7 F.A.

Q EXAMPLES - BIOLOGY F5 CHAPTER 1 (TRANSPORT)

1. Explain the reason a human require a transport system compared to Amoeba
sp. which doesnt (4m)

2. Compare the SA node & AV node in human heart (3m)

SA Node
AV Node

3. State 2 similarities & 2 differences between these cells (4m)

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes

4. Describe how the interstitial fluid is formed & its features, & its importance to
the human body (5m)

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7 F.A.Q EXAMPLES - BIOLOGY F5 CHAPTER 1 (TRANSPORT)

5. Describe the phagocytosis process by a leucocyte. (5m)

6. Ali is traveling to a developing country. His physician advised him to get

vaccination. Describe the features of vaccination & its importance to Alis
immune system. (5m)

7. A man is infected by HIV which causes AIDS. Explain how the HIV weaken
his immune system. (5m)

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7 F.A.Q EXAMPLES - BIOLOGY F5 CHAPTER 1 (TRANSPORT)

Answers:
1. Human is a multicellular organism while Ameoba is a unicellular
organism.
Thus, human has bigger size and volume compared to Amoeba.
Ultimately, this causes human to have lower total surface area to
volume ratio compared to Ameoba.
It means that human has lower surface area available for diffusion of
substances such as gas, nutrients, & waste products.

2.
SA Node
Located in left atrium

AV Node
Located between atria & ventricles

Generate impulse, hence known as Receive impulse from SA Node

the pacemaker
Causes atria to contract

Causes ventricles to contract

3.
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Both are categorized as leucocytes (white blood cells)
Both are involved in bodys immune system
It is produced in bone marrow

It is produced in lymph nodes

Its
function
is
to
conduct Its function is to produced antibody
phagocytosis on pathogens
to combat the pathogens

4. High blood pressure in artery causes the blood plasma to leak out via
the capillary walls.
This fluid will fill the space between cells, hence it is called interstitial
fluid.
This fluid has all substances from blood plasma such as water,
nutrients, waste products, & gases.
However, it doesnt have red blood cells, plasma proteins, & platelet
as they are too large to leak out.

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7 F.A.Q EXAMPLES - BIOLOGY F5 CHAPTER 1 (TRANSPORT)

This fluids importance is to help substances diffusion in & out of cell.
This can be proved by useful substances like nutrients diffuse from
interstitial fluid into the cell & waste products diffuse out from the cell
into the interstitial fluid.

5. Firstly, the leucocyte engulf the pathogens by extending the

pseudopodia.
Then, the engulfed pathogen will form a phagosome.
This phagosome will fuse with lysosome, forming phagolysosome.
Digestive enzymes are secreted, killing & digesting the pathogen.
Finally the nutrients from the digested pathogen is absorbed & the
undigested product will be released out of the leucocyte.

6. Vaccination is a process of gaining immunity via injection of vaccine.

Vaccination is given before the infection, in other words, vaccination is
a preventive approach to disease.
Vaccination causes the individual to gain artificial active immunity,
which the body is stimulated to produce antibody after receiving
vaccine injection.
Hence, the individual will achieve immunity against diseases, albeit it
is slow to act.
However, once achieving immunity, the effect is long-lasting,
sometimes for a lifetime.

7. HIV will infiltrate the lymphocyte called helper T-cells.

Then, HIV conducts DNA replication inside the cell, producing more
HIVs.
Then, HIVs burst out, destroying the lymphocyte.
As a result, the new HIVs will infect other helper T-cells.
The cycle continues, destroying more cells, and effectively weaken the
immune system.

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