(6102 - )EEES

" "220kV

aadelsultan@gmail.com

aadelsultan@gmail.com

aadelsultan@gmail.com

.


.

220kV

) (150kA-200kA
ATP/EMTP
BIL
) (15-45
.
BIL
.ATP/EMTP

.1





:
)1 :
( )Impulse
[ .]1
:
.
.
)2 :

[.]2,1






[ .]1-4
.
) (v-t

[ 2 .]3
:
.

( ) .

[4
.]5


] [7-6 [ ]11
( )400kV 220kV
100kM
ATP-EMTP

[ ]19

.

.2
:

[:]17
. Indirect stroke :






( )



[.]19-17
. Direct stroke with line :
conductor

( )

( )
:

 , /

1.75-1.8
( )3

.


.
:
.1 BIL .
.2 .tower footing resistance


1.2
:

)(1
: .
:
400-611
10-20kA ( )1
2500-
6000kV


(.]19-17[ )BIL

. :

Direct stroke with tower under ground wire

( ) ( )R
( )L (:)cross arm

( .)1

)(2
: :
(.)ramp
5
L=10H 20kA 2sec
:

( )2
.200kV
:
)(3

)ohm( Rtfr

()kV

11

33

15

132

:
( . )2

ohm-m

: .

()3

( )back flashover

] .[17-15

Direct stroke with earth wire or tower top:

:

111

General average

1.11 1.1

Sea water

11 111

Swampy ground

1111

Dry earth

118

Sand stone

( ground
)rods ( )counterpoise wires
[.]17

)(4

.3 :

: .
:
:
.
:
)(5

 (6102 - )EEES

(.)BIL
. Basic Insulation level (BIL) :

( )BIL
Institute of Electrical and Electronics

)IEEE( Engineers
.

( ) 25


( t
)= 0
.
()1
.

(. )3

Reduced BIL
)(kV
751
825-911
1111-1111
1175-1311
1311-1811
1675-2311

Standard
BIL
)(kV

Normal System
Voltage
)(kV rms

911
1151
1311
1551

196
231
287
345
511
765

.

( )BIL



[.]14
. Tower footing resistance :


.

[ .]2

% 71

:
:Protection using ground rods and counter-poise wires:

.
2.5-3m
15mm 5m

.
11 4m 4m
5m ( 11
) .

0.5-1m
.50-100m

Base of
tower

)(a

)(b

Counterpoise of wires

Direction of line

)(c

)(d

)(e

( .)1

.4 Case study :

220/66 kV
( 150kA )200kA
( )2
( ) 4 ()5
.
75-10
( .)6
(.)3
( .)4

13.715mm

1.89mm

AAAC

220kV

( .)5

221

LINE Z1

0.00722

L1 mH

24.26

R1

221

LINE Z2

0.00388

L2 mH

12.42

R2

221

LINE Z3

0.00388

L3 mH

12.42

R3

151

LINE Z4

0.01046

L4 mH

34.48

R4

 , /

( .)6
B

H4

H3

H2

H1

H total

6.4

23.13

11.72

46.85

( )3 ATP

. 5 ATP




150kA
25 75
151-211kA
11

( )BIL .

. :
150kA :52-52
( )4 220kV
25 .150kA

(.)2

 (6102 - )EEES

700
][kV
600
500

( )7 ( )6
150kA 220kV
.25-75

400
( .)7 150kA

300
200

()kV

()BIL

()
100

25

695.44

%33.8

33

742.47

%29.3

35

779.74

%25.7

30

][us

25

20

15
v :CAB_2C

10
v :CAB_2B

-100

(f ile case.pl4; x-v ar t) v :CAB_2A

( .)4 25 150kA

43

811.55

%22.7

( )5 220kV
35 .150kA

45

843.13

%23.3

53

862.52

%17.9

55

882.44

%16.3

63

897.13

%14.6

65

938.75

%13.5

73

919.23

%12.5

75

928.16

%11.6

800
][kV
650

500

350

200

50

30

][us

25

20

15
v :CAB_2C

10
v :CAB_2B

-100

(f ile case.pl4; x-v ar t) v :CAB_2A

( .)5 35

10
BIL
.
)(6
)BIL( : .1151
( )max overvoltage
.220kV
%21
%21 .
25 :

KV

950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
25 33 35 43 45 53 55 63 65 73 75
ohm

( .)6

( )7 ( )6 25
45 150kA
45 BIL %21

45 .

 , /

. :
022-522kA :02

700

150kA 10kA
( )7
220kV 150kA
.02

650

550
500

600

153 163 173 183 193 233

KA

][kV
500

( .)8 11

400

( )8 ( )8
200kA
11
.

300

200
100

( )4.4

30

][us

25

20

15

10

()kA

10 kA
BIL
( .)6 ( )8 ( )8
151-211kA
.11

()kA
153

568.14

%45.9

163

621.53

%43.8

173

632.13

%39.8

183

643.67

%39.3

193

654.85

%37.6

233

684.24

%34.8

15
kV

BIL

kV

BIL

kV

BIL

kV

BIL

150

645.3

%38.6

695.4

%33.8

779.7

%25.7

843.1

%23.3

160

644.3

%38.6

736.4

%29.9

817.3

%22.2

874.1

%16.8

170

658.6

%37.3

771.4

%26.5

851.7

%18.9

931.1

%14.2

180

691.5

%34.1

834.1

%23.4

883.1

%16.2

922.8

%12.1

190

725.3

%33.9

834.5

%23.5

934.3

%13.9

941.6

%13.3

200

753.7

%28.2

862.1

%17.9

924.2

%12.3

956.9

%8.9

.6


ATP
:
-1 25
75 150kA
.45
-2 45
.
-3 11
. 160kA
.200kA
-4
15 .220kV

( .)8 11

()kV

25

35

45

-100

(file case.pl4; x-var t) v:CAB_2A v:CAB_2B v:CAB_2C

( .)7 150kA

()BIL

KV

600

6102 - )EEES(

.1994

.
"
.2313 "

.17
.18
.19

BIL -5
.
.20% BIL -6


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H. CoTTon, D.Sc- BARBER, S.Sc, The

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www.atpdraw.net