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MNG KHNG DY
TM TT
S ging nhau gia mu ng i trong gom nhm ng vai tr quan trng trong
vic khm ph hnh vi di chuyn ca cc nhm khc nhau ca cc i tng di
chuyn. Mt s phng php c xut o tng t gia cc chui d liu
trong ng i. Hu ht cc phng php ny da trn khng gian Euclide hoc trn
mng khng gian v mt s trong h c quan tm n kha cnh thi gian hoc kiu
th t. Tuy nhin, h khng ph hp vi c im ca mu di chuyn thi gian trong
mng khng dy. Trong bi bo ny, chng ti xut mt o tng t mi cho
mu di ng trong khng gian di ng ca mng khng dy. u tin, chng ti trnh
by cc nh ngha chnh nm bt v mt ton hc 2 o tng t theo khng gian
v thi gian cho mu di chuyn. V sau , chng ti xc nh tng o tng t
bng cch kt hp trng s ca cc o ny. S tht o tng t tng phn v
tng s c chng minh trong ton hc. Hn na, thay v khong thi gian hoc bc,
cng vic ca chng ti lm cho vic s dng mc thi gian m ti 2 mu di chuyn
chia s cng mt t bo. Mt trng hp nghin cu cng c m t so snh o
tng t kt hp vi nhng bin php khc.
T KHA
Mng khng dy, gom nhm, mu di chuyn, i tng di chuyn, tng t, ng
i.
1. GII THIU
Vi s pht trin ca in ton di ng v truyn thng khng dy, khm
ph v s di chuyn ca cc nhm khc nhau ca cc i tng di chuyn trong
mng khng dy tr nn quan trng trong vic d on di chuyn ca h. Mc
d cc i tng di chuyn khc nhau th hin s khc bit trong hnh vi di
chuyn ca h v tnh cht ca s di chuyn ca h nhng v c bn h c
nhiu im tng t [1]. Khm ph cc thuc tnh tng t gp phn d
on v tr kt ni k tip ca mt i tng di chuyn da trn hnh vi ca cc
thnh vin trong mt nhm.
Cng vic ca chng ti, d on v tr kt ni k tip ca i tng di
chuyn ch da trn lch s di chuyn ca h. Tuy nhin, nhng thng tin khng
y ca kt qu lch s di chuyn trong vic thiu lut di chuyn v c th
nh hng n tnh chnh xc ca d on. Trong bi bo ny, chng ti xem
xt rng vi nhng hiu bit v cc nhm ca i tng di chuyn, c th
chuyn i hnh vi chung gia cc i tng trong sut s di chuyn ca h. V
th, n c th d on v tr kt ni k tip ca mt i tng da trn hnh vi
di chuyn ca nhm. V ln lt, hnh vi ca mt nhm i tng di chuyn
D net ( T a ,T b ) =
1
d (v ai , v bi)
m i=1
v
0 nu v ai =v bi
d ( ai , v bi )= c ( v ai , v bi ) +c ( v bi , v ai )
2 DG
tri li
D time ( T a , T b ) =
Figure1.Anexampleofsimilartrajectories[9]
Th hai, Kang [13] s dng khng gian di ng thay v khng gian Euclide
xy dng s tng t gia cc mu ca i tng di chuyn. Theo [13], v tr tham
chiu bi cc t bo hn l ta trong th gii thc. V d, chng ti cp v tr
ca i tng trong 1 ta nh bng s phng. x l 1 cu hi khng gian Ai ang
trong phng 406, v tr c tham chiu bi phng l ta (x,y). Da trn quan
st ny, Kang xc nh 2 o tng t bng cch s dng LCSS, c xut
phn tch s tng t gia cc chui. Hn na, h ng thi ly cc thuc tnh khng
gian v thi gian ca mu ng i vo ti khon m khng c xem xt bi LCSS.
Th nht, Kang nh ngha khng gian tng t LCSS a,b(n,m) trong a, b l 2 mu
ng i v n, m l s lng ca t bo c thm bi a, b tng ng nh sau:
0, nu i=0 hoc j=0
CVTI ( a ,b )=
i=1, j=1
Trong
OSS
fi,jgi,j
i,j cardicardj
|xikjcardxjk|xjk
i
gi,jcard
xik
v
n
l pjlkp
fi,j k1p1
maxcardi,cardj
k
Trongilkt|itlkandmincardilk,cardjlk.
f (0 ) ( S 1, S 2 ) + f 5 ( S 1, S 2 )+ f 7 ( S 1, S 2 )
=
max {card ( S 1), card (S 2) }
1+1+2
=0.8
5
Figure 2. An example coverage region (a) and the corresponding bidirected graph G
(b)
3.1 Representing Mobility Profiles with Spatiotemporal (i din cho tiu s
mng di ng vi khng thi gian)
Hnh vi ca ngi dng di ng c th c c trng bng nhiu cch
khc nhau. Trong bi ny, 2 c im c s dng xc nh hnh vi di chuyn l
quan h gia v tr v thi gian. Sau y l mt vi tho lun trnh by c im
ny.
Cc yu t v tr ch ra rng s di chuyn ca ngi dng di ng thng
theo mt trnh t cc a im mi ngy. V d, Trong mng li trng hc, ging
vin thng di chuyn n lp hc, phng th nghim, th vin trong khi cc nhn
vin phng ban thng i khp c quan hnh chnh. V vy, c th d on v tr tip
theo ca ngi dng di ng da trn lch s v tr ca h.
Table1.Predefinedtimestamps(Mcthigiancxcnhtrc)
Timestamps
(Mcthigian)
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
TimeInterval
(Khongthigian) Timestamps TimeInterval
0:002:14
2:154:29
4:306:44
6:458:59
9:0011:14
11:1513:29
t7
t8
t9
t10
t11
13:0015:44
15:4517:59
18:0020:14
20:1522:29
22:3023:59
Vd,choA=<(c4,t2),(c5,t3),(c6,t4),(c8,t5)>vB=<(c5,t3),(c8,t5)>.SauBl
subpatterncaAvngcli,AlsuperpatterncaB.
4. A NEW SIMILARITY MEASURE FOR MOBILITY PATTERNS (1 o
tng t mi cho cc mu di chuyn)
o tng t mi ca chng ti c trnh by bi cc yu cu sau. N c th
da trn c im ca mng khng dy v c th phn nh s tng t ca khng
gian v thi gian. Bng trc gic, 2 mu di chuyn c coi l tng t nhau trong
khng gian nu n chia s cc t bo chung, cc mu i qua cng cc t bo ti cng
mt thi im c coi l tng t trong thi gian hn trng hp h li ti thi
im khc nhau. Kt qu l, o tng t gia 2 mu di chuyn cn phi da trn 2
yu t:
S lng cc t bo chung ca 2 mu
Cc mc thi gian ca cc t bo chung
Trc y cho php chng ti o tng t khng gian gia cc mu di
chuyn v sau a vo ti khon o tng t thi gian. Phn ny trc ht l
m t o tng t ca cc mu di chuyn trong thi gian v khng gian v sau
s dng cc k thut kt hp trng s kt hp 2 bin php
nhngha4.ChoSltphpccmudichuyn.MtotngtD:SS
[0,1]l1hmt1cpmuchomtsthcgia0v1vpngcciukin
sau:
i Phnx:VimiPSD(P,P)=0;
ii Tnhixng:vimiP,TSD(P,T)=D(T,P).
4.1 otngtkhnggian
Trongphnny,chngtisdngccnhnghamudichuynvb quathongs
thigiantrnhbymukhnggian.Gisrngcho2mudichuyn Pa=<ca1,ca2,
,can>vPb=<cb1,cb2,,,cbm>,trongcaiVvcbjV,vimii,j.
otngtkhnggiancthcnhnghakhnggingnhauvkhng
giangia2mudichuyn.Cctbotdngcnhiuhntronghaimu,cckhng
giankhcnhauhnhangc.
nhngha5.Chof:SSRlhmidinchoslngcctbotdngtrong
2muPaandPb.Sau,fcxcnhtheocngthc:
f(Pa,Pb)cardcai|caiPbcardcbi|cbiPa
Nu2mulbngnhau,ykhngccctboringtrong2muny.Ktqu
f(Pa,Pa)l0.Trili,nu2mukhngcbtktbonochung,ktquf(Pa,Pb)l
(n+m)trongn,mlchiudicaccmuPavPb,tngng.
Mtotngtgia2muthcxcnhnhsau:
nhngha6.otngtkhnggianDspace(Pa,Pb)gia2muPavPbvichiu
din,mtngng,thcxcnhnhsau:
D
space
(P
f(Pa,Pb)
,Pb) nm
Mnh1.HmDspace(Pa,Pb)l1otngt.
Chngminh.Rrngl
0card({cai|caiPb})nand0card({cbi|cbiPa})
m
Ktlun:
0f(Pa,Pb)=card({cai|caiPb})+card({cbi|cbiPa})(n+
m).
Nh vy
Nthddngkimtraphnx.Khi Pa=Pb,ktqucaDspace(Pa,Pb)l0dof(Pa,
Pb)=0.Ngoira,nu2mukhngcbtktbonochung,sau f(Pa,Pb)=(n+
m)vDspace(Pa,Pb)lbng1khincchiacho(n+m).
Tnhchtixngcchngminhnhsau.Chngtac:
f(Pa,Pb)cardcai|caiPbcardcbi|cbiPa
and
f(Pb,Pa)cardcbi|cbiPacardcai|caiPbthenf(Pa,Pb)=f(Pb,Pa)
Ngoira,chngtacngc:
Dspace(Pa,Pb)f(Pa,Pb)
nm
and
Dspace(Pb,Pa)f(Pb,Pa)
mn
dof(Pa,Pb)=f(Pb,Pa),Dspace(Pa,Pb)lbngDspace(Pb,Pa).Nhvy,tnhixng
cchngminh.Mnhcchngminh.
Xcnhstngtvkhnggiangia2muctrnhbytrongthutton1.
Trcht,mslngcctbotrong1munhngkhngphi(bc12)sdng
thutton2,sautnhchiudicaccmu(Step34).pdngcccngthc
trongnhngha5vnhngha6tnhgitrcahmfvDspacetngng(Step5
6).
Algorithm1SpatialSimilarity
Input: twopatternsPaandPb
Output:thespatialsimilaritybetweenPaandPb,Dspace(Pa,Pb)
1 g1 card(Pa, Pb)
2 g2 card(Pb,Pa)
3 n length(Pa)
4 m length(Pb)
5 f(Pa, Pb) g1 + g2
6 Dspace
f / (n + m)
7 return Dspace
Algorithm2UncommonCellsCountingAlgorithm
Input: twopatternsPaandPb
Output:numberofcellsinPabutnotinPb,card(Pa,Pb)
1 card = 0
2 n length(Pa)
3 m length(Pb)
do
4.2 TemporalSimilarityMeasure(otngtthigian)
Trong thc t, hnh vi di chuyn ca cc i tng di chuyn thng thay
i nh l 1 hm ca thi gian. N c ngha l thuc tnh thi gian ca mu
di chuyn xc nh tm quan trong ca thi gian khi i tng di chuyn di
chuyn t 1 v tr ny n v tr khc [2]. V vy, n l cn thit xc nh
o tng t thi gian bng cc phng tin ca thi gian khng ging
nhau gia 2 mu di chuyn. Cch tip cn ny da vo trc gic 2 mu phi
c xem xt v thi gian tng t khi h i qua cc t bo ging nhau ti
cng 1 thi im
Vd,choS1={(1,t1),(0,t3),(5,t4),(6,t6),(7,t9)}andS2={(0,t3),(5,
t4),(7,t9)}l2mudichuyn.Trongnhnghany,c3tbochung0,5,
v7,vhciquatbo0tit3,tbo5tit4vtbo7tit9.Do,
2munyccoiltngt thigian. xcnhs khcnhauthi
giantngtgiaccmu,chngticntnhtontngschnhlchthi
giangiaccccmcthigiancacctbochungtrong2mu.Khitng
thigiankhcnhaunh hn,thigiantngt 2mu.Trongphntip
theo,chngtasxydngccbocony.
Gi srngTltphpccmcthigiancxcinhtrc.ChoPa=<(ca1,ta1),
(ca2,ta2),,(can,tan)>vPb=<(cb1,tb1),(cb2,tb2),,(cbm,tbm)>l2mudichuyn,
trongvimii,jcai,cbiVvtaj,tbjT. otngtthigiangiaccmu
|t ait bj|
|t ai t bj| max ( t ai , t bj) t ai , tbj T , max (t , t
ai
bj
1 t ai , t bj T
cxcnhnhsau:
nh ngha7.otngtthigianDtime(Pa,Pb)gia2muPavPbvichiudi
n,mtngng,cchobi
TrongklscctbochungcaPaandPb.
Mnh2.HmDtime(Pa,Pb)lotngt
Chngminh.Chcchn,Dtime0.ChngtachngminhrngDtime1.Kt
Theo nh ngha 7, chng ta phi tnh lch thi gian gia 2 mc thi gian taivtbj
catbochung(cai=cbj).ChoklscctbochungcaPavPb,sau
n ,m
i=1, j=1
|t ait bj|
max ( t ai , t bj )
D time ( P a , Pb ) =
k . Sau
n ,m
|t ai t bj|
1
1
|tai t bj|
|tait bj|
max ( t ai ,t bj)
|t bjt ai|
max ( t bj , t ai)
t ai , t bj T
V
D time ( P b , Pa ) =
n ,m
|t bj t ai|
1
trong c ai =c bj
Sau
Dspace ( Pa , P b )=D space ( P b , Pa )
ai
bi
i1
d(1,0)d(0,2)d(2,3)d(8,8)d(7,4)
Dnet(Sa,Sb)
d(1,0) c(1,0)c(0,1) 2
24
8
0.25
Tngtnhvy
d(0,2)=0.25,d(2,3)=0.25,d(8,8)=0,d(7,4)=0.25.
Do
0.250.250.2500.25
5
D net (S a ,S b )
0.2
Chng ta cng c:
m
|( Sa [ i+1 ] .t S a [ i ] . t )( S b [ i+1 ] . t S b [i ] .t )|
1
D time ( S a , Sb ) =
max { ( t 9t 6 ) , ( t 8t 6 ) }
l ( t 6t 4 ) ( t 6t 5 ) .l
1 l ( t 3t 1 )( t 3t 1 ) .l max {( t 3t 1 ) , ( t 4 t 3 ) }
+
+
+
4 max {( t 3t 1 ) , ( t 4t 3 ) } max {( t 3t 1 ) , ( t 4 t 3 ) } max { ( t 6 t 4 )( t 6 t 5 ) } max {( t 6 t 4 )( t 6t 5 ) }
1 1 0 1 1
+ + + =0.333
4 2 1 2 3
Kt qu Wnet=0.5andWtime=0.5,chngtac
(S , S ) W .D (S , S ) W .D (S , S )
total
net
net
time
time
Dtotal(Sa,Sb)0.50.20.50.3330.267
Ch rng Sa v Sb c 3 t bo chung 0, 2 v 8
Sa(0)={1}andSb(0)={0},sof(0)(Sa,Sb)=|10|=1
Tng t nh vy
,S b
(0)(Sa,Sb)f(2)(Sa,Sb)f
(S , S )
(8)
a b
110
0.4
max{card(Sa),card(Sb)}
dOSS(Sa,Sb)
f(Sa,Sb)g(Sa ,Sb)
0.44
0.44
10
card Sacard Sb
Sau
Cui cng, phng php c lin quan cht ch nht vi cch tip cn ca
chng ti c a ra bi C. GomezAlonso [14]. Phng php ca h s
tnh ton cc o tng t khng gian cho cc trnh t ca cc s kin da
trn s lng cc phn t chung trong cc trnh t. Tuy nhin, kha cnh thi
gian trong cch tip cn ca h l c th t gia cc phn t chung trong hai
chui, ch khng phi l mc thi gian nh trong m hnh ca chng ti.
Ni chung, o tng t trong xut ca chng ti khc vi cc bin
php hin hnh hai kha cnh. Th nht, do cc tnh cht ca cc mng khng
dy, o tng t khng gian da trn s lng cc phn chung trong hai
mu. N c ngha l hai mu ng i phi c coi l tng t hn khi h
chia s cng nhiu t bo chung. Th hai, o tng t thi gian ca chng ta
s a vo ti khon cc bi cnh cho d hai mu i qua cng cc t bo cng
mt thi im hay khng. Bng trc gic, hai mu i qua cng cc t bo ti
cng mt thi im phi c xem xt thi gian tng t hn so vi trng hp
h li ti thi im khc nhau. Kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti v o
tng t khng thi gian trong cng vic ny s c s dng pht trin
mt s ci tin ca k-means thut ton [16] [17] [18] cho gom nhm mu di
chuyn.
7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK (Kt lun v cng vic tng lai)
Trong bi bo ny, chng ti xut mt o tng t cho cc mu
di chuyn khng thi gian ca mng khng dy. Chng ti cng trnh by
m hnh cc mu di chuyn ca ngi dng trong mng khng dy c pht
trin bi chnh mnh trn c s cc o tng t c xy dng. Bin
php ca chng ti quan tm n c im v c thi gian v khng gian ca
mu di chuyn i din trong m hnh ny. Chng ti nh ngha ton hc hai
o tng t thi gian v khng gian v sau s dng mt s kt hp c
trng s tch hp cc o tng t tng phn. S tht ca vic xy dng
ny c chng minh trong ton hc. Chng ti cng m t mt trng
hp nghin cu so snh cc bin php xut ca chng ti vi nhng ngi
khc. Trong cng vic tng lai ca chng ti, chng ti s pht trin mt thut
ton gom nhm ca mu di chuyn da trn o tng t ny v s dng
thut ton ny xy dng mt h thng h tr cc d on ca ngi dng
di ng.
REFERENCES