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Abstract
Innovation is realization of a novel change for an organization and its surrounding. Federations in
Turkey are technical entities regulating, managing, teaching the activities in the sport branches respectively in
accordance with the international codes and regulations, spreading such activities to the country and ensuring
representation thereof outside the country. In our study conducted based on the foregoing ideas, it is aimed at
review of analysis of the sport federations in Turkey on innovation management.
The population of the research is the sport federations conducting operations in Turkey actively, the
sample selected for the survey is 130 managers and 325 employees in sport federations.
In the survey 2 questionnaires Innovation Environment Survey in Entities and Corporate
Innovation Performance Questionnaire applied to public and private entities developed by Mr. Elci (2008) are
used. As a result of validity reality studies of innovation environment survey in entities filled by the employees,
the results obtained: Cronbach Alfa 0,897,KMO 0,77 , Barlet Test Result Chi-Square Approach 5346,74
Internal reliability 0,05.
According to the results of the study, none of the managers responded affirmatively to the question
Did your Federation conclude the followings in 2009 and 2010 of the process innovation environment survey
in the entities according to the federation managers of the sport federations in Turkey. They stated that no study
is conducted for service and process in the federations. (Table 4-5).
Findings on lack of innovation in federations indicate that they are not open for improvement and it is
difficult for them to advance. It is believed that such difficulties may be overcome with education and training.
Key Words: Innovation, Management, Sport Management, Sport Federations
1998). In the simplest definition, innovation is to develop
and apply different and new ideas. Such ideas may be
developed to solve the problems never solved before or meet
the needs never met before. Or it may aim at making an
existing product or service more beautiful, more usable or
more available for use by people (Anonym, 2009).
Innovation Types: Innovation may be realized in
the products, services, production, distribution methods,
work conduct methods, design and marketing methods.
Although it will change from the entity to entity, innovation
types may be summarized as following in order to indicate
the characteristics of the innovation process.
Product Innovation: Development of a different
and novel product or any change or novelty in products for
offering the products to the market shall be named as
product innovation. Development of a different, novel
INTRODUCTION
The fact that sport as a social institution has a
structure gradually growing every day within economic and
cultural organizations has made revaluation of this social
phenomenon considering the changing economic and social
conditions of the world (Talimciler, 2002). Management
approaches gaining more complex structures in the sport
everyday are to be planned and reviewed in compliance with
the sport clubs management by using the contemporary
management methods pursuant to the general management
logic. In close review of innovation management having
gained significant importance in recent years, it is seen that
it contains information and findings which may be applied
on sport management (Devecioglu, 2008).
Innovation: Innovation is realization of a novel
change for an organization and its surrounding" (Drucker,
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Table 1. Quantitative Distribution of the Age and Working Periods by Gender of the Persons included in the
Study
Individuals (N,%)
Age(Average+ SD)
Work Duration
(Average+ SD)
Female
172(%52,9)
31,495,89
4,502,28
Male
153(%47,1)
35,036,41
5,141,88
Total
325(%100)
33,156,38
4,802,12
Table 2. Quantitative Distributions of Education Status Variable by Gender of the Persons included in the Study
Education
Primary and
Vocational
Secondary High
Higher
School
School
Education
University
Total
Gender
Female N
14
15
130
13
172
Line%
8,1%
8,7%
75,6%
7,6%
100,0%
Gender
Column %
50,0%
88,2%
55,8%
27,7%
52,9%
Education
Male
N
14
2
103
34
153
Line% Gender
9,2%
1,3%
67,3%
22,2%
100,0%
Column %
50,0%
11,8%
44,2%
72,3%
47,1%
Education
Total
N
28
17
233
47
325
Line%
8,6%
5,2%
71,7%
14,5%
100,0%
Gender
16
Gender
Female
Male
Total
Education
Primary and
Secondary
School
14
8,1%
High
School
15
8,7%
Vocational
Higher
Education
130
75,6%
University
13
7,6%
Total
172
100,0%
N
Line%
Gender
Column %
50,0%
88,2%
55,8%
27,7%
52,9%
Education
N
14
2
103
34
153
Line% Gender
9,2%
1,3%
67,3%
22,2%
100,0%
Column %
50,0%
11,8%
44,2%
72,3%
47,1%
Education
N
28
17
233
47
325
Line%
8,6%
5,2%
71,7%
14,5%
100,0%
Gender
Column %
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
Education
Table 3. Results for Explaining that Likert Type Questions of Innovation Performance in the Entities of the Employees of
the Sport Federations in Turkey Survey are linked with the Factor Groups
Observational
Variables
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
Factor 1
,698
,769
,806
,748
Components
Factor 3
Factor 2
Factor 4
,459
,424
Factor 5
,401
,489
,801
,488
,633
,527
,429
,752
,807
,457
,547
,859
,620
,478
,498
,856
,863
,915
,536
,681
17
-,437
,450
L19
L20
,762
,771
In the light of such data, we may indicate the groups containing each of the factors in the Table 8, by using the rotated
loading matrix (Subtraction Method: Fundamental components Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax)
Consequently, the following loading results are obtained: Factor 1: L1, L2, L3, L4, L6, and L8; Factor 2; L10, L11, L12,
L18, L19, and L20; Factor 3: L13, L14, L15, L16, and L17; Factor 4: L9; and Factor 5: L5 and L7.
Table 4. Frequency Results of the question Did your Federation conclude the followings in 2009 and 2010 of the
process innovation environment survey in the entities according to the federation managers of the sport federations in
Turkey.
Development of a new or significantly improved product/
service, process or production method
Yes
No
Total
N
100
30
130
%
76,9
23,1
100,0
130
100,0
130
100,0
None of the managers working for the entities responded as yes to this question. It was stated that no study is conducted
in the federations related to process innovation.
Table 5. Frequency Results of the question Did your Federation conclude the following innovation activities in
2009 and 2010? of the process innovation environment survey in the entities according to the federation managers of the
sport federations in Turkey.
Outsourced R&D service procurements
Observation
Yes
No
Total
30
100
130
23,1
76,9
100,0
N
100
30
%
76,9
23,1
18
Total
130
100,0
N
130
%
100,0
Innovation Education
No
N
130
%
100,0
N
30
100
130
N
%
23,1
76,9
100,0
%
61
69
130
46,9
53,1
100,0
N
130
%
100,0
N
104
26
130
%
80,0
20,0
100,0
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings on lack of innovation in federations indicate
that they are not open for improvement and it is difficult for
them to advance. In order to change such difficulty and the
prejudices;
Innovation education seminars are to be used in
each federation
The incomplete sides of each federation should be
found out by using the innovation scales, and
solutions are to be sought in order to eliminate
such incompleteness.
The entity should allow all employees to use right
to speak and should be open for new ideas.
The entity should apply new ideas and should use
other entities in the applicable areas of operations.
The entity should provide with in-house trainings to
its employees continuously for introducing
novelties to them and educating them on novelties.
R&D innovation units are to be established, all
novelties in the world are to be known
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