Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players
each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or
around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to
play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.
Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a
racket, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as "lawn
tennis".[1] It had close connections both to various field ("lawn") games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket
sport of real tennis. During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term "tennis" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example,
in Disraeli's novel Sybil (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will "go down to Hampton Court and play tennis."[2]
The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot
on the ground at all times, and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the
adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to contest the line call of a
point.

Table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table
using a small paddle. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as
follows: Players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it
bounces on the opposite side at least once. Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and
demands quick reactions. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.
When doing so the hitter has a better chance of scoring if the spin is successful.
Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation, founded in 1926. ITTF currently
includes 220 member associations.[1] The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook.[2] Table tennis has been
an Olympic sport since 1988,[3] with several event categories. In particular, from 1988 until 2004, these were: men's singles,
women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008, a team event has been played instead of the doubles.

Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a contact sport that originated in ancient India. Kabaddi is an umbrella term which encompasses various forms of the
game including International rules Kabaddi; budheliya parth, Gaminee, Amar and Punjabi.[1][2][2][3] Kabaddi also encompasses similar
sports known by their regional names, such as hadudu in Bangladesh, bhavatik' in Maldives, chedugudu in Andhra
Pradesh, sadugudu in Tamil Nadu and hututu in Maharashtra.[4]
Kabaddi is the national game of Bangladesh and also the state game of the Indian states of Tamil
Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Punjab.[5]
Various forms of Kabaddi are played. Hence, many states in India lay claim to the game. Some forms of Kabaddi originated in the
southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where it is derived from group hunting and village defense.[9][10][11] Other forms of Kabbadi
originated in northern parts of India.[12][13][14] Although the game is a traditional sport in various parts of South Asia, the modern
standardized version identifies kabaddi with Maharashtra where the process of standardizing the rules of kabaddi took place during
1915 through to the 1920s.[15][16][17][18] Though variations emerged and rules were framed, the games principal objective remained
unchanged.[19]
Modern Kabaddi is therefore a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names.[20] Kabaddi received
international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by India. The game was introduced in the Indian National
Games at Calcutta in 1938. In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation (AIKF) came into existence and framed the rules. The AIKF

was reconstituted as The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) in 1972 and the first national tournament for men was held
in Chennai.[21]

Kho kho
Kho kho (Punjabi: -) is a tag sport from the Indian subcontinent. It is played by teams of twelve players, of which nine enter the
field, who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team. [1] It is one of the two most popular traditional tag games of
the South Asia, the other being kabbadi.[2] Apart from the South Asia, it is also played in South Africa.[3]
Each team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take the field. A match consists of two innings with each inning consisting of
chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each. One team sits/kneels in the middle of the court, in a row, with adjacent members
facing opposite directions. The runners take to the field, 3 at a time and the team that takes the shortest time to tag/tap all the
opponents in the field, wins. There is a pole on each end and the runner can go between two players who are sitting in zig zag
manner, but the chaser is not allowed to turn back while running and go between the players. But chaser can go to pole and touch it
and can go back or go to other side. A kho kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular.[4] It is 29 metres in length and 16 metres in width.
There are two rectangles at the end. Length of the rectangle is 16 metres and the width is 2.75 metres. In the middle of these two
rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lane is 23.5 metres long and 30 cm width. There are eight cross lanes which lie
across central lane, length of the cross lanes, are 16 metres and width 30 cm. It makes the small rectangles and each of it is 16
metres in length and 2.3 metres in breadth,(the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles are 2.5 metres width) at right angles
to the central lane and divided equally into two parts of 7.85 metres each by central lane. At the end of central lane, the free zone
tangent to the post-line, two smooth wooden posts are fixed, 120 cm height from the ground and their circumference is not less than
30 cm and not more than 40 cm they have so many tricks in running like double chain, single chain, dogging and ring game as well
as in chasing like dive, pole dive, fake kho etc.

Hockey
Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's
goal using a hockey stick. In many areas, one sport (typically field hockey or ice hockey[1]) is generally referred to simply as hockey.
Ice hockey is played between two teams of skaters on a large flat area of ice, using a three-inch-diameter (76.2 mm) vulcanized
rubberdisc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the
ice. The game is played all over North America, Europe and to varying extents in many other countries around the world. It is the
most popular sport in Canada, Finland, Latvia, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Ice hockey is the national sport of Latvia[12] and the
national winter sport of Canada.[13] Ice hockey is played at a number of levels, by all ages.
Further information: Minor hockey
The governing body of international play is the 77-member International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Men's ice hockey has been
played at the Winter Olympics since 1924, and was in the 1920 Summer Olympics. Women's ice hockey was added to the Winter
Olympics in 1998. North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the strongest professional ice hockey league, drawing top ice
hockey players from around the globe.[citation needed] The NHL rules are slightly different from those used in Olympic ice hockey over many
categories.[citation needed] International ice hockey rules were adopted from Canadian rules in the early 1900s.[14]

Football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word football is
understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears. Sports
commonly called 'football' in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron
football(specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby
union); and Gaelic football.[1][2] These different variations of football are known as football codes.
Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games. Contemporary codes of football can be traced
back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.[3][4] The expanse of theBritish
Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside of the directly controlled Empire, [5]though by the
end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately
incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage. [6] In 1888, The Football League was

founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the twentieth century, several of the
various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the world. [7]

Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams,
the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is
often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are
scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or
if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.[1]
The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other
sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also
have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.
The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated
byDenmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competition dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton
has been a Summer Olympic sport with five events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's doubles, and mixed
doubles. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and
precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.[2]