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State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
c
Department of Biomedical Polymers and Artificial Organs, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
b
article info
abstract
Article history:
Objective: To repair the demineralized enamel by biomimetic method, and the effect of Poly
Keywords:
Design: PAMAM dendrimers were synthesized step by step following the classical method
Dental caries
and modified with the carboxylic acid groups (COOH) on the surface. Demineralized human
Biomimetic mineralization
enamel samples were immersed in 10,000 ppm PAMAM-COOH solution for 30 min and then
Human enamel
in calcium phosphorous solution with or without fluoride under near-clinical conditions for
PAMAM
Remineralization
tion as the control group. After the immersion, the micro structure, morphology and
composition of the regrown crystals on the longitudinal and transversal enamel surfaces
were investigated by SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results were compared with etched enamel
and intact enamel.
Results: With the PAMAM-COOH templates, well-arranged rod-like crystals were formed
and they were parallel to the long axis of enamel crystals, which was more obvious on the
longitudinal enamel surface. Otherwise, irregular flake-like crystals were obtained without
PAMAM-COOH. Fluorapatite was not influenced by the PAMAM-COOH but its specific
distribution also shown the patterns of the PAMAM-COOH temples XRD spectra showed
that the main phase of the obtained crystals with PAMAM-COOH was hydroxyapatite and
their morphology and structure were close to the intact enamel. Amide I band and two
bands of methylene groups of PAMAM-COOH detected by FTIR demonstrated the presence
of PAMAM-COOH within the biomimetic coating.
Conclusions: It was concluded that PAMAM-COOH can play as the organic template on the
demineralized enamel surface to induce the formation of HAP crystals with the same
structure, orientation and mineral phase of the intact enamel in relatively short time.
# 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1.
Introduction
* Corresponding author at: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, No. 14, Unit 3,
Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu City 610041, Sichuan Province, China. Tel.: +86 28 85501439; fax: +86 28 85582167.
E-mail addresses: jiyao_li@yahoo.com, chenliang0125@gmail.com (J. Li).
00039969/$ see front matter # 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.03.008
976
2.
2.1.
PAMAM synthesis
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
Mineralization solution
2.5.
Characterization
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3.
Results
Fig. 1 SEM images of the enamel surface after acidic etching (A). SEM images of crystals grown on acid-etched enamel for
20 h at 37 8C in HEPES-buffered calcium phosphate solution without the PAMAM-COOH template and fluoride (B), with
1 ppm sodium fluoride (C), with the PAMAM-COOH template (D), and with both 1 ppm sodium fluoride and the PAMAMCOOH template (E) (Group 1 for transversal surface and Group 2 for longitudinal surface).
978
4.
Discussion
5.
Conclusions
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Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
81170958 and 51073102).
Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of
Higher Education (20100181110056).
Competing interest
The authors do not have any possible conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81170958 and 51073102) and
the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of
Higher Education (Grant No. 20100181110056).
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