Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT-1
1. Identify & Understand Models of Computers.
Models of Computers:
1. Desktop Model: Fig 1a shows the figure A desktop computer is a personal computer in a
form intended for regular use at a single location desk/table due to its size and power
requirements. The most common configuration is a computer monitor, keyboard and mouse, and
a case that houses the main components of the PC, namely the power supply, motherboard, hard
drive, optical drive, and previously the floppy drive. The form factor of the case is typically an
upright tower or (horizontal) desktop.
2. Laptop: As shown in fig 1b , It is a portable computer, which can sit on the users lap. It has
a pop-up screen and batteries power in it. Laptops are useful to send information while
traveling from one place to another.
3. PDA: Fig 1c shows PDA stands for Short for Personal Digital Assistant, it is of the size of
users palm. It is used as personal organizer and provides user with the ability to store names
and address, play games, access the internet and acts as a calculator. A typical PDA can
function as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most
PDAs are pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for input. PDAs are also called
palmtops, hand-held computers and pocket computers.
4. Notebook computer: Fig 1d shows Notebook Computer. An extremely lightweight personal
computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit
easily in a briefcase. Aside from size, the principal difference between a notebook computer and
a personal computer is the display screen. Notebook computers use a variety of techniques,
known as flat-panel technologies, to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen. The
quality of notebook display screens varies considerably. In terms of computing power, modern
notebook computers are nearly equivalent to personal computers. They have the same CPUs,
memory capacity, and disk drives. However, all this power in a small package is expensive.
Notebook computers cost about twice as much as equivalent regular-sized computers. Notebook
computers come with battery packs that enable you to run them without plugging them in.
However, the batteries need to be recharged every few hours.
5. Subnotebook computer: Fig 1e shows subnotebook computer. A portable computer that is
slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized notebook computer. Typically, subnotebook
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computers have a smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook
computers.
Fig 1c:PDA
Fig 1b:Laptop
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2. Identify and understand front panel switches and back panel connections of a Computer
system.
Front Panel Switches: The computer front panel is manufactured keeping mind that it is kept
facing in front of users face to give a good look it is made up of an good looking plastic fiber
and is molded and designed nicely. It has CD/DVD/Read/Write , Floppy disk drive , ON/OFF
button and RESET button on its Front side. Figure 2a.shows front panel of Switches.
Back Panel Connectors: Behind the computer back panel connectors are used to connect the
computer to its peripherals like Monitor , Keyboard , Mouse Printer (parallel port) serial port
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USB port , Sound (speaker , mic ,lineOut/ line In ) and game port , Ethernet(LAN card) etc.
Figure 2b.shows back panel of computer & connectors.
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Mother board
: Main (PCB) Printed Circuit Board consists CPU ,RAM , POWER
CONNECTOR , CMOS BATTERY (CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-board, battery powered semiconductor chip inside
computers that stores information. This information ranges from the system time and date to
system hardware settings for your computer.) , SLOTS ,HDD, AND Many Electronics
components
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2.
CPU Processor: Stands for Central Processing Unit. It is brain of computer. It contains
a processing unit and a control unit
3.
RAM : A memory module, commonly called RAM, memory, or a RAM chip, is a dynamic
random access memory integrated circuit module mounted on a printed circuit board and
designed for use in personal computers, workstations, and servers.
4.
Hard Disk: A Hard disk is made up of magnetic storage device. It is used for storing and
retrieving digital information.
5.
Power Supply : SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply ) is used to supply DC step down
that is +5, -5, +12 -12 Voltages to the computer system.
6.
Wire connectors, sockets, signal bus connectors are used to connect all components inside
the computer.
7.
Computer fan : is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling,
and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air
from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component.
8.
Heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a
mechanical device into a coolant fluid in motion.
EXTERNAL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS : Connected externally to each other .
1. CPU (SYSTEM BOX): It is Metallic box which contains all INTERNAL COMPONENTS
of the computer system.
2. Keyboard
3. Mouse
4. Speaker
5. Monitor
6. Printer
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Connect all input and output devices to Computer System (CPU) and switch on the
Power Button , now computer starts after configuration screen , Operating system starts loading
on the memory, Loading of operating system files and by this we get icons on the desktop
screen known as user screen and the above process is known as booting process.
Locate the monitor cable. Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back
of the computer case and the other end to the monitor. Hand tighten the plastic-covered screws
on the monitor cable to secure it
Next connect keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or
a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the
back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the purple keyboard port on the
back of the computer.
Next connect mouse and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or
a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the
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back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the green mouse port on the back
of the computer.
If you have external speakers or headphones, you can connect them to your
computer's audio port (either on the front or the back of the computer case). Many
computers have color-coded ports. Speakers or headphones connect to the green port, and
a microphone connects to the pink port. The blue port is the line in, which can be used
with other types of devices. Some speakers, headphones, and microphones have USB
connectors instead of the usual audio plug. These can be connected to any USB port. In
addition, many computers have speakers or microphones built into the monitor.
Locate the two power supply cables that came with your computer. Plug the first
power supply cable into the back of the computer case, and then into a surge protector.
Then, using the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge protector. Finally, plug
the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need to turn on the surge protector if
it has a power switch.
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BOOTING PROCESS
In order for a computer to successfully boot, its BIOS(Basic Input Output System),
operating system and hardware components must all be working properly; failure of any one of
these three elements will likely result in a failed boot sequence.
When the computer's power is first turned on, the CPU initializes itself, which is
triggered by a series of clock ticks generated by the system clock. Part of the CPU's initialization
is to look to the system's ROM BIOS for its first instruction in the startup program. The ROM
BIOS stores the first instruction, which is the instruction to run the power-on self test (POST), in
a predetermined memory address. POST begins by checking the BIOS chip and then tests
CMOS RAM. If the POST does not detect a battery failure, it then continues to initialize the
CPU, checking the inventoried hardware devices (such as the video card), secondary storage
devices, such as hard drives and floppy drives, ports and other hardware devices, such as
the keyboard and mouse, to ensure they are functioning properly. Once the POST has determined
that all components are functioning properly and the CPU has successfully initialized, the BIOS
looks for an OS to load.
The BIOS typically looks to the CMOS chip to tell it where to find the OS, and in most
PCs, the OS loads from the C drive on the hard drive even though the BIOS has the capability to
load the OS from a floppy disk, CD or ZIP drive. The order of drives that the CMOS looks to in
order to locate the OS is called the boot sequence, which can be changed by altering the CMOS
setup. Looking to the appropriate boot drive, the BIOS will first encounter the boot record, which
tells it where to find the beginning of the OS and the subsequent program file that will initialize
the OS.
Once the OS initializes, the BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS basically takes
over control of the boot process. Now in control, the OS performs another inventory of the
system's memory and memory availability (which the BIOS already checked) and loads the
device drivers that it needs to control the peripheral devices, such as a printer, scanner, optical
drive, mouse and keyboard. This is the final stage in the boot process, after which the user can
access the systems applications to perform tasks.
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Wild Characters : There are 2 wild characters that can be used with directory name
?: denoted any one single characters.
* : denotes any no of characters.
Eg:
C:\Users>dir
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is C004-4A8F
Directory of C:\
08/29/2015 06:26 PM <DIR>
..
AppData
Contacts
08/29/2015 06:26 PM
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0 date
Desktop
Documents
Downloads
Favorites
Links
Music
Pictures
Saved Games
Searches
Videos
1 File(s)
0 bytes
C:\Users>dir a:*.exe
Lists all files on the A drive with an extension of exe.
C:\Users>dir b:KERMIT.*
Lists all files on the B drive with an extension of KERMIT.
C:\Users>dir a:labe?.com
Lists all five letters files with the first four letter LABE and an extension of com.
C:\Users>dir b:format.c??
Lists all files with a filename of format & an extension beginning with c.
Wild-card Characters can be used in combination.
Eg:
C:\Users>dir a:labe?.*
Lists all five letters files with the first four letter LABE and any extension.
C:\Users>dir c:*.ex?
Lists all files with an extension beginning with ex.
dir/w : This command is used to display the content of disk i.e files width wise i.e:- five
filenames per line.
Eg: C:\Users>dir
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is C004-4A8F
Directory of C:\Users
[.]
[..]
[Desktop]
[Music]
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[AppData]
[Contacts]
date
[Videos]
1 File(s)
0 bytes
Cd : Change directory command. Once you have located the directory you want, you may
move from directory to directory using cd command.
For Eg:
C:\Users> cd Rajendra
Moves you to directory called Rajendra.
C:\Users> cd\furniture\chairs
Moves you to directory called chairs under directory called furniture.
C:\Users> cd ..
Moves you up one level in the path.
C:\Users> cd \
Takes you back to root directory (c:in this case).
Type : This command is used to see the content of a specific file on the screen.
For Eg:
Del: This command is used to erase the file from the disk.
For Eg:
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Find : Locates all the lines which contain a specific string of text in a file or files.
Chkdsk: This command is used to display the report regarding the status of the disk.
For Eg: C:\Users>chkdsk
Attrib : Each and every file has some attributes stored for it.
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Deltree: It is used to delete all files or directories from the drive or directory from drive or
directory.
font : A font is a set of characters represented in a single typeface. Each character within a font
is created by using the same basic style.
Folders : Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. It consists of set of files.
Screen saver : Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-coated
screen. If the same image stays on the screen too long, there is a danger that the image will leave
a permanent imprint on the screen. A screensaver (or screen saver) is a computer program that
blanks the screen or fills it with moving images or patterns when the computer is not in use.
Initially designed to prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and plasma computer monitors (hence the
name), screensavers are now used primarily for entertainment, security or to display system
status information.
Scroll bars: In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window,
scrollbars will appear. A vertical scrollbar will appear at the right side of the window and a
horizontal scrollbar at the bottom of the window, depending on the fit. The vertical scrollbar
provides a way to move up and down. The horizontal scrollbar provides a way to move from left
to right.
icon : An icon is a graphic image. An icon is a pictogram displayed on a computer screen in order
to help the user navigate a computer system .
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Dialog box: The graphical control element dialog box (also called dialogue box or just dialog) is
a small window that communicates information to the user and prompts them for a response.
Tabs: Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a page
by clicking on the tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the Tab key to
flip through the pages).
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and monochrome, all with the .bmp extension), JPEG, GIF (without animation or
transparency, although the Windows 98 version, a Windows 95 upgrade, and
the Windows NT4 version did support the latter),PNG (without alpha channel), and
single-page TIFF. The program can be in color mode or two-color black-and-white, but
there is no grayscale mode.
Calculator
You can use Calculator to perform simple calculations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Calculator also offers the advanced capabilities of a
programming, scientific, and statistical calculator. You can perform calculations by
clicking the calculator buttons, or you can type calculations by using your keyboard. You
can also use the numeric keypad to type numbers and operators by pressing Num Lock.
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Procedure:
Steps to create email account:
Step 1: Click on the Free Sign Up Button
Step 2: Enter all mandatory fields (First Name, Last Name, Gender, etc.)
Step 3: Type in your desired Email Address
Step 4: Choose a secure Password (at least 8 characters, mixing letters, numbers, lower and
upper case, and using special characters)
Step 5:Select your Security Question, type in your Answer
Step 6: Verify your registration by typing the numbers in the captcha picture
Step 7:Click the "Accept" - Button underneath
How to send an email
Step 1: Log in to your Email account so that you are on the dashboard (main page) of your mail
account.
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UNIT-II
1.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open MS Office 2007 -MS Word File New
Step 3: Next save the file with appropriate name using File-Save As-Word Documentfilename.
OR
Procedure Using Mail Merge Option:
Step 1: Open MS Office 2007 -MS Word File New
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Step 2: Go to Mailings tab under that select Start Mail Merge under this select Step by
step mail merge wizard.
Step 3: Select type of document as letters & click on next.
Step 4: Next select use the current document & type business letter on body of Microsoft
word & click on next.
Step 5: Next create sender info like sender name, address if necessary & click ok and save
address as Microsoft Office Address lists & give file name and click on next & then preview
your letter & complete merge.
OUTPUT:
From ,
Abc,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli-580031.
To,
The Branch Manager,
State Bank of Mysore,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli-580031.
Sub: Blocking of Debit Card reg
Respected sir,
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With respect to subject cited above, I request you to block my debit card with number:
123456789 as I have lost it & reissue new card. I hope you will consider my request and do
needful as soon as possible.
Date:17.05.2015
Yours faithfully,
Place:Hubli.
(ABC)
2.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open MS Office 2007 -MS Word File New
Step 3: Next save the file with appropriate name using File-Save As-Word Documentfilename.
OR
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Step 2: Go to Mailings tab under that select Start Mail Merge under this select Step by
step mail merge wizard.
Step 3: Select type of document as letters & click on next.
Step 4: Next select use the current document & type personal letter on body of Microsoft
word & click on next.
Step 5: Next create sender info like sender name, address if necessary & click ok and save
address as Microsoft Office Address lists & give file name and click on next & then preview
your letter & complete merge.
OUTPUT
Dear XYZ,
Hi, how are you? By grace of almighty, I am fine here. As we have a holiday next
Monday, what do you say to a trip to goa? We could start early,say 6 a.m, in my car and return
by night. It will be a good chance from the routine. If you agree, I will arrange for the picnic.
Also get your handy cam with you.
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3.
Procedure:
Step 1: Sketch your letter head layout:
a) Before you design your letter head in word, draw layout of your letterhead on
piece of plain white paper.
b) Make sure to include companys logo, name, address & any other contact
information .You may include a tagline for your company.
Step 2: Open MS Office 2007 -MS Word File New
Step 3: Insert a header by clicking on Insert-header & select Blank header and enter
companys name, address, phone number, fax number, website & email address in text box.
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Adjust fonts, colors & sizes of text for each element .Insert logo by clicking on Insert
Picture .Browse to digital copy of your logo by clicking the logo & then clicking & dragging it
into place. Right click on image & select text wrapping and select Infront of text & click
ok.
Step 4: Next insert tagline or phone number in your footer by clicking on footer on insert
tab. Adjust font or size of information added on footer.
Step 5: You can add watermark on body of your letterhead by going to page layout: tab
and select custom watermark & you will get printed watermark and enter the text you want
to display on text menu and select font, size, color and layout of text and click on ok.
Step 6: Review your letterhead by pressing on esc key to close header & footer sections.
OUTPUT:
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4. Using Word Processor Application create a Simple Newsletter with minimum of three
columns. Insert a Clip art in the newsletter.
PROCEDURE
Step 1. Open MS Office 2007-MS Word File New - Type the heading.
Step 2. Go to PageLayout-Columns - select the number of columns you want and click ok.
Step 3: Type news and whenever you need curser in the next column then go to
Insert - Break- now select Column Break click Ok.
Step 4: If you want picture to be inserted then go to Insert- Clip Art and search for the required
picture/file and then select it.
Step 5: Format the text by changing the font size and color by selecting the required text and
chose font size, style and color in Home tab or you can also format text by using word art by
selecting the text and applying Word art & then chose the style u Want and click Ok.
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OUTPUT:
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5.
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Step 2. Go to View- Header and Footer- Type name, mobile number inside the Header-blank
& type name, mobile number & address in header.
Step 3. Type the rest of information like objective, summary of qualification, Technical skills,
Soft skills & work history/ experience & personal details.
Step 4. Format the resume by selecting appropriate font, alignment & use table to insert
education qualification. To insert table Go to Insert-Table- chose Number of Columns and Rows
to .Whenever you want to increase the number of column in the existing row, Select that row and
right clicks-click Split Cells- enter number of columns click Ok. In order to decrease the existing
column numbers, select that columns and right click- click Merge cells.
Step 5. Finally type the declaration outside the table with your name aligning right
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OUTPUT:
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6.
Using Word Processor Application create the cover page of a Project Report (use Word
Art, insert Picture Image).
Procedure:
Step 1. Open MS Office 2007-MS Word File New
Step 2. Either go to Insert-cover page-and select built-in cover page or create cover page
from scratch.
Step 3. To create cover page from scratch type university name, project title, guide name etc
as per format.
Step 4. To insert the institution logo keep the cursor at position you want to insert logo then
go to Insert-Picture-From File and browse for the required picture/file - then click insert.
Step 5. Format the title of your project by selecting and applying the Word art. For that go to
Insert- Picture-Wordart- then chose the style you want and click Ok.
Step 6. In order to insert the border for your project cover page Go to the Page Layout-Page
Borders - the style and color of your choice-click OK.
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OUTPUT:
Government of Karnataka
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7.
Prepare the class time table for your class using Word Processor Application.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open MS Office 2007 -MS Word File New.
Step 2: Click on Insert tab & click on Table- Select Number of Columns & Number of
rows & click ok.
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8 To 9
9.0
0
TO
&
Day
10.0
0
TO
10.
00
MONDAY
BCS LAB
CEE
E
MATHS1
SCIE
NCE
CEE
E
MATHS1
SCIE
NCE
CEE
E
MATHS1
BII
-
THURSDA
Y
1.30
To
L
CEE MATHSE
1
BI
WEDNESD
AY
12 To 1
2.30
3.30
To
To
3.30
4.30
2.30
11.0
0
BCS LAB
TUESDAY
11
To
12
BEEE LAB
BII
H
-
ICC
B
FRIDAY
SATURDA
Y
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SCIENC
E
SCIENCE LAB
SCIENC
E
SCIENCE LAB
BI
BII
BEEE LAB
R
BII
-
K
HOD
8.
PRINCIPAL
Using Spreadsheet Application, create a worksheet with five columns. Enter ten records
and find the sum of all columns using auto sum feature.
Procedure:
Step 3: Find the sum of each column by selecting all the cells in that columns except heading and
going to formulas tab and click on auto sum feature.
Step 4: Continue the same procedure with all the other columns as in step 3.
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OUTPUT:
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9.
You have a monthly income of Rs.11000. Your monthly expenditures are Rent- Rs 3500,
Food- Rs. 1500, Electricity- Rs.110, Phone- Rs. 160, and Cable TV-Rs. 300. Prepare a
worksheet with the Monthly Income, the Monthly Expenditures listed and summed,
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monthly savings amount (whats left over each month) calculated, and the amount saved
per day (assuming 30 days in a month). Use Spreadsheet Application.
Procedure:
Step 2: Enter Monthly Income, all Monthly Expenditures and then select all expenditures &
select autosum and sum will appear in next row and calculate monthly saving by monthly
income- monthly expenditure i.e. c1-c8.
Step 3: Next Calculate amount saved per day by using (monthly savings)/30 i.e. c9/30.
OUTPUT:
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10. Using Spreadsheet Application, create a worksheet containing the pay details (containing
Basic pay, DA, HRA ,Other Allowance , Deductions- PF, PT, Insurance, Gross and Net
salary) of the employees using formulas.
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Procedure:
Step 1. Open MS Office 2007-MS Excel File New
Step 2: Enter the column Headings. Enter the data of following columns manually
Name, Basic, Other Allowances(300 for all employees) and calculate DA ,HRA & gross
using the respective values.
DA (90% of BASIC) =B2*90%
HRA (40% of BASIC) =B2*40%
Gross =SUM (B2:E2) or =B2+C2+D2+E2
Step 3: Next calculate PF=10 %*(Basic+DA) i.e.=10%*(B2+C2), PT (200 fixed for all
employees), Insurance(1000 fixed for all employees ) and calculate deduction
(PF+PT+INSURANCE)
Step 5: After Writing each formula select the cell and drag to the entire column to apply.
Note: The above formulas and values are assumed, you can modify as per your
convenience.
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OUTPUT:
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11. Using Spreadsheet Application, create a Simple Bar Chart to highlight the sales of a
company for three different periods.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open Microsoft Excel 2007.
Step 2: Enter Sales data for a period of 3 months January , February and march and calculate
sum of cell using auto sum feature.
Step 3: To create a bar chart for the sales data, select on sales data and go to insert tab go to
charts and select on appropriate bar chart layout.
Step 4: Format the bar chart by right clicking on bar chart and using format data labels.
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OUTPUT:
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12. Using Spreadsheet Application, create a Pie Chart for a sample data and give legends.
PROCEDURE:
Step 2: Enter Sales data for a period of 3 months January , February and march and calculate
sum of cell using auto sum feature.
Step 3: To create a pie chart for the sales data, select on sales data and go to insert tab go to
charts and select on appropriate pie chart layout.
Step 4: Format the pie chart by right clicking on pie chart and using format data labels.
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OUTPUT:
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13. Using presentation tool, Create a simple Presentation consisting of 4-5 slides about Input
and Output Devices.
PROCEDURE:
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Step 1: Open Microsoft PowerPoint 2007.You will see a blank screen with two boxes in the
middle of the screen. One of the boxes says Click to add title ,the other says Click to add
subtitle.
Step 2: On the tab at the upper left side of the screen ,click the File tab.
OUTPUT:
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14. Create a presentation about a book containing Title, Author, Publisher and Contents.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open Microsoft PowerPoint 2007.You will see a blank screen with two boxes in the
middle of the screen. One of the boxes says Click to add title,the other says Click to add
subtitle.
Step 2: On the tab at the upper left side of the screen , click the File tab.
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OUTPUT:
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15. Create an automated (timings & animation) Presentation with five slides about different
Models of Computers. Use Presentation tool.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open MS Office-MS Power Point File New - Blank Presentation
Step 2: In order to insert new slide go to Insert - New Slide-Type your text.
Step 4: To add animation to the picture or image, just click on Animation-Transition to this slide.
You can also use Custom animation to apply animation to the Text/Content, for that select the
object- go to Slide Show- Custom animation- click add effect- choose the style.
Step 5: To add speed(motion) for the animation of slide , go to animation-transition speed like
fast, Medium & slow. Select the types of speed to add.
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OUTPUT:
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