a half hour. She hasn't eaten dinner yet. I made a cake this morning. We'll eat some after dinner tonight. We haven't eaten any cake yet. 67IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS e PUT ALL ONE'S EGGS IN ONE BASKET Meaning To "put all one's eggs in one basket" means to put all of your energy and resources in only one possible plan of action without leaving room for an alternative plan. Example sentences 1. Don't put all your eggs in one basket, John. Get some training in computers along with your degree in music so you will always be able to get a job. 2. I really don't want to invest all my money in one area. What if something goes wrong? I shouldn't put all my eggs in one basket. 3. Bob was really expecting to be hired by the trucking company, and when he didn't get the position, he had to start all over looking for a job. He shouldn't have put all his eggs in one basket. 68BOOK 29 LESSON 3 e SHE SAID HE WAS COMPETENT. = SB orn | (masor LEWIS SAY ABOUT THE NEW COMMANDANT? £ SHE SAID HE WAS | COMPETENT. Ee FUNCTION. Inquiring About and Reporting What Someone Else Hes Said Direct Object + To-infinitive Indirect Speech i SKILE: Captions Stress/Consonant Changes in Related Word Pairs Write Appropriate Connectives in a Paragraph ‘VOCABULARY- Verbs Other Nouns admire competent factor defy distinct foundation distinguish prime integrity encourage trustworthy morale evaluate nature exhibit outfit implement potential incorporate style outfit trait relate values Expressions Prefixes Suffixes course of action self- take action take charge (of) take it out on 69CONTENTS OF BOOK 29 LESSON 3 @ ST Page VOCABULARY: character traits 71 VOCABULARY: a plan for the future 75 VOCABULARY: prefix sel 79 READING SKILL: caption/write answer 80 READING SKILL: write the correct transition 81 GRAMMAR: review of verb + object + to-infinitive 82 GRAMMAR: review of indirect speech 86 FUNCTION: inquiring about and reporting what someone else has said 92 SPEAKING SKILLS: stress/consonant change in releted word pairs 95 ENRICHMENT 98e@ y Vocabulary WE'RE GETTING A NEW COMMANDANT. Repeat the underlined words. Then read the dialog. capt North capt Grant: Capt North: capt Grant: Capt North: Good morning, Capt Grant. Have you heard we're getting a new commandant for our school? Yes. Major Lewis told us about it briefly, but she didn't relate many details. She only mentioned that he'd take charge of the school soon. Yes, he'll take control around the first of October. Do you know much about him? Nobody's told us anything about his background. I've only heard some details about him through the grapevine*. His name's Col Truman. He's been the prime candidate for this position for quite some time because of his qualifications. as far as his background is concerned, he has an excellent foundation in technical training. He's also worked in five different countries and can speak three languages. ‘grapevine = an unofficial way of spreading news 2Capt capt Capt capt capt Capt wu competent for the job. I'm sure he's very capable. How about his personality? Have you heard anything about his character? Grant: With all that experience and skill, he sounds very e North: I've been told that he exhibits many traits that everyone admires and respects. Some of these characteristics he's shown are integrity and e generous nature; he's a very honest and helpful person. He's also trustworthy and has a high set of values. In other words, he's very reliable and has high standards for himself as well as the school he commands. Grant: He does, indeed, sound like an admirable man. I hope his style of leadership is similar to or better than the last commandant's. The morale of the school is pretty high right now. I hope Col Truman doesn't take action to change a lot of things unnecessarily, or else that will certainly lower the morale. North: In two weeks, he'll speak to the school at a special meeting. At that time, he'll introduce himself to us, and I'm sure he'll tell us what goals he has for the future of the school. Grant: 1'11 certainly be there. I'm curious and eager to e@ meet him. North: Me, too. I've heard so much about him that I want to see if he fits his description. I also want to know about his plans for us. Answer these questions about the dialog. Use the words in parentheses in your answers. lL a What are the two captains talking about? (commandant) What did Major Lewis relate about the new commandant? (take charge of) Why is Col Truman the prime candidate for the position? (prime, qualifications) What kind of background does he have? (foundation) Will he be capable in the job? (competent) r 72e@ 6. What admirable character traits does Col Truman exhibit? (integrity, nature, trustworthy, values) 7. What does Capt Grant hope that Col Truman has? (style) 8. What does Capt Grant say about the morale of the school? (morale, take action) 9. What will happen in a couple of weeks? (speak to) 10. Will both of the captains go to the meeting? (eager, plans) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. Use the correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences. foundation relate trait integrity take action values morale take charge (of) 1. We must and give first aid to the accident victim at once! 2. after the baseball team won the final game, the of the team was extremely high. 3. The of today's young people are different from mine when Iwas the same age. 4. Ron's a man of + I've never known him to tell a lie about anything. 5. Of all the she has, I think her generous nature is her best 6. Since I have no in advanced mathematics, I don't know if I can solve this problem. 7. Ken resigned, so Barbara all his assignments. 8. Why are you so late? Didn't Kay the message to you that we were starting an hour earlier? 73MATCHING. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B. Column A Column B 1. prime a. capable ____ 2. nature b. respect ___ 3. competent ©. dependable ____ 4. exhibit d. main ____ 5. admire e. demonstrate, show ___ 6. trustworthy f£. personality ____ 7. style g- manner 74y Vocabulary ‘THE NEW COMMANDANT'S SPEAKING TODAY. Repeat the underlined words. Then read the paragraphs silently. Good afternoon. For those of you who haven't met me yet, I'm Col Truman, your new commandant, and I'm very happy to be taking charge of this command. I've been in the military twenty- two years, worked in five different countries over the years, and now I'm glad to be back home in a new, challenging position. I've heard many wonderful things about this outfit--this organization is very distinct and well-known in the military, both here and abroad. I'd like to take this opportunity today to tell you my course of action for the next year. This school is doing a good job, but it has the potential to do even better. There are a lot Of special skills and abilities among you, and I know we can use them to the maximum degree to help the school. I defy anyone to tell me this can't be done. I want to motivate you, to encourage all of you to call upon your own special abilities to help improve the school and our students' progress. 75I have a list of some changes I hope to make in the next year. As you know, we evaluate our program every year to make sure we are meeting the needs of our students. One of the factors we look at is how well ovr students do when they leave here. For the most part, we are successful. However, as I mentioned earlier, there’s always room for improvement. With that in mind, I have selected a committee to review some new training materials which we will implement this fall. I’ve also talked to a few of our students, and they related to me some changes they would like to see. One of their suggestions was more hands-on-training. So, in addition to the regular classroom lectures, I want to incorporate some direct, practical experience You know, sometimes it’s hard to distinguish between two kinds of engines just by looking at a diagram. But by using working models, our students would be able to see the differences. Also, remember that just as you have different teaching styles, students are istinct in the way they learn. So we need to use a variety of teaching strategies and learning activities. nally, I'd like to outfit a new workroom complete with new computers and other equipment. Our resources man, Mr. Oakes, has figured out that we have enough money to buy four computers. I know that's not very many, but don’t take it our on him. It's not a good idea to get angry with the money man! We'll start small, and as more money becomes available, we can purchase more equipment. ‘Then we can open the room for the students to use. In closing, I’d like to thank you for all your hard work. I e look forward to maxing our training program the best in the military. Answer these questions about the paragraphs. Use the words in parentheses in your answers. 1, What has Col Truman heard about the scho distinct) 01? (outfit, 2, what's he talking about at the meeting? (course of action) 3. How is the school doing? (potential) 4. What does he say about using the instructors’ special abilities to the maximum degree? (defy) 5. Does he want to motivate the instructors? (encourage) Why do they look carefully at the program each year? (evaluate) 76@ 10. a. 12. What influences the evaluation? (factor) When will they begin using the new materials? (implement) What did the students tell the commandant? (relate) What does the commandant want to include with the lectures? (incorporate) What will make it easier for the students to tell the difference between two similar engines? (distinguish) who will equip the new teacher workroom? (outfit) CAN YOU DISTINGUISH THESE WORDS? Use the correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences. distinct factor relate encourage implement take it out on evaluate outfit (n) 1, The main _____ in determining our vacation plans will be how much money we have in the bank. 2. Mary failed her test and me because I refused to help her study. 3. We will give students tests so we can their progress. 4. ‘The state voted on a new law which will be the first of January. 5. A good teacher students to do their best. ‘They need this kind of support. 76. During World War II, my dad was in the under General Patton's command. 7. Since history and government classes are as took both in the same semester. 8. I have two assignments to finish--one from my English class and another from my math class. MATCHING Read each sentence. Then find a word in the box that has the same meaning as the underlined word(s), and write it's letter in the blank next to the sentence. a. distinct e. outfit (v) b. style f. defied ¢. course of action g. distinguish a. potential h. incorporate It's hard to tell the difference between the boys in that family because they look so much alike. Rick has the ability to make high grades in his classes, but he doesn't study hard enough. Because the operator's voice wasn't very clear, I had trouble making my overseas phone call. Which plan will we follow, A or B? Those two companies will unite because they're both having financial problems. You'll need to equip yourself with the proper supplies and clothing if you're going mountain climbing. What type of shoes do you prefer, jogging or tennis shoes? The student opposed the rules too many times, so he was expelled from school. 78@ y Vocabulary Use THE PREFIX SELF- Self- is a prefix which has the meaning “of, by, in, to, or with oneself or itself." the words in the box to complete the sentences. self-adjusting self-employed self-educated self-control self-explanatory self-propelled self-destructive self-governed self-serve Let's go to a restaurant. I'd rather get the food myself than get waited on. ‘That student doesn't have any . He misbehaves in class every day. Mark is . He doesn't work for anyone; he works for himself. Some air conditioning systems are «If you set their thermostats to automatic, they'11 turn themselves on and off when the temperature isn't right. A long time ago, many people were . They taught themselves at home because schools were not established yet, or they were located too far away. Bicycles are + They move by "people energy" rather than an engine. His actions are . If he continues to put himself in dangerous Situations, he'll harm himself. At the library, there are many books that give step-by-step instructions on how to build things from wood. Most countries in the world are . They rule themselves without outside interference. 79Reading Skill D AIR SHOW Read the caption below this photograph. Then, based on the information given in the caption, write answers to the questions. Shown after her arrival on Friday at Reese Air Force Base, Texas, an instructor pilot stands beside a T-38 aircraft which will be on display at the Air Show being held on Saturday and Sunday. 1. Where is the Air Show taking place? 80e@ 2. What day did the pilot arrive? 3. will the visitors be able to see the T-387 4. When will the Air Show take place? Reading Skill Db CONNECTIVES Read the paragraph silently and then complete each blank with an appropriate connective. There may be more than one possible connective for each blank. Paul liked working as a mechanic for the "Wright" service station, but within two weeks he began to realize that his employer, Mr. Wright, was not keeping his promises. he had promised to hire two additional mechanics, he didn't do that. , he hedn't bought the tools he had promised. Paul didn't know what to do. On the one hand, he was happy he had a job. » he thought Mr. Wright was not being fair. Mr. Wright still didn't hire the additional mechanics. » Paul told Mr. Wright he was going to look for another job. 81Oo Grammar VERB + OBJECT + TO-INFINITIVERead the following sentences. The first sentence in each group contains a noun/pronoun used as a direct object followed by a to- infinitive. The second sentence has a negative infinitive. The third sentence contains a passive construction. Many passive constructions do not require a by-prepositional phrase. 1. 10. ql. 12. The The The Her Her She Mr. teacher told the children to get on the bus. teacher told them not to spend their money. children were told to be on time. friends persuaded her to go to college. friends persuaded her not to marry him. was persuaded to continue her education. White reminded the students to bring their books to class. Mr. White reminded them not to waste time. They were reminded to complete their homework. The The ‘The sergeant ordered his men to run the obstacle course. sergeant ordered his men not to fire their weapons. men were then ordered to mop the floors. 83ADD THE TO-INFINITIVE Compiete the story by supplying the to-infinitive for the verb form in parentheses. Notice the main verb of the sentence that precedes the direct object. Before I left my home, people advised me (zemember) many things. My mother urged me not out alone at (gey night in the city. My friends reminded me to ——Wweitey them at least once a week. My brothers told me (maiiy presents home to them. My sister asked me her (buy) some jewelry. My teachers instructed me very —tstudyy hard. Finally, my father asked me not my family (forget) and my country. Everyone wants me home safely. (return) USE YOUR OWN WORDS Complete the following sentences by using a to-infinitive phrase. EXAMPLE: The coach required us The coach required us ___to bring our clothes to class. 1. The doctor asked the nurse 2. The officer warned the criminals 3. The judge permitted the lawyer 4. The child wants his father 5. He always allows his students 84e 6. The boss will hire new workers 7. They expect their friends 8. The driver required us PASSIVE VOICE Change each sentence below to the passive voice. Remember that when the sentence is in the passive voice, the to-infinitive directly follows the verb. Do not include the by-prepositional phrase in the passive construction. EXAMPLE: They forced us to leave our country. We were forced to leave our country. 1. They persuaded us to drive into the city with them. 2. My friends asked me to test the car. The police officer expected me to pull over when I saw the @ flashing red lights. He advised me not to drive so fast. 5. The officer instructed me to pay the speeding ticket. He teught me to obey the highway laws. 7. My friends urged me not to speed again. 85oe Grammar @ DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 86Change the direct speech to indirect speech. Remember to change the verb in direct speech to a past form in indirect speech. There may also be other changes in pronouns and possessive adjectives. The conjunction "that" is optional in the noun REPORTED STATEMENTS clause. EXAMPLES: Andrew said, "I am going home soon." Andrew said that he was going home soon. Bill said, "They can speak both English and French. Bill said they could speak both English and French. Tom said, "I plan a trip every year." Fred said, "I listened to a new tape last night." Linda said, "I may be absent from class tomorrow." Daisy said, "I am thinking about buying a new car." e@ Albert said, "I must cancel the lease on my apartment.” Harry said, "I can quit school and find a job." Dale said, "I've invited all my friends to a party." My mother said, "I'll order a pizza for dinner." 88REPORTED YES/NO QUESTIONS Complete each sentence by changing the direct speech to a noun clause for indirect speech. Remember to change the verb in direct speech to a past form in indirect speech and use either "{£" or "whether" to introduce the noun clause. There may also be other changes in pronouns and possessive adjectives. EXAMPLES: "Do you want to go downtown?” Doug asked me if I wanted to go downtown. "Do you understand the question?” The instructor asked me whether I understood the question. 1. "Do you want mustard on your hamburger?" The waitress asked me . "Must I go to class next Friday?” Sue asked me “Axe you waiting for the plane to arrive?" Bob wanted to know . "Can John write with his left hand?” Grace asked me 5. "Is Bill going to see a movie tonight?" She wanted to know - "Will Carol be home in time for dinner?" Nancy wanted to know . 7. “Did Jerry sell his car to his brother?" Bob asked + 8. "Is the post office near here?" Dave wanted to know . 89REPORTED QUESTION WORD-QUESTIONS e Complete each sentence by changing the direct speech to a noun clause for indirect speech. Remember to change the verb in direct speech to a past form in indirect speech and use the question-word to introduce the noun clause. There may also be changes in pronouns and possessive adjectives. EXAMPLE: “When do you arrive at work?" He wanted to know when I arrived at work. 1. "What are you thinking about?" He asked me . 2. "Where do you want to eat dinner tonight?" My husband asked me ‘ 3. "Who needs the travel information? The travel agent asked . 4, "When does your first class begin?" He wanted to know . 5. “Why are you wearing a suit and a tie?” My friend asked . 6. “Where do you usually travel during the summer?" A friend wanted to know . 7. “what did the instructor say?" The student asked . 8. “What is your address and phone number?" The clerk wanted to know . 90REVIEW OF REPORTED QUESTIONS Student A will ask Student B a question. Student B will respond to Student A's question with "He/She asked me ...." and will complete it with a noun clause. Use a past form of the verb when you report the question. EXAMPLE: “Can you speak French?" Student A: "Can you speek French?" Student B: He/She asked me if I could speak French. “How are you?" Student A: "How are you?" Student B: He/She asked me how I was. 1, "Where did you go to college?" 2. “Have you seen my new coat?" 3. “What are you doing tonight?" 4. “Are you waiting for someone?" 5. “What type of movie do you enjoy watching?" 6. "When do you take inventory of your equipment?” 7. “Why are you studying to be a doctor?” 8. “Did you listen to the tapes in lab?” 91tk Function @ ASKING AND REPORTING WHAT SOMEONE HAS SAID. Read the following dialogs. They contain examples of asking about and reporting what someone else has said. 1. Lt Jones: I don't want to attend the meeting today. Molly? Henry: Larry: (later) What did Lt Jones say? He said he didn't want to attend the meeting today. Are they taking action on the problems in the lab? (eter) Did she ask you something about the lab? e Yes, she asked me if they were taking action on the problems occurring there. Mr. Flint: You have to implement the new rule immediately. (later) Mr. Green: Did Mr. Flint tell you anything about the new rule? Mr. Lopez: Yes, he told me I had to implement it at once. Gina: Mark: Dave: Has your son ever defied any of his teachers? (later) What did Gina ask you? She asked whether my son had ever defied any of his teachers. 92COULD YOU TELL ME WHAT HE SAID? Read the situations and answer the questions about what someone has said. 1. You're at a meeting where the commandant is speaking. Commandant: "The new classroom policies will be implemented starting next week." What did the commandant say about the new policies? You're in a store when the following announcement is made: Speaker: "Attention. There is a gas leak in the building, and everyone must leave immediately.” What did the speaker announce? You're in a restaurant, and the waiter comes back to the table to ask something. Waiter: "Do you want French fries?" What did the waiter ask you? You're watching the news report on TV. Reporter: "There was a three-car accident on Highway 5 this morning, and one person was killed." What did the reporter say? You're listening to the weather report on the radio. Weatherman: "Due to the snowstorm, no one cen travel across the Harris Street Bridge." What did the weatherman say? You receive a phone call from Lander's Department Store. Caller: "I'm calling from Lander's Department Store. Did you order a sofa through our furniture department?” What did the caller ask you? 937. You're at the dispensary to take an X-ray. e Technician: “You must fill out this form before you can take the X-ray." What did the technician tell you? 8. You're on a plane, and the captain makes the following announcement: Captain: "We will be reaching our destination in about 20 minutes." What did the captain announce? WHAT DID THE COMMANDANT SAY? Now go back to page 75 at the beginning of this lesson and reread "The New Commandant's Speaking Today.” Then answer your instructor's questions. EXAMPLE: How long did the Commandant say he's been in the military? e He said he had been in the military twenty-two years. WHAT DID HE TELL YOU? One student will make a statement to a second student about a topic from the list below. The second student will ask a third student what the first student said. The third student will then answer the question. EXAMPLE: travel Student 1: 1I'11 travel to my next base in January. Student 2: What did he say about his next base? Student 3: He said he would travel to his next base in January. 1. food 2. sports 3. transportation 4. money 5. goals 6. music e 94