A.

Research methodology
a. Research design
According to the research purpose and research questions, the writer will apply
qualitative research . Qualitative research concerns with process and tend to analyze and
interpret of comprehensive visual data than number to know what their participants do in this
study (Fraenkel and Wallen, 2007, p. 423).
In this study, the writer will employ naturalistic qualitative research design, which
means that the writer did not manipulate the classroom activities. This means that the
qualitative researcher did not attempt to manipulate the phenomenon in the classroom
activities. Therefore, this study focused on the observation, including identifying and
describing the implementation of CALL in improving students reading comprehension.
Creswell (2008) then, has identified five variety of the qualitative research including case
study (Creswell, 2008, p. 10). In the research, the writer used case study as the research
design because this study was carried out the detailed description of the case. Fraenkel and
Wallen (2007, p. 430) say that what case study researchers have in commons is that they call
the object of their research cases, and they focus their research on the study of such cases.
Case in this term comprises just one individual, classroom, school, or program. That is why
the writer chooses case study as the research designed.
Firstly, case study focuses on individual, classroom, school, or program; and this
study focused on the case which teachers implement CALL in improving students reading
comprehension. Secondly, case study is very valuable and generates deep rich data of a major
investigation from one phenomenon that was being an object of the study. This research
design gives the opportunity to investigate more the learning process in English reading class.
The last, case study is relevant with the phenomenon or case that could not be manipulated.
Thus, this study will focus on the teachers implementation of CALL in improving students
reading comprehension.

b. Population and sample

The participants of this study will be all English teachers and all of students of SMP N
8 Ciamis that consisted of two hundred and seventy four students. According to Fraenkel and
Wallen (2007, p. 92), A sample in research study is the group on which information is
obtained. The larger group to which one hopes to apply the results is called population.
This study will use purposive sampling as a sampling technique. In the purposive
sampling as pointed by Creswell (2008, p. 14), .the researchers intentionally select
individuals and sites to learn or understand the central phenomenon. Therefore, the writer
will take one class of the ninth grade students and one English teacher as a sample of the
study. In determining the sample, the writer will apply purposive sampling. By applying the
purposive sampling, the writer can determine some individuals of population as
representative sample in order to focus on teachers ways in improving students reading
comprehension.
The writer believes that at the ninth grade of junior high school, reading is more
important than another grade. Furthermore, the writer will choose the teacher based on her
good experience in teaching English and based on the reason that she was an English teacher
of the ninth grade at the school. So, it will give more opportunities to investigate the main
focus of this study that is the implementation of CALL to improve students reading
comprehension. Thus, it will be very suitable to do the observation.
c. Research site
This research will be conducted in one of Junior High Schools in Ciamis regency,
West Java. There are several reasons why the writer will choose this school as the research
site. Firstly, the familiarity of the school situation will help the writer conduct the research at
this school effectively. Secondly, from the writers view, this school is relevant with the topic

that the writer intends to investigate; in this case, this school facilitates their students and
teacher in teaching English as well.
d. Research procedures
The writer will follow several procedures in conducting the study.

It is obvious that

in conducting the study, procedural steps are very important to consider. Overall, data will be
collected through the following steps.
Firstly, in collecting the data, the writer will divide the study into two steps. The first
step is observation. The observation will be conducted at the beginning of the study before
conducting the interview to the teachers. The observation is the activities in the teaching and
learning process of teaching reading through using CALL conducted by two teachers. The
second step is conducting the interview to the two English teachers. The interview will be
conducted after the observation. Interview will give the writer the information about the
teachers understanding of implementing CALL in improving students reading
comprehension.
Finally, the data obtained from the observation and the interviews will be analyzed by
generalizing and interpreting the data. Furthermore, the writer will draw some conclusions
and give suggestions based on the results of the study.
e. Research instruments
In conducting the study, the writer will use two instruments as the data collecting
technique. The instruments are needed to provide and to gather the information of what being
happened through the study. There are two instruments that will be used by the writer in
conducting the study: observation and interview.
1) Observation
In obtaining the data, the writer will conduct a classroom observation to know and
investigate how the teachers implement CALL to improve students reading comprehension.

The writer will use a digital camera to videotape and record the classroom activities being
observed. According to Fraenkel and Wallen (2007, p. 440), certain kinds of research
questions can be best answered by observing how people act or how things look. In this
case, the writer will do the observation to discover the steps of implementing CALL in
improving students reading comprehension.
In this study, the writer is a non-participant; the writer will not participate in the
activity being observed but just record the all activities of teaching reading in the classroom.
The observation will be conducted in naturalistic setting where the writer does not manipulate
the activities of individuals being observed, but simply observes and records all activities
happened in the classroom naturally. This is aimed at getting the real holistic data being
observed.
2) Interview
In collecting the data, the writer also gather the data by means of interview to English
teacher. Interview in qualitative research has advantages to provide the detail useful
information and to elicit the information that has been gathered while conducting observation
(Creswell, 2008, p. 226). Respondents are allowed to express more about their attitude,
opinions, and what they think or how they feel about the topic being research that cannot be
directly observed.
In this study, the writer will use semi-structured interview because the writer wants to
know the specific information and get many inputs from the teachers response. Besides,
interviews are applied to validate the data gathered in observation. The writer uses more than
one instrument because the writer wants to get more detailed and valid data in order to
discover how teachers implement CALL in improving students reading comprehension.
f. Data analysis technique
1) Classroom observation

The data analysis is needed to interpret and to give the depth meaning of the data
collection from the study conducted. In observation, qualitative researchers obtain data by
simply watching the participants. The emphasis during observation is on the naturalistic
setting where the writer or researcher cannot manipulate the data and the process of teaching
and learning (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2007, p. 440).
Then, the results of the observation will be used to answer the research questions of
this study. In order to answer the research questions of the study, the data from observation
will be analyzed by transcribing, exploring and categorizing the data. First, the writer
prepares the digital camera to videotape all activities in the classroom that is related to the
teaching English conversation. While the writer observes the participant, the writer also
writes the important things related to this study by noting them. Moreover, the writer
classifies and describes them to present the data. Then, the writer interprets and comments on
the present data. Finally, she concludes and verifies the data.
1) Interview
After observing the classroom activities, the writer will conduct interviews to the
English teachers. Furthermore, the writer transcribes the whole data from the interview. It
helps the writer explore the data by reading the transcribed data to categorize the data
gathered from the observation and interviews. Thus, the writer can find out the data and the
problem of the case that being investigated easily. Moreover, there are some steps in
analyzing the data of interview.
Firstly, the data from recording were transcribed. According to Creswell (2005, p.
246), Transcription is the process of converting audiotape recordings or field notes into text
data. The transcripts provides the written sources. It is aimed at analyzing the data easily.
Secondly, the writer describes the data and then makes broad categories or develops the
theme (Creswell, 2008, p. 254). Finally, the writer analyzes the findings based on the results
of the study that have been conducted.

g. Ethical consideration
In conducting the study, ethical issues are very important to consider. Researchers in
this case should behave ethically. In this study, ethic means consideration of carrying out the
certain procedures of the study rightly. Researcher should also respect and protect the people
who participate and get involved in the study (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2007, p. 55).
In this case, the writer as the researcher must be permitted by the institution and the
teachers being respondent for conducting the study related to implementing CALL in
improving students reading comprehension. Then, the writer accepts responsibility to respect
and protect the respondents privacy and makes them sure that this study would not harmful
for them. Besides, the respondents are consulted before about the objective of the study. In
addition, the writer protects the identities of school and respondents being investigated.

Preparing the proposal

Completing literature
review
Completing fieldwork
Completing analysis
Giving presentation
Completing final report

June

May

April

March

February

Task

January

B. Timeline

C. Appendix
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Category1 : Teachers Planning
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.

How do your students learn to have good reading comprehension?

What are strategies do you use in teaching reading?
What kinds of CALL do you use to improve students reading comprehension?
How do you implement CALL in improving students reading comprehension?

Category 2: Teachers Understanding

Questions:
5. In your opinion, what is the role of CALL in teaching reading?how?
6. Why is scaffolding a valued tool for teaching and learning English reading?
7. What were the characteristics of CALL that you use in improving students reading
comprehension?
Category 3: Teachers Problem
Questions:
8.Did you find difficulties in teaching English reading?
9. How do you solve those problems in teaching English reading?
(Adapted from Hogan & Pressley, 1997, p. 2)