ANSWERING TECHNIQUES for SECTION B

Identifying Variables
(a) What to change (WTC)/ Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan) The parameter that is increased or
decreased
when the investigation is repeated.

(b) What to observe (WTO)/ Pembolehubah bergerakbalas The parameter/result that is different from the
parameter at the beginning of the investigation.
(c) What to keep the same (WTKS)/ Pembolehubah dimalarkan Remain the same throughout the
investigation. If it has no influence on the results.

The parameter = the characteristics of the things.

The parameter only in 1 or 2 words.
Example : The size of.../ Saiz.
The length of/ Panjang.
The number of/ Bilangan

Stating correct what to change(manipulated variable) with parameter.

Menyatakan pembolehubah manipulasi mengikut parameter yang betul.
A
Bright
Cerah
Air
Udara
Water
Air
Food
Makanan
Big
Besar
Tall
Tinggi
Rough
Kasar
Bright
Cerah
More
Banyak

Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Presence of sunlight
Kehadiran cahaya

Dark
Gelap
Air tight
Kedap udara
No water
TIada air
No makanan
Tiada makanan
Small
Kecil
Short
Rendah
Smooth
Licin
Dimmer
Malap
Less
Kurang

Size of the
Saiz
Height of the ..
Ketinggian .
Condition of the ..
Keadaan ..
Brightness of the
Kecerahan ..
Number of ..
Bilangan .

Example/Contoh soalan:
State what to change, what to observe and what to keep the same for the investigations below.

(i)

What to change/ pembolehubah dimanipulasi :...

(ii) What to observe/ pembolehubah bergerakbalas : ..
(iii) What to keep the same/ pembolehubah dimalarkan : .

(i)

b)
Time/ Masa
(min)
Temperature/
Suhu (oC)

28

40

52

64

What to change/ pembolehubah dimanipulasi :...

(ii) What to observe/ pembolehubah bergerakbalas : ..
(iii) What to keep the same/ pembolehubah dimalarkan : .

2. Aim / Purpose/ Tujuan

(a) To investigate the relationship between the WTC and the WTO/ Untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara WTC
dan WTO.
Example/ Contoh soalan:
Circuit
Litar
A
B
C

Number of dry cell

Bilangan sel kering
1
2
3

Brightness of bulb
Kecerahan mentol
Dimmer
Bright
Brighter

Aim/ Tujuan :To investigate the relationship between number of dry cell and the brightness of bulb
Untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara bilangan sel kering dan kecerahan mentol.
Number of animal Q
Bilangan haiwan Q

Tahun/ Year

Aim/ Tujuan:

3. Conclusion / Relationship / Hypothesis / What happen / What can you conclude /Found Out
(a) If the WTC increase / decrease, then the WTO increase / decrease.
Jika WTC bertambah/ berkurang, WTO bertambah/ berkurang.
(b) The more / less the WTC, the more / less WTO.
Semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTC, semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTO.
(c) The * the WTC, the WTO

Greate
r

Longe
r

Brighte
r
Dimme
r

Bigger

Lower

Higher

Shorte
r

* Thicker

Sometimes conclusion also can be stated as a general statement. Example, Living things need water to stay
alive.
Kesimpulan juga boleh dinyatakan dalam satu kenyataan umum. Contohnya, Benda hidup memerlukan air untuk
terus hidup.
4. State one information gathered/ Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpul
- State/ Nyatakan WTO/ WTC
5. State two information gathered/ Nyatakan dua maklumat yang dikumpul
- State/ Nyatakan WTC and WTO
6. Pattern / Trend

- Increase/ Menaik/ Meningkat/ Bertambah

- Decrease/ Menurun/ Berkurang

- Do not change/ Tiada perubahan

7. Observation/ What can you observe / What can you say/ Pemerhatian
- State the result in the experiment. State comparison. (Advisable to choose between highest and lowest)
Pemerhatian mestilah berdasarkan keputusan. Digalakkan untuk membuat perbandingan
- Example: The brightness of bulb for circuit C is higher than bulb in circuit D.
Mentol di litar C lebih cerah daripada mentol di litar D.

8. Give reasons / Why / Explain why / What can you infer/ Berikan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian
anda.
- State the causes/ Berikan sebab
- Example: The brightness of bulb increase because the power supply is more.
Kecerahan mentol bertambah kerana mendapat lebih banyak tenaga elektrik.

Practice 1
A group of pupils conducted an investigation on parachutes X, Y and Z which are tied with different stones. The
time taken for the parachutes to travel 5 metres is recorded.
Sekumpul pelajar menjalankan satu kajian dengan menggunakan tiga payung terjun mainan X, Y dan Z yang
diikatkan dengan batu yang berlainan jisim. Masa yang diambil oleh payung trjun untuk bergerak sejauh 5 meter
direkodkan.
Parachute
Payung terjun
Mass/ Jisim (g)

10

21

35

Time/ Masa (s)

15

a) In the investigation state variables / Dalam eksperimen ini nyatakan pembolehubah

What to change/ dimanipulasikan : ..
What to observe / bergerakbalas : .
What to keep the same/ dimalarkan : .
b) Aim of the investigation/ Tujuan kajian dijalankan.
..
..

c) Relationship between variables/ Hubungan diantara pembolehubah-pembolehubah.

..
..
d) State an observation based on the result. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian berdasarkan keputusan.
.
Practice 2

Length of string
Panjang tali (cm)
15
20
25
30

Number of swings in 30 seconds

Bilangan ayunan dalam 30 saat
40
35
30
25

a) State one information gathered/ Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpul

.
b) Predict the number of swings in 30 seconds if length of string is 35cm. / Ramalkan bilangan ayunan dalam
30 saat jika panjang tali adalah 35cm.

Practice 3 (Section A)
1.

Which of the following are the basic needs of human?

Manakah antara berikut merupakan keperluan asas bagi manusia?
I Water/ Air
III Food/ Makanan
II Space/ Ruang
IV Sunlight/ Cahaya Matahari
A. I and II
B. II and IV

2.

C. I and III
D. III and IV

Living thing has their special characteristics to protect themselves from enemies. Which of the following are true about
these animals?
Hidupan memiliki ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh. Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang
haiwan tersebut?
A
B
C
D

Chemeleon
Sumpah-sumpah
Poisonous sting
Sengat berbisa
Change colour
Bertukar warna
Sharp claws
Kuku tajam
Large spot
Mempunyai mata tiruan

Milipede
Ulat gonggok
Hard shells
Cangkerang keras
Curl their body
Menggulungkan diri
Change colour
Bertukar warna
Hiding
Bersembunvi

3. Diagram below show objects, P, Q and R which are made from natural materials.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan objek P, Q dan R yang diperbuat dari bahan semulajadi.

5
PQ

Which of the following can be classified in the same way as the objects above?
Manakah yang berikut boleh dikelaskan dengan cara sama seperti objek di atas?

A
B
C
D

Hand bag
Beg tangan
Chalk
Kapur
Shoe
Kasut
Silk
Sutera

Glass
Kaca
Table
Meja
Thread
Benang
Paper
Kertas

Cooking pot
Belanga
Tile
Jubin
Tyre
Tayar
Vase
Pasu