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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRICAL MACHINES-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
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Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain clearly, the fractional slot winding with all related calculations.
(b) A part of an alternator winding consist of six coils in series, each coil having
an EMF of 10 V RMS induced in it. The coils are placed in successive slots
and between each slot and the next; there is an electrical phase displacement
of 30o . Find the EMF of the six coils in series. [8+8]
2. (a) What are harmonics? Explain how harmonics are present in generated e.m.f
of alternator? What are the effects of hormonics an generated emf?
(b) A star connected 3-Φ alternator has an induced EMF of 400 V between the
lines. Due to presence of third harmonic component, the phase voltage is 244
V. Find the value of
i. Find the value of third harmonic voltage. [10+6]
3. (a) Explain the ‘Zero power factor’ method of finding voltage regulation of an
alternator.
(b) The no load excitation of an alternator required to give rated voltage is 1
pu. In a short circuit test with full current flowing in the armature, the field
excitation was 0.75 pu. Determine the approximate excitation that will be
required to give full load current at 0.866 PF lagging at the rated terminal
voltage. [8+8]
4. A 4 kVA, 3-Φ, 110 V, 50 Hz, star connected alternator has ×d = 3 Ω & xq = 2 Ω.

The machine is delivering full load current at 0.8 pf lagging at rated voltage. Find
the induced EMF, load angle, maximum power delivered. [16]
5. (a) A 3-Φ, star connected, 440 V, synchronous motor takes a power input of 5472
W at rated voltage. Its synchronous reactance is 10 Ω/ph and resistance is
negligible. If its excitation voltage is adjusted equal to rated voltage of 400
V, compute the load angle, power factor and armature current.
(b) Derive an expression for the synchronizing power developed by a synchronous
motor. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the importance of ‘power circles’ in determining the characteristics

of a synchronous machine.
(b) Explain the phenomenon of Hunting in synchronous machine? [8+8]
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7. The following test results were obtained in case of a 220 V single phase induction
motor:
Free running test: 220V, 5.8 A, 310 W
Blocked rotor test: 120 V, 13.8 A, 530 W
Stator winding resistance = 1.4 Ω
Determine the approximate equivalent circuit of motor. [16]
8. (a) Explain the torque-speed characteristics of reluctance motor.

(b) Explain the dynamic characteristic of stepper motor. [8+8]
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?????
1. (a) Explain clearly, the fractional slot winding with all related calculations.
(b) A part of an alternator winding consist of six coils in series, each coil having
an EMF of 10 V RMS induced in it. The coils are placed in successive slots
and between each slot and the next; there is an electrical phase displacement
of 30o . Find the EMF of the six coils in series. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

(b) The SC, OC & DC test data for a star connected 25 kVA, 240 V, 60 Hz,
alternator are (between two terminals):
VOC = 240 V, ISC = 60.2 A - - - - For same field current
VDC = 120.6 V, IDC = 50.4 A
Determine: Synchronous reactance. [8+8]
3. A 3-Φ, 1200 kVA, 2.2 kV, 50 Hz star connected alternator having an effective per
phase resistance of 0.22 Ω gave the following results: [16]
Field Current (A) 8 10 15 20 25 30 40 50
OC Voltage VL 700 850 1250 1700 1950 2200 2430 2700
SC Current (A) - - 180 240 320 - - -
Find the voltage regulation by MMF method at
(a) 0.8 pf lagging

(b) 0.8 pf leading.
4. A 200 MVA, 11 kV, 3-Φ, star connected alternator is operated at rated speed and
voltage and at no load. A sudden 3-Φ short circuit occurs at its terminals. The pu
reactances are ×d = 1.3, ×0d = 0.25 ×00d = 0.15 (pu). The initial DC component is
60 % of the initial AC component of current. (Take Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec)
Find:
(a) AC component of current at the instant of short circuit.

(b) Total current at the instant of short circuit.
(c) AC component of current after 1 cycle
(d) AC component of current after 2 sec. [16]
Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec.
5. (a) Explain the ‘V-curves’ & ‘inverted V curves’ of synchronous motor.

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(b) A 75 kW, 400 V, 4 pole, star connected synchronous motor has an effective
per phase armature resistance & reactance of 0.04 Ω & 0.4 Ω respectively.
Compute the open circuit voltage/ph and mechanical power developed for full
load at 0.8 pf leading. Assume an efficiency of 92.5 %. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain the procedure to plot ‘V curves’ & ‘inverted V’ curves for a given
synchronous machine with help of its circles diagrams.
(b) A 2 pole, 50 Hz, 3-Φ turbo alternator is excited to generate a bus-bar voltage of
11 kV on no load. The machine is star connected and the short circuit current
for this excitation is 1000 A. Calculate the synchronizing power per degree
of mechanical displacement of the rotor and the corresponding synchronizing
torque. [8+8]
7. The constants of a quarter HP, 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole single phase IM are as follows:
Stator resistance = 10.0 Ω ; Stator reactance = 12.8 Ω, Magnetising reactance =
258 Ω,
Rotor resistance referred to stator =11.65 Ω, Rotor reactance referred to stator
=12.8 Ω
The total load is such that the machine runs at 3% slip, when the voltage is at 210
V. The iron losses are 35.5 W at 210 V. If mechanical losses are 7 W; Calculate:
(a) Input current

(b) Power developed
(c) Shaft power
(d) Efficiency. [4×4=16]
8. (a) Compare AC series motor & DC series motor. What are the operational
difficulties of each?
(b) Explain the variable reluctance motor principle. [8+8]
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1. (a) What are the various terms related with windings? Explain each of them with
their importance.
(b) A star connected 3-Φ, 6 pole synchronous generator has a stator with 90 slots
& 8 conductors per slot. The rotor revolves at 1000 rpm. The flux per pole
is 40 mWb. Calculate the EMF generated, if all the conductors in each phase
are in series. Assume sinusoidal flux distribution & full pitched coil. [8+8]
2. (a) A 16 pole, 3-Φ star connected alternator has 144 slots. The coils are short
pitched by one slot. The flux per pole is Φ = 100 sin θ + 30 sin 3θ + 20 sin
5θ. Find the harmonics as percentage of phase voltage & line voltage.
(b) Define
i. synchronous reactance
ii. Synchronous impedance and
iii. leakage reactance in an alternator. [10+6]
3. A 3- Φ, 440 V, 50 Hz, delta connected alternator has direct axis & quadrature axis
reactance of 0.12 Ω and 0.09 Ω respectively. If the alternator supplies 900 A at 0.8
pf lagging, calculate the following: [8+8]
(a) the excitation EMF, neglecting saliency (Xd = Xq )

(b) the excitation EMF, taking into account the saliency.
Neglect armature resistance.
4. (a) Explain the ‘two bright one dark’ & ‘all dark’ method of synchronization of
alternators.
(b) The EMFs of two alternators are 30006 200 & 29006 00 V. Their synchronous
impedances are 2 + j20 Ω/ph & 2.5 + j30 Ω/ph. The load impedance is 10 +
j4 Ω/ph. Find the circulating current. [8+8]
5. (a) An industrial load of 800 kW is supplied at 11 kV, the power factor being
0.71 lagging. A synchronous motor of 400 kVA is installed for an additional
load and improve power factor. The synchronous motor load is 160 kW at
efficiency of 90 %. For synchronous motor operation at rated kVA, calculate
total kVA & resultant power factor.
(b) Obtain the condition for the maximum power developed by a synchronous
motor. [8+8]
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6. (a) Explain the procedure to plot ‘V curves’ & ‘inverted V’ curves for a given
synchronous machine with help of its circles diagrams.
(b) A 2 pole, 50 Hz, 3-Φ turbo alternator is excited to generate a bus-bar voltage of
11 kV on no load. The machine is star connected and the short circuit current
for this excitation is 1000 A. Calculate the synchronizing power per degree
of mechanical displacement of the rotor and the corresponding synchronizing
torque. [8+8]
7. (a) The following data pertains to a single phase Induction motor:

No. of poles = 4, Supply voltage = 110, Rated output = 125 W,
Slip = 6%, total full load copper losses = 25 W, Rotational losses =
25W. Calculate the full load efficiency & the rotor copper loss caused by the
backward field. Neglect stator resistance.
(b) Give the comparison between ‘capacitor start-capacitor run’ single phase In-
duction motor & ‘capacitor start-run motor’ single phase Induction motor.
[8+8]
8. (a) Explain how the speed of Universal motor can be controlled.

(b) Explain ‘conductively compensated’ AC series motor & ‘inductively compen-
sated’ AC series motor. [8+8]
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1. (a) Explain the construction & working principle of 3-Φ alternator.

(b) One phase of a 3-Φ alternator consist of twelve coils in series. Each coil has an
RMS voltage of 10 V induced in it and coils are arranged in slots so that there
is a successive phase displacement of 10o electrical between the EMFs in each
coil and the next. Find the RMS value of the total phase voltage developed
by the winding. If the alternator has six poles and is driven at 1000 rpm,
calculate the frequency of the EMF generated. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

(b) The SC, OC & DC test data for a star connected 25 kVA, 240 V, 60 Hz,
alternator are (between two terminals):
VOC = 240 V, ISC = 60.2 A - - - - For same field current
VDC = 120.6 V, IDC = 50.4 A
Determine: Synchronous reactance. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the assumptions made in calculation of voltage regulation of an alter-
natator by synchronous impedance method.
(b) The following table gives the OCC & SCC of a 2 pole, 6.6kV, 50 Hz, 3-Φ star
connected alternator. The stator resistance between two terminals is 0.02 Ω.
Calculate the regulation at full load current of 350 A at 0.8 pf lagging (by
synchronous impedance method) [6+10]
If 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
EOL -kV 5.3 6.2 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.9
(where EOL is the line voltage at no load)
4. (a) Why parallel operation of alternators is necessary? What are the advantages
of connecting alternators in parallel?
(b) A 5 MVA, 10kV, 1500 RPM, 3-Φ, 50 Hz alternator is opening on infinite bus
bar. Find synchronizing power per mechanical degree of angular displacement
at: [8+8]
i. No load
ii. Full load at rated voltage & 0.8 power factor lagging. Also find synchro-
nizing torque for a 0.5o mechanical displacement in each case. ×s =20%
5. (a) Justify statement ‘An over excited synchronous motor acts as synchronous
condenser’

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(b) A 600 V, 6 pole, 3-Φ, star connected, synchronous motor has a resistance &
reactance of 0.4 Ω/ph & 7 Ω/ph respectively. It takes a current of 15 A at UPF
when operating with a certain field current. With the field current remains
constant, the load torque is increased till the motor draws a current of 50 A.
Find the gross torque developed and the new pf. [8+8]
6. Construct curves showing the relation between armature current v/s field current
& power factor v/s field current for a star connected synchronous motor with a
synchronous reactance of 8.25 Ω/ph and negligible resistance. The machine takes
a constant power input of 800 kW at 6.6 kV. The OC characteristic is as follows: [16]
V (kV) 3 4 5 6 6.6 7 7.5 8

If Amp 16 23 31 41 50 56 69 85
7. (a) Why single phase motors are not self starting?

(b) Explain the necessary arrangements made to make single phase Induction
motor self starting & with neat diagram explain the operations of same. [8+8]
8. (a) Derive torque equation of AC series motor.

(b) Explain the operation of permanent magnet stepper motor. [8+8]
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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 1

4. A 4 kVA, 3-Φ, 110 V, 50 Hz, star connected alternator has ×d = 3 Ω & xq = 2 Ω.

6. (a) Explain the importance of ‘power circles’ in determining the characteristics

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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 1

8. (a) Explain the torque-speed characteristics of reluctance motor.

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 2

2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

Field Current (A) 8 10 15 20 25 30 40 50

(a) 0.8 pf lagging

(a) AC component of current at the instant of short circuit.

Td ’ = 1 Sec & Td ” = 0.05 Sec.

5. (a) Explain the ‘V-curves’ & ‘inverted V curves’ of synchronous motor.

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 2

(a) Input current

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Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 3

(a) the excitation EMF, neglecting saliency (Xd = Xq )

Neglect armature resistance.

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 3

7. (a) The following data pertains to a single phase Induction motor:

8. (a) Explain how the speed of Universal motor can be controlled.

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 4

1. (a) Explain the construction & working principle of 3-Φ alternator.

2. (a) Explain the factors affecting synchronous reactance of alternator.

3. (a) Explain the assumptions made in calculation of voltage regulation of an alter-

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: V3111/R07 Set No. 4

V (kV) 3 4 5 6 6.6 7 7.5 8

7. (a) Why single phase motors are not self starting?

8. (a) Derive torque equation of AC series motor.

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