(Citrus Aurantium) Orange peels and (Citrus) Lemon Extract as a Cure To

Open Wound Disease

Scientific Review Committee

Of
Toledo City Science High School
Ilihan Heights, Toledo City
S.Y. 2016-2017

Submitted by:
Raylene Zenn Abella
Nina Villaver
Strivfcon Obenza
Klint Dajao

Chapter I
Introduction
Background of the Study
The researches chose Orange Peels and Lemon extract because they are common in the community
wherein its orange fruit is the only thing people consume and throw away the orange peels because it has
no use . But they didnt know that its peels are very useful it has compounds, citrus peels may prevent
histamine release (chemicals that cause allergic reactions), making them potentially anti-allergic food. In
addition, citrus peel extract helps suppress inflammation similar to anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin.
Orange peels and lemon extract are two highly fruits that contain vitamin c and a good known powerful
agent in killing bacteria also making it an antimicrobial fruit.An open wound is an injury involving an
external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin. Nearly everyone will experience an
open wound at some point in their lives. Most open wounds are minor and can be treated at home. The
main complication of an open wound is the risk of infection. These signs include continuous bleeding and
an increase in redness, pain, or swelling. In that case people have to buy antimicrobial ointment,
antiseptic solution or medicines such that the researchers found a more common and cheap cure for
wounds that can be found at home or in the community nearby. The researchers would like to highlight
Orange peels and lemon extract because of its cleansing power and with the help of other ingredients like
aloe vera, coconut oil, honey, tea tree oil which also helps in curing wounds can make the product more
powerful and fasten the cure of wounds. Thus, the researchers will test the given extracts on an open
wound of a small cat with the two highlighted ingredients to speed the cure. They are two highly
ingredients that have enzymes and high level of acidity enough to kill bacteria such that its cheaper.
Another factor why the researchers chose this study because the two ingredients (citrus fruits) are rich in
enzyme and most likely acidic. Lastly, they are easy to find and can be found in local grocery stores.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers need to solve the following problem:
1. Does the Orange peel and lemon extract cure wounds faster?
2. Does it have side effects?
3. How effective is the Orange peel and lemon extract being added to the product compared to other
medicines?
4. How cheap will it be compared to other ointments?

Significance of the Study

The ones who will benefit from the Orange peel and lemon extract are wounded animals and we people,
to those individuals who dont have enough money to buy such expensive antimicrobial ointments and
antiseptic or other medicines. Our study can help fasten and cure open wound diseases and thus, its cheap
and easy to find in the community.
The Orange peel and Lemon extract can be significant by helping our wounds to be clean with no bacteria
and heal effectively and naturally.
Scopes and limitations of the Study
The study covers how Orange Peels and lemon extract can be used to cure open wound diseases and
know the benefits when it is used cure wounds, the side effects arise when using it. Other than that, the
study will not cover topics beyond the scope of the research.

Chapter II:

Review of Related Literature

Oranges are one of the most popular and most commonly grown fruit in the world, but very few consume
the peel, which is arguably the healthiest part of the whole fruit. According to Purdue University
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, the fruits flesh isnt the only part with health benefits. Many of
us normally throw out the peels when it comes to oranges-whether were making fresh orange juice,
snacking on whole oranges or making a yummy citrus salsa. But this one is a big mistake as many of the
highly nutritious compounds of oranges are found in the peels. Orange peels are the thick finely-textured
and orange coloured skin of oranges. Since ancient times, they have been valued for their curative
properties. Orange peels are rich in flavonoids, like hesperidin and polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and
other phytochemicals, which contribute many of their health benefits. Grated orange peel, also called
orange zest, is added to foods for flavoring and also offers many nutrients, cleaning properties and
potential medical uses.
Oranges are a goldmine of nutrients. One medium orange contains over 60 flavonoids and 170 different
phytonutrients. They are good for your skin, your system and your home too. Orange peel also contains
considerable amounts of calcium, copper, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, folate and other B vitamins and
dietary fiber.
They have an intense orange and bitter flavor, but the latter is often a clue that a food is healthy; the bitter
taste is the result of many flavonoids that orange peel contain. Raw orange peel has 1.5 g of protein and is
a source of potassium, riboflavin and vitamin A. Oranges are considered a source of calcium, which
contributes to bone and tooth health. According to Purdue University Horticulture and Landscape
Architecture, 100 g of edible orange fruit contains 40 mg of calcium, while the same amount of orange
peel has 161 mg of calcium.
Orange peels contain beta-carotene, a pigment in orange and yellow fruits and vegetables. Beta-carotene
is converted to vitamin A in your body, which is beneficial for your immune system, as well as vision

health. The University of Maryland Medical Center says beta-carotene is also an antioxidant, which helps
protect your body from free radicals that can cause cell damage.
The outer layer of an orange peel contains orange oil. This essential oil can be used in soaps and waterless hand cleaners. The oil is a solvent, so it can effectively clean your skin without the use of hazardous
chemicals. Orange oil is also used as a scent in perfumes and cleaning products.
Compounds in orange peels and other citrus peel may prevent histamine release (histamines are the
chemicals that cause allergic reactions), making them potentially anti-allergic food. The peels may also
help to cleanse your lungs, helping you to expel phlegm, and the high levels of vitamin C are beneficial of
your immune system, which may help you fight off respiratory illnesses like colds and flu. In addition,
citrus peel extract helps suppress inflammation similar to the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. The
peel may offer a range of additional health benefits as well, including: improve digestion and speed
metabolism, improve oral health, support healthy weight loss, improve skin appearance and can be used
as a cure for open wounds.
Orange peels (as well as the underlying white pulp or pith) are rich in hesperidin, a flavonoid thats been
shown to lower high blood pressure and cholesterol in animal studies. It also has anti-inflammatory
properties. In middle aged, overweight men, consuming hesperidin in oranges was found to significantly
lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after four weeks. The polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) in orange
peels have also been shown to lower cholesterol more effectively than prescription drugs, without the side
effects.

Orange peel contains nobiletin, a type of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), compounds which are
found to exert positive effect on the heart. These compounds lower your risk of heart disease and

inflammation in addition to lowering the blood cholesterol levels (LDL Low Density
Lipoprotein) in the body.
The dried outer peel of the bitter orange has been used in medicine. According to the University of
Michigan Health System, simmering 1 to 2 g of dried peel in 3 cups of water to make a tea might help
relieve indigestion and heartburn. Orange peel has also been used to treat insomnia and as a laxative. Be
sure to ask your doctor before using orange peel for any medicine purposes.
Diabetic patients wound healing is slower than the healthy individuals. Three citrus peel extracts; Lemon
(Citrus limon), Grapes fruits (Citrus paradise) and Orange (Citrus sinensis) promote wound healing in
experimental animals. This study investigated the effect of oral treatment with citrus peel extracts on
wound repair of the skin of diabetic rats. The extracts were estimated for vitamin C and total carotenoid
contents prior to animal study. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of a
single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). One week after diabetes induction, full thickness
excision wounds were made in hyperglycemic rats and were divided groups, each containing 6 rats. The
different test group animals were treated with different citrus peel extract orally at the dose of 400 mg
kg(-1) body weight daily for 12 days. The blood glucose, body weight and rate of wound closure of each
rat were measured every 3rd day during the experimental period. At the end of experiment, granular
tissues of wounds were removed and estimated for hydroxylproline and total protein content. The results
showed significant reduction in blood glucose and time to wound closure. Tissue growth and collagen
synthesis were significantly higher as determined by total protein and hydroxyl proline content. From our
experimental data, we propose that oral administration of citrus peel extracts has a therapeutic potential in
the treatment of chronic wounds in diabetes.

Chapter III
Methodology

In this chapter the group will be making an Orange peel and lemon extract to cure wounds that can be
found in homes and that are cheap to buy.
The group found out that Orange peel and lemon extract have enzymes and a high level of acidity good
for killing bacteria and also cleaning the wound thats why the researches chose them as their two primary
ingredients for their product.
The group did was, first, researched the materials needed and the procedures on making the product.
Second, the group will buy the materials needed to be able to make the product. The group will not be
testing a person instead the researchers will test it on a small cat.
The following materials: wooden spoon, stirrer, vodka, tray, knife, cookie filter, two jars(one should have
a tight fitting lid),coffee filter or cloth, 1 cup of lemon extract, 1 cup of orange peel extract, cup of aloe
Vera, cup of coconut oil, Tea tree oil and a 500ml Spray container.
Extracting the Orange Peel.
First peel the Orange, Laid the peels on the cookie sheet, let them air dry until the peels are rock hard. It
may take peels about one week to dry. Use the knife to cut the dry peels into small bits. Do not over
process the peels until they are mushy or it will lose the oil in the peel. Add the chopped peels to the jar
with the tight fitting lid and cover the peels in vodka. Shake the jar to release the oil several times a day
for several days. Use coffee filter or cloth on top of the jar of liquid. Allow the alcohol to evaporate from
the jar, sit it for one week.
Adding all the Mixture
First the researchers will heat up the coconut oil for about 15 minutes. Then they will add the Aloe Vera
once the coconut oil is done. Next, mix the two ingredients carefully using the wooden spoon; slowly add
the tea tree oil in the mixture. Finally add the Orange Peel and lemon extract at the same time using the

stirrer to mix it evenly. Lastly the researchers will put the mixture in the Spray container and hold it for
about 5 minutes.