240-61227631 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Rev 1

Standard
Title:
Piping and Instrumentation

Diagram (P&ID) Standard
Technology
Unique Identifier:
240-61227631
Alternative Reference Number:
N/A
Area of Applicability:
Engineering
Documentation Type:
Standard
Revision:
Total Pages:
69
Next Review Date:
April 2015
Disclosure Classification:
CONTROLLED
DISCLOSURE
Compiled by
Functional Responsibility
Authorised by
..
..
..
C de Beer
L Fernandez
D Odendaal
Chief Engineer Technology

Convenor: Work Group for
Process Engineering artefacts
Senior Manager: Systems

Integration (B2B Engineering
Processes/System Lead)
General Manager: Plant

Engineering (B2B Engineering
Tools Programme Lead)
Date:
Date:
Date:
<document Styles not according to Template, requires to be fixed in next review>
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard
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CONTENTS
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................4
Supporting clauses ................................................................................................................................4

2.1
Scope ................................................................................................................................................4
2.2
Purpose ............................................................................................................................................4
2.3
Applicability .......................................................................................................................................4
2.3.1
Applicability during the Design Phase ......................................................................................4
2.3.2
Applicability during the Operational Phase ...............................................................................5
2.4
Normative/informative references .....................................................................................................5
2.4.1
Normative .................................................................................................................................5
2.4.2
Informative ................................................................................................................................5
2.5
Definitions .........................................................................................................................................6
2.5.1
Auxiliaries .................................................................................................................................6
2.5.2
Block diagram (BD)...................................................................................................................6
2.5.3
Business process ......................................................................................................................6
2.5.4
Component ...............................................................................................................................7
2.5.5
Design baseline ........................................................................................................................7
2.5.6
Design basis .............................................................................................................................7
2.5.7
Equipment .................................................................................................................................7
2.5.8
Flow schematics .......................................................................................................................7
2.5.9
Interface ....................................................................................................................................7
2.5.10
Off page connector ...................................................................................................................7
2.5.11
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) ............................................................................7
2.5.12
Plant process ............................................................................................................................8
2.5.13
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) ...................................................................................................8
2.5.14
Process parameter ...................................................................................................................8
2.5.15
Redundant equipment ..............................................................................................................8
2.5.16
Service ......................................................................................................................................8
2.5.17
Services ....................................................................................................................................8
2.5.18
Subsystem ................................................................................................................................8
2.5.19
System ......................................................................................................................................9
2.5.20
System physical boundary ........................................................................................................9
2.5.21
Tag ............................................................................................................................................9
2.5.22
Utilities ......................................................................................................................................9
2.5.23
Utility Flow Diagram (UFD) .......................................................................................................9
2.6
Classification .....................................................................................................................................9
2.7
Abbreviations and acronyms ..........................................................................................................10
2.8
Roles and responsibilities ...............................................................................................................10
2.9
Process for monitoring ....................................................................................................................10
2.10
Related/supporting documents .......................................................................................................10
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard details ....................................................................10

3.1
Definitions and abbreviations .........................................................................................................11
3.1.1
Representation .......................................................................................................................11
3.1.2
Drawing application ................................................................................................................11
3.1.3
Drawing title block ...................................................................................................................11
3.1.4
Drawing layout ........................................................................................................................11
CONTROLLED DISCLOSURE
When downloaded from the EDMS, this document is uncontrolled and the responsibility rests with the user to
ensure it is in line with the authorised version on the system.
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.1.10
3.1.11
3.1.12
3.1.13
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Layering ..................................................................................................................................12
Scaling ....................................................................................................................................13
Symbology / symbol standards ...............................................................................................13
Arrangement of inscription ......................................................................................................13
Direction of flow ......................................................................................................................14
Equipment lists .......................................................................................................................14
Equipment numbering.............................................................................................................14
Implementation standards ......................................................................................................14
Vendor supplied documents ...................................................................................................14
3.2
Implementation options ..................................................................................................................15
3.2.1
Motors .....................................................................................................................................15
3.2.2
Conveyors ...............................................................................................................................15
3.2.3
Screens and underpans..........................................................................................................15
3.2.4
Chutes.....................................................................................................................................16
3.2.5
Agitators ..................................................................................................................................16
3.2.6
Blowers ...................................................................................................................................16
3.2.7
Compressors and blowers ......................................................................................................16
3.2.8
Pumps .....................................................................................................................................16
3.2.9
Exceptions ..............................................................................................................................17
4
Authorisation ........................................................................................................................................18
Revisions ...............................................................................................................................................18
Development team ................................................................................................................................18
Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................18
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................20
Appendix A : Position of P&ID in Design PCM ..........................................................................................21

A.1 Design System PCM Perform Plant Process Design .......................................................................21
A.2 Design Process ....................................................................................................................................23
Appendix B : Standard cell library for plant process diagrams ..............................................................24
B.1 Piping symbols .....................................................................................................................................24
B.2 General labels ......................................................................................................................................35
B.3 Instrumentation symbols ......................................................................................................................38
B.4 Hydraulic system symbols ....................................................................................................................47
B.5 Equipment symbols ..............................................................................................................................52
B.6 Design symbols ....................................................................................................................................67
B.7 Labels ...................................................................................................................................................68
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Introduction
P&IDs show the engineering details of process plant equipment, process flow details,
instruments, process control loops, piping, valves and fittings; their location and their
arrangement.
This Standard provides criteria for the development of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
(P&IDs) as well as the criteria to assist with the set-up and use of the key items on the P&ID
symbol library.
1 Supporting clauses
1.1
Scope
This P&ID Standard is primarily based on the international standard, ISO 10628: Flow diagrams
for process plants general rules, as well as from the symbols and procedures applied in
previous Eskom Group Technology projects. However, the industry has no generally accepted
standards for the type and amount of information contained in a P&ID. This standard therefore
defines Eskoms requirements for P&IDs, including the development process, detailed
requirements and applicable examples.
This standard addresses the format and content shown on a P&ID. The information requirement
is independent of the maturity of the P&ID or the phase in its life cycle, and therefore includes
application in the design, construction, operational and maintenance phases.
Note that this standard applies directly to utility flow diagrams (UFDs) but not to process flow
diagrams (PFDs), block diagrams (BDs) or process flow schematics (PFSs). These three types
are covered by the Process Flow Diagram Standard, 240-54690969.
1.2
Purpose
The purpose of this Standard is to provide detailed criteria for designers to prepare P&IDs. P&IDs
form the specification basis for the instrumentation requirements of a project or in support of plant
modifications. It is also the basis for developing all control loops and control logics of a plant.
1.3
Applicability
This document shall apply throughout Eskoms Divisions. The intended users of this Standard
include both Eskom technical personnel as well as contractors. Where contractors cannot provide
P&IDs in accordance with this standard, provision needs to be made for redrafting the P&IDs to
meet this standard.
This standard is applicable during the design phase as well as the operational phase, e.g.
modifications.
1.3.1
Applicability during the Design Phase
The development of P&IDs is a key step in the design process since it forms the basis for a range
of other design elements. The following are design outflows from the P&IDs:
specification of process equipment;
specification of pipes, fittings and valves;
specification of operational technologies;
specification of instrumentation and control systems;
integration of the plant processes;
integration of operational technologies;
development of the volumetric layout;
development of operating manuals;
specification of the construction sequence; and
specification of the commissioning sequence.
1.3.2
Applicability during the Operational Phase
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During the Operational Phase, plant operability is reviewed in order to improve plant efficiencies,
process control and safety. P&IDs need to be fully reviewed in preparation for any modifications
or changes to the control systems or control logics.
The management of FDs after the design phase is controlled through the Engineering Change
Management System.
1.4
Normative/informative references
Parties using this document shall apply the most recent edition of the documents listed in the
following paragraphs.
1.4.1
Normative
[1]
ISO 9001, Quality Management Systems.
[2]
ISO 10628-1, Flow diagrams for process plants General rules, 1997
[3]
A De La Guerre, Process Control Manual (PCM) for Design System, 240-42722776,

September 2011.
[4]
Eskom drawing office standard and symbol library NPZ 45-698.
[5]
Eskom Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Standard 240-53114181
[6]
ISO 15926, "Industrial automation systems and integration Integration of life-cycle data for
process plants including oil and gas production facilities".
[7]
SANS M 33a: 1992, The international metric system (SI) Guide to the use of the SI in
South Africa.
[8]
KKS Key Part Fossil Power Station Standard, N.PSZ 45-45, April 2008.
1.4.2
Informative
[1]
ISO 14084-1, Process diagrams for power plants Part 1: Specification for diagrams
[2]
ISO 14084-2, Process diagrams for power plants Part 2: Graphical symbols
[3]
GGS 0182, Process flow diagrams and piping and instrumentation diagrams, February
1999.
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[4]
ISA S5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification Standards, 1984 (rev. 1992)
[5]
ISA S5.2, Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations
[6]
ISA S5.3, Graphical Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic
and Computer Systems
[7]
ISA S5.4, Instrument Loop Diagrams
[8]
ISA S5.5, Graphic Symbols for Process Displays
[9]
ISA S51.1, Process Instrumentation Terminology
[10] IPS-E-PR-170, Engineering standard for process flow diagrams, 2000.

[11] PIP PIC001, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria, April 2008
[12] R K Sinnott, Coulson & Richardson's Chemical Engineering: Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and
Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, 3rd edition, 1999
[13] R Mulley & T McAvinew, Control system documentation: applying symbols and
identification, ISA, 2004
[14] B Liptak, Instrument Engineers Handbook Vol I Process Measurement and Analysis,
2003.
[15] A Kayode-Coker, Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants,
Vol. 1, 4th edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2007
[16] W C. Dunn, Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, McGraw-Hill,
2005
[17] W C. Dunn, Introduction to Instrumentation, Sensors, and Process Control, Artech House,
Inc., 2006
1.5
Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply:

1.5.1
Auxiliaries
See Utilities in Paragraph 1.5.22

1.5.2
Block diagram (BD)
A BD is a form of PFD where individual equipment symbols are not shown but rather complete
processes (systems or sub-systems) and these are simply represented by rectangular blocks.
1.5.3
Business process
A set of defined ad-hoc or sequenced collaborative activities performed in a repeatable fashion by

an organization. Processes are triggered by events and may have multiple possible outcomes. A
successful outcome of a process will deliver value to one or more stakeholders.
1.5.4
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Component
A system element comprised of multiple parts; a cleanly identified item.

1.5.5
Design baseline
A design that has been formally reviewed and agreed upon, that thereafter serves as the basis for
use and further development, and that can be changed only by using an approved change control
process.
1.5.6
Design basis
Design basis consists of the design inputs, the design constraints, and the design analysis and
calculations. It includes topical areas such as seismic qualification, fire protection, and safe
shutdown. The design basis encompasses consideration of such factors as facility availability,
facility efficiency, costs, and maintainability, and that subset that relates to safety and the
authorization basis. The design basis explains why a design requirement has been specified in a
particular manner or as a particular value.
1.5.7
Equipment
Generic term used to describe physical hardware and associated firmware / software that may
constitute a system or subsystem or component.
1.5.8
Flow schematics
Flow schematics are derived from FDs with the difference that each FD element is represented by
a schematic that approximates the physical configuration of the actual equipment rather than a
general symbol.
1.5.9
Interface
An interface is a shared boundary between two functional units, defined by functional

characteristics, common physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics, or other
characteristics, as appropriate.
1.5.10 Off page connector
Streams on FDs may link to the same system on other drawings or with interfacing systems. Off
page connectors indicate how the drawings are connected to other drawings.
1.5.11 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
The piping and instrument diagram (P&ID) is based on the process flow diagram and represents
the technical realisation of a process by means of graphical symbols for equipment and piping
together with process measurement and control elements.
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1.5.12 Plant process

A plant process is a particular, specific sequence of steps to change the raw materials,
intermediates, or sub-assemblies into the finished product or outcome. These process steps may
involve conversion of an existing process stream into a new sequence of steps to meet facility
requirements. Proven sequences of steps involve the least risk, while experimental processes
have a potential for change or problems.
1.5.13 Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
The PFD represents a process or a process plant with the aid of graphical symbols
interconnected by flow lines. The graphical symbols represent equipment and the lines represent
mass and energy flows or energy carriers.
1.5.14 Process parameter
A process parameter is one of a set of numerical or other measurable factors that defines a plant
process or sets the conditions of its operation. A process parameter can also indicate a quantity
whose value is selected for a particular circumstance and in relation to which other variable
quantities may be expressed.
1.5.15 Redundant equipment
Redundant equipment exists when two elements within a system performs an identical function at
different times. A component which is not functional in conjunction with other similar equipment or
component is considered as Spare or on Stand-by mode.
1.5.16 Service
A service is the performance of activities such as design, fabrication, inspection, non-destructive
examination, repair, or installation.
1.5.17 Services
See utilities in paragraph 1.5.22. Services should not be confused with service as defined in
paragraph 1.5.16.
1.5.18 Subsystem
A subsystem is an integrated set of assemblies, components, and parts which performs a cleanly
and clearly separated function, involving similar technical skills, or a separate supplier.
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1.5.19 System
A set or arrangement of elements [people, products (hardware and software) and processes
(facilities, equipment, material, and procedures)] that are related, and whose behaviour satisfies
operational needs and provides for the life cycle sustainment of the products
1.5.20 System physical boundary
The physical boundary of a system is defined by the equipment and components bearing the
same KKS / AKZ designation within the system.
1.5.21 Tag
For the purposes of labelling instrumentation and control components, a hardware device or a
software point is identified with a systematic tag number.
1.5.22 Utilities
The term utilities includes electricity, water, fuel, air, and steam used in the production of a
product. Utilities are in some cases also referred to as services or auxiliaries. It should not be
confused with the term Utility as is commonly used to describe the role of Eskom in the South
African economy.
Typically utilities may include the following systems:
Potable water system
Sewage treatment system
Fire water system
Electricity supply system
Demineralised water system
Centralised gas system
Instrument air system
Compressed air system
1.5.23 Utility Flow Diagram (UFD)

Utility flow diagrams (UFDs) are similar to P&IDs. It is a schematic representation of the utility
systems within a process plant, showing all lines and other means required for the transport,
distribution and collection of utilities. The process equipment in the UFD can be represented as a
box with inscriptions (identification number) and with utility connections.
1.6
Classification
Controlled disclosure: controlled disclosure to external parties (either enforced by law, or

discretionary).
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Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation or Acronym
Description
AKZ
Anlagenkennzeichnungssystem (German for Plant

Classification System)
BD
Block diagram
C&I
Control and Instrumentation (diagram)
FD
Flow diagram
ISA
The Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
KKS
Kraftwerk Kennzeichensystem (German for Power Plant

Classification System)
M&E
Mass and Energy (balance)
P&ID
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
PFD
Process Flow Diagram
UFD
Utility Flow Diagram
1.8
Roles and responsibilities
The responsibility to define the input conditions into the standard P&IDs rests with Group
Technology Engineering CoE.
An Authorised Specialist CoE Engineer will be responsible for compiling the P&ID in accordance
with this standard, and general drawing standards.
The Specialist CoE Manager will be accountable for the P&ID.
1.9
Process for monitoring
Not applicable.
1.10
Related/supporting documents
P&IDs are based on the approved process flow diagrams (PFDs) developed during the concept
engineering phase of the project.
The following documents support this standard:
Process Control Manual (PCM) for Design System
Symbol library for P&ID diagrams
Work Instruction for process flow diagrams
2 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard details
2.1
Definitions and abbreviations
2.1.1
Representation
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The representation and designation of all the equipment, instrumentation and piping should
comply with the requirements of this Standard. Auxiliary systems may be represented by
rectangular boxes with reference to the separate diagrams.
Dimensions of the graphical symbols for equipment and machinery (except pumps, drivers, valves
and fittings) should reflect the actual dimensions relative to one another as to scale and elevation.
The graphical symbols for process measurement and control functions for equipment, machinery
and piping, as well as piping and valves themselves, shall be shown in the logical position with
respect to their functions.
All equipment shall be represented such that the consistency in their dimensions is considered if
not in contrast to the good representation of the equipment.
2.1.2
Drawing application
The Bentley and SmartPlant P&ID packages are the preferred drawing software applications to be
used for developing Group Technology P&IDs. The software versions of these applications are to
be specified prior to commencement of any P&ID work.
2.1.3
Drawing title block
The drawing title block has to have fields for the title, revision, approval, the logos and the
drawing number. See drawing Standard 45-698
2.1.4
Drawing layout
Layout each P&ID to avoid clutter and allow for future modifications. As far as possible,
P&IDs should represent a complete plant, system or sub-system according to the Eskom
plant breakdown structure. However, no more than ten items of major equipment should
be shown per P&ID.
The primary fluid flow on each P&ID is depicted from left to right.
The inlet and outlet of equipment shall be drawn relative to the actual equipment layout
(e.g. cooling water supply at the bottom of an exchanger, while tube bundle and cooling
water out let at the top of an exchanger).
Primary process lines shall be distinguished from Secondary process, and utility lines.
This distinction is detailed in the Lines and Layering Section.
Mark off-page connector arrows for primary, secondary and instrumentation lines entering
the P&ID horizontally, with a minimum of 6.4 mm from the left inside borderline and
exiting the P&ID with a minimum of 6.4 mm horizontally from the right inside border line.
Off-page service descriptions shall consist of the following information:

a.
P&ID number and origin/destination
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b.
Name of fluid (e.g. Process Water) or line description (e.g. DMS Feed, Tower
Overhead)
c.
Line function (e.g. Low Level Override) or equipment to be controlled for instrument
d.
Use equipment KKS number, line number, or loop number, as references for
origin/destination.
e.
Service description and origin/destination text shall start at the left side of off-page
connector symbol.
Utility connectors may be shown at any convenient location on the body of the P&ID.
Utility collection/distribution P&IDs layout shall be drawn relative to Plot Plan orientation.
When match lines are required on Utility Flow Diagrams, they shall correspond to the
matching lines of the connecting drawing.
Equipment symbols shall be arranged relative to their elevation (e.g. pumps at bottom of
P&ID).
Control valve actuators shall be drawn above a horizontal line or left of a vertical line,
whenever possible.
Compressors and Hydraulic Packs piping, instrumentation, and auxiliaries shall be drawn
on a separate auxiliary P&ID.
In order to minimise cluttering, additional required details may be shown on a separate

sheet.
System markers/interfaces for sub-systems, systems or package interfaces according to

plant breakdown structures may be included in the drawing as required.
2.1.5
Layering
The standard Bentley layering convention is used, and is noted for reference purposes. The
drawing is to have a border around the entire P&ID and title blocks at the bottom of the P&ID that
are filled in with information that adhered to the specification for numbering drawings.
The recommended line thickness for plotting on drawing (A0) size is also noted:
Layer Colour
Line Thickness Description
Green
0.7mm
Equip. And major process lines
Magenta
0.45mm
New major pipe lines
Red
0.3mm
Yellow
0.2mm
Major pipelines
Grey
0.2mm
General Text
White
0.2mm
General Text
Cyan
0.3mm
Blue
0.8mm
Instrument and minor process

lines
Borders
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Line thickness should be adjusted when P&IDs are plotted in smaller size.
In addition to the standard layers, the following conventions are recommended:
Existing equipment (i.e. Items already installed/existing from previous projects that are
indicated for clarity on the new P&IDs) and instrumentation need to be indicated in dotted
line as opposed to solid line.
Items shown on more than one P&ID should show the item in solid lines in the main P&ID
where the item is coded, and in dashed lines in any other views.
Instead of just changing the line type of the existing items, a second set of custom layers
should be for each of the above layers as required. After inserting the symbol on the
standard layer, the item can be moved to the required existing layer.
2.1.6
Scaling
The scaling parameters for setting up of the P& ID drawing on A0 are as follows.
Description
Value
Text Height
2.5
ID Bubble Radius
Instrument Mark Spacing
Global Scale Factor
10
Snap Value
The symbols have been scaled to confirm the above scaling settings. Scalable symbols need to
be scaled when inserted into the drawing and should be in proportion to the fixed symbols.
It may be required to scale fixed size equipment symbols under certain circumstances due to
P&ID density or other factors. This can be done using the Bentley procedures for scaling
symbols. There are certain special cases where symbols need to be stretched (as opposed to
scale). These are discussed in Clause 3.4.
All P&IDs should be developed on the A0 original size. Smaller plots may be made for
convenience, but plots from different P&IDs on the same size paper always yield the same
relative scaling and sizing.
2.1.7
Symbology / symbol standards
Symbol standards are provided in the appendices. Since these may not be exhaustive, any
omissions need to be brought to the attention of the author for clarification and inclusion in the
standard.
2.1.8
2.1.8.1
Arrangement of inscription
Equipment
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Identification numbers for equipment should be located close to the relevant graphical symbol,
and should not be written into it. Further details (e.g. designation, design capacity, design
pressure, etc.) may also be placed under the identification numbers.
2.1.8.2
Flow lines or piping
Designation of flow lines or piping shall be written parallel to and above horizontal lines and at the
left of and parallel to vertical lines. If the beginning and end of flow lines or piping are not
immediately recognisable, identical ones should be indicated by corresponding letters.
2.1.8.3
Valves and fittings
Designation of valves and fittings shall be written next to the graphical symbol and parallel to the
direction of flow.
2.1.8.4
Process measurement and control functions
The representation should be in accordance with the requirements stipulated in ISA-S5.1 and ISO
3511, Parts 1 and 4, latest revisions unless otherwise specified in this Standard.
2.1.9
Direction of flow
In general, the main direction of flow proceeds from left to right and from top to bottom. Inlet and
outlet arrows are used for indicating the inlet and outlet of flows into or out of the diagram.
Arrows are incorporated in the line for indicating the direction of the flows within the flow diagram.
If necessary for proper understanding, arrows may be used at the inlets to equipment and
machinery (except for pumps) and upstream of pipe branches. If a diagram consists of several
sheets, the incoming and outgoing flow lines or piping on a sheet may be drawn in such a manner
that the lines continue at the same level when the individual sheets are horizontally aligned.
2.1.10 Equipment lists
While a separate equipment list is preferred, a tabular list may be included in the right top corner if
required.
2.1.11 Equipment numbering
All information required for numbering equipment on a P&ID is found in the KKS N.PSZ 45-45
numbering system.
2.1.12 Implementation standards
Instrumentation tagging convention will be according to the relevant KKS / AKZ standards to
ensure correct database generation and data interpretation.
2.1.13 Vendor supplied documents
Any equipment or instrumentation supplied by a 3rd party vendor needs to be indicated as such on
the P&ID. The convention is to enclose the equipment, instrument or group of equipment and
instruments with a dash-dot line and write the text Vendor inside the box. In addition to this,
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each piece of this equipment or instrument needs to have the vendor data indicated in the
associated database.
2.2
Implementation options
Since this standard may not cover every possible situation, some flexibility is allowed for such
eventualities. This section attempts to describe areas where such flexibility may be required.
2.2.1
Motors
Each piece of driven equipment should have a motor symbol attached, which is assigned a motor
number. The motor symbol is in turn attached to the main equipment.
The instrument bubble (MC) is then attached to the motor symbol. The motor tag name may be
deleted from the P&ID (by selecting and deleting the text component) so as not to clutter the
P&ID. Although it is not imperative to have a motor symbol for each piece of equipment it is highly
recommended, since the motor symbol acts as a visual aid and generates a motor list, which may
be used for procurement purposes. Consistency in this application is required to not create a
meaningless motor list.
2.2.2
Conveyors
Conveyors are designed in a variety of shapes and sizes it is not practical to include all possible
variations in length, inclination or other graphical permutations in the symbol library. Two belt
conveyor symbols are included in the symbol library. One conveyor is a horizontal belt conveyor,
and the other is an inclined conveyor. Both the symbols are for short conveyors. When the
symbol is inserted, the symbol should be stretched (without distorting the proportions) to the
correct length and shape. It may even be modified, rotated etc. if required (within the framework
of consistency).Once the symbol is in the desired shape, then the symbol components need to be
re-assembled and data attached to the symbol.
The correct functional materials handling symbols should be used rather than just functional
depictions.
2.2.3
Screens and underpans
The current version of the symbol library has the screen and its associated under-pan as a single
symbol, hence creating a single equipment entry in the database. Should it be required to have
the screen and the under-pan components as separate database entities with a different
equipment tag number, the following procedure is recommended:
Explode the screen symbol which includes the under-pan graphics.
Re-assemble the screen components using the P&ID tools and assign an equipment
number.
Re-assemble the under-pan components using the P&ID tools and assign an equipment
number.
2.2.4
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Chutes
It is recommended that if a suitable chute is not in the library, that the specific chute is drawn
manually and assembled in to a symbol for the P&ID. If the chute is more than a once-off
requirement, then the chute drawing shall be sent to the responsible parties for inclusion in the
library.
2.2.5
Agitators
The term agitator applies to mechanical mixers and aerators.

2.2.6
Blowers
Show blower symbols as centrifugal or positive displacement as required.

2.2.7
Compressors and blowers
Show blower symbols as centrifugal or positive displacement as required.
type of compressor or blower;
start-up facilities (i.e., inert gas purge system);
safety/relief valves;
suction and discharge valves;
suction strainer (filter) and discharge check valve;
suction and discharge pulsation dampener where required;
valved vents and casing drains;
winterisation (steam or electrical tracing on suction piping) where required;
lube and seal oil / sealing system and cooling water systems detail arrangement;
interstage coolers where required
surge protection (where required);
inlet and outlet nozzles
all instrument connections
2.2.8
Pumps
all nozzles including instrument connections;
pump suction valve and strainer, and discharge valve and check valve. Provision of wafer
type check valve should be avoided unless otherwise specified
pump drains and vents piping and destination.
the type of pump;
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pump auxiliary system connections such as, cooling water, seal oil and lube oil, steam,
etc.
detail of lube and seal oil/sealing systems, cooling water piping arrangement, and
minimum flow bypass line requirement for pumps;
winterisation and/or heat conservation (steam or electrical) where required;
warm-up and flushing oil lines detail; a DN20( inch) bypass/drain from the check valve
to the pump discharge line shall be provided as warm-up line for the cases
pressuregagelocatedonthedischargeofeachpump;thegageshallbeinstalled between the

pump discharge nozzle and the check valve;
pressure relief safety valves (if any);
automatic start-up of standby unit (if required);
balanced or equalized line for vacuum service.
2.2.9
Exceptions
Any symbols not specified in the symbols as per paragraph must be approved by the project
engineer.
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3 Authorisation
This document has been seen and accepted by:
Name
Designation
Document Approved by TDAC ROD 16 July 2013
4 Revisions
Date
Rev.
Compiler
Remarks
November 2012
0.1
C de Beer
First Draft Document for

Comments and Business Review
November 2013
C de Beer
Final Document for Authorisation

and Publication
5 Development team
The following people were involved in the development of this document:
Name of
Convenor
Division
Cyril de Beer
Technology
Signature
Members
Division
Gary de Klerk
Technology
Dheneshree Lalla
Technology
Ismail Atiya
Technology
Nellan Govender
Technology
Jackie Herndler
Technology
Pravin Moodley
Technology
Signature
Isak de Kock
Marius van Heerden.
The Development Team confirms that this version of the Process Flow Diagram Standard is
sufficient to serve as a baseline.
Changes / improvements will be incorporated at the next revision date through the SCOT
process.
6 Acknowledgements
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Not applicable.
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7 APPENDICES
Appendix A : Position of P&ID in Design PCM ..........................................................................................21
A.1 Design System PCM Perform Plant Process Design .......................................................................21
A.2 Design Process ....................................................................................................................................23
Appendix B : Standard cell library for plant process diagrams ..............................................................24
B.1 Piping symbols .....................................................................................................................................24
B.2 General labels ......................................................................................................................................35
B.3 Instrumentation symbols ......................................................................................................................38
B.4 Hydraulic system symbols ....................................................................................................................47
B.5 Equipment symbols ..............................................................................................................................52
B.6 Design symbols ....................................................................................................................................67
B.7 Labels ...................................................................................................................................................68
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APPENDIX A: POSITION OF P&ID IN DESIGN PCM

A.1 DESIGN SYSTEM PCM PERFORM PLANT PROCESS DESIGN
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A.2 DESIGN PROCESS

Consolidated
Functional
Architecture
BD
Process
description
Plant operating
concept
Major process
equipment list
Control philosophy
PFD
M&E balances
P&ID / UFD
Operating
manuals
Integration
management
Volumetric layout
C&I
Construction
sequence
Commissioning
sequence
Operating
technology
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APPENDIX B: STANDARD CELL LIBRARY FOR PLANT PROCESS DIAGRAMS

B.1 PIPING SYMBOLS
Fire and safety

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / FIRE & SAFETY

Frangible bulb heat detector
Eye wash
Fire hydrant
Fire hydrant
3-way fire hydrant
Fire monitor
Elevated fire monitor
Remotely operated fire monitor
Foam induction regulator
Foam monitor
Elevated foam monitor
Remotely operated foam monitor
Foam pourer
Hose reel
Multiple jet controller
Frangible bulb spray nozzle
High velocity spray nozzle
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / FIRE & SAFETY

Medium velocity spray nozzle
Safety shower
Safety shower and eye wash
Fittings
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / FITTINGS

Compensator, bellows and strap
Coupling/connector
Coupling/connector
Coupling half
Hose connection
Plug, connect / disconnect,
screwed
End
Exhaust head
Filter
Filter
Flange
Blind flange
Blind flange
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION

Blind flange
Flange
Expander flange
Reducing flange
Hose connection
Hose connection
Hose connection
In-line silencer
Injector, ejector
Jacket Nozzle
Jacket Nozzle
Mixing T
Orifice plate
Orifice union
End
Cap
Bushing
Closure, flat
End
End
End connection, screwed
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION

Plug
Concentric diameter change
Eccentric diameter change
Removable spool
Expansion joint
Silencer
Silencer
Expansion joint
Spectacle blind, in function
Blind flange, blind disk
Spectacle blind
Spray nozzle
Spray nozzle
Duplex basket strainer
Strainer/filter
Single basket strainer
T strainer
Y strainer
Swing elbow
Swivel joint
Trap - General
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION

Steam trap
Breather vent
Free vent w/screen
Free vent w/o screen
Overflow pipe, vent
Overflow pipe, vent
Vent silencer
Butt-weld
Gaps
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / GAPS

gap-curves
gap-lines
Off-page connectors
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / OFF PAGE CONNECTORS

Piping OPC - Dual Flow
Piping OPC
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Routing
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / DUCTING

Ducting
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / PROCESS LINES

Hose
Primary Piping
Secondary Piping
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / DUCTING

Utility - Hose
Utility - Jacket
Utility - Primary
Utility - Secondary
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / SAFETY COMPONENTS

Rupture disk, concave
Rupture disk, conve9x
Rupture disk, flat
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / SAFETY COMPONENTS

Rupture disk, general
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / SEGMENT BREAKS

Coating Requirements
Fluid Code
Fluid Code and Fluid System
Fluid System
Insulation Requirements
Max Design Pressure and
Temperature
Max Operating Pressure and
Temperature
Pipe Section Break KKS
LVL02a2b
Piping Materials Class
System Number Break KKS
LVL01a1b1c
System Number Break KKS
LVL01a1b1c2a2b
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / SPECIALTY COMPONENTS

Detonation-proof flame arrestor
Explosion-proof flame arrestor
Explosion-proof, fire-resistant
flame arrestor
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / ROUTING / SPECIALTY COMPONENTS

Fire-resistant flame arrestor
Fire-resistant, detonation-proof
flame arrestor
Flame arrestor, general
Valves
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / 2 WAY COMMON

Air release valve double orifice
Air release valve large orifice
Air release valve small orifice
Ball plug valve
2-way valve
Butterfly valve
Check valve
Diaphragm valve
Diaphragm Valve - Pilot Operated
Diaphragm Valve - Pilot Operated
with Drains
Gate valve
Gate valve, connection for sealing
media
Gate valve, connection for suction
Gate valve, connections on valve
body
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / 2 WAY COMMON

Gate valve, with press. red. valve
Globe valve
Hose valve
Knife gate valve
Needle valve
Pinch valve
Plug valve
Non-Return Valve
Slide valve
Slide valve
Spherical Valve
Valve w/restriction orifice
Wafer check valve
Wedge Gate Valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / 3 WAY

3-way ball valve
Dual change-over valve

3-way globe valve
3-way plug valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION

3-way slide valve
3-way gate valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION

4-way ball valve
4-way globe valve
4-way plug valve
4-way valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / ANGLE

Angle ball valve
Angle check valve
Angle diaphragm valve
Angle globe valve
Angle swing type check valve
Angle gate valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / DAMPERS

Damper - General
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / DAMPERS

Damper - Safety Function
Damper - General
Damper - 3 Way
Damper - Multi-leaf
Damper - Adjustable
Damper - Non Return
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: PIPING / VALVES / SPECIAL VALVES

Flow release pilot valve
Angle pressure reducing valve
Angle pressure reducing valve,
continually operated
Straightway pressure reducing
valve
Straightway pressure reducing
valve
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B.2 GENERAL LABELS
Equipment labels
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / EQUIPMENT LABELS

Eq - Insulation Purpose and Thk
Eq - Nozzle No
Eq - Nozzle Size
Eq ID - KKS 1 Line and Descr
Eq ID - KKS 2 Lines and Descr
Instrument labels
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / INSTRUMENT LABELS

3-Way Valve Close Path Bottom
3-Way Valve Close Path Top
Control Valve Opening Action
Instrument Bubble KKS 2 Lines
for ISA - Control Valves and
Components Instrument Bubble KKS 2 Lines
with Leader
Instrument Function Type and
ALL Values
Instrument Function Type and
Value 1
Instrument KKS 1 Line
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / INSTRUMENT LABELS

Instrument KKS 2 Lines
Relief Valve Set Pressure
Piping and component labels

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / PIPING AND COMPONENT LABELS

3-Way Valve Close Path Bottom
3-Way Valve Close Path Top
Components - KKS 1 Line
Components - KKS 2 Lines
Flow Bi-Directional
Flow Direction
Indication of fall to left (percent)
Indication of fall to left (ratio)
Indication of fall to right (percent)
Indication of fall to right (ratio)
Insulation
Insulation and Heat Tracing
Orifice or Port Size
PipeRun KKS
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SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / PIPING AND COMPONENT LABELS

PipeRun KKS Dual Flow
PipeRun MAX DESIGN FlowPressure-Temperature
PipeRun MAX OPERATING FlowPressure-Temperature
PipeRun Size-Spec-Insul-Thk
Red nominal diameter
Valve Opening Action
Title block labels

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: LABELS_GENERAL / TITLE BLOCK LABELS

Title Block - LG032.sym
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B.3 INSTRUMENTATION SYMBOLS
Actuators
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / ACTUATORS

Ball Float
Capacitance sensor
Press-balanced diaphragm
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Digital
Electro-hydraulic
Main and auxiliary motor actuator
Main and quick-closing motor
actuator
Motor
Pilot
Pilot operated cylinder
Piston
Piston
Piston
Piston motor
Piston spring
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / ACTUATORS

Single solenoid w/reset
Single solenoid
Single solenoid
Single solenoid
Solenoid loaded spring actuator
Single solenoid
Spring
Piston spring
Piston spring
Weight
Weight motor
In-line
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / IN-LINE

Annubar
Inline magnetic flow instr
Pos displacement flow instr
Inline propeller flow instr
Inline target flow instr
Unique
Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / IN-LINE

Inline ultrasonic flow instr
Flow measurement, general
Weir
Vortex flow instr
Weir
Pressure Recovery Tube
Orif plate & flanges
Orif plate & flanges & meter run
Restriction orif union
Orif plate &qkchnge fitting
Orifpl, qkchng fittg & met run
Flow glass
Inline ultrasonic flow instr
Venturi tube
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / IN-LINE / CONTROL DAMPERS

Damper Control - Adjustable
Damper Control - Safety Function

Damper Control - General
Damper Control - 3 Way
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / IN-LINE / CONTROL DAMPERS

Damper Control - Multi-leaf
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / IN-LINE / CONTROL VALVES

Angle filled system temp reg
3-way ball control valve

3-way filled system temp reg
3-way globe control valve
3-way plug control valve
3-way slide control valve
3-way control valve
4-way plug control valve
Angle Ball Control Valve
Angle Diaphragm Control Valve
Angle globe control valve
Angle control valve
Backpressreg w/ext tap
Ball control valve
Control valve
Butterfly control valve
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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Identifier:
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DESCRIPTION

Non return control valve
Non return control valve with body
drain
Diaphragm control valve
Diff press red reg w/int&ext taps
Dual change-over control valve
Filled system temp reg
4-Way Ball Control Valve
4-Way Globe Control Valve
4-way control valve
Gate control valve
Gate control valve
Gate control valve
Gate control valve
Gate control valve
Globe control valve
Hose Control Valve
Knife gate control valve
Needle Control Valve
Plug control valve
Press red reg w/ext tap
Press red reg w/int RV
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Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION

ReliefValve2WayPressure
Relief Valve Angle Pressure Pilot
Operated
Press/vac relief valve
Angle press relief valve
Straight-thru press relief valve
Vac relief valve
Self contained back press reg
Self contained press red reg
Slide control valve
Sluice Gate Control Valve
Spherical Control Valve
Plug control valve
Instrument off-page connectors

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / INSTRUMENT OPC's

Instrument OPC - Dual Flow
Instrument OPC
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Off-line
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / OFF-LINE

Acoustic signal or Hooter
Alarm Gong
Pilot light
Panel
Pyrometer
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / OFF-LINE / CONTROL IDENTIFICATION (EMCE)

Basic Process Control System Field Mounted
Basic Process Control System Front of Central or Main Panel
Basic Process Control System Front of Secondary or Local Panel
Basic Process Control System Rear of Central or Main Panel
Basic Process Control System Rear of Secondary or Local Panel
Computer System and Software Field Mounted
Computer System and Software Front of Central or Main Panel
Computer System and Software Front of Secondary or Local Panel
Computer System and Software Rear of Central or Main Panel
Computer System and Software Rear of Secondary or Local
Discrete Instruments - Field
Mounted
Unique
Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / OFF-LINE / CONTROL IDENTIFICATION (EMCE)

Discrete Instruments - Front of
Central or Main Panel
Discrete Instruments - Front of
Secondary or Local Panel
Discrete Instruments - Rear of
Central or Main Panel
Discrete Instruments - Rear of
Secondary or Local Panel
Interlock Logic Function
Safety Instrumented System Field Mounted
Safety Instrumented System Front of Central or Main Panel
Safety Instrumented System Front of Secondary or Local Panel
Safety Instrumented System Rear of Central or Main Panel
Safety Instrumented System Rear of Secondary or Local Panel
Signal line
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / SIGNAL LINE

Capillary
Connect to Process
Electric
Electric Binary
Guided Electromagnetic
Unique
Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: INSTRUMENTATION / SIGNAL LINE

Hydraulic
Mechanical Link
Pneumatic
Pneumatic Binary
Software Link
Undefined
Unguided Electromagnetic
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B.4 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SYMBOLS
Hydraulic control valves

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES

Hydraulic Valve, Control, 2-port,
2-position
2-position
2-position
3-position
3-position, pass-through transient
Hydraulic manual valves

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC MANUAL VALVES

Hydraulic Check Valve
Hydraulic Check Valve, spring
loaded
Hydraulic One Way Restrictor
Valve, spring loaded check
Hydraulic One Way Restrictor
Valve, variable restriction
Hydraulic Restrictor Valve
Hydraulic Restrictor Valve,
adjustable
Hydraulic Valve, Actuated, 2-port,
2-position
2-position
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Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC MANUAL VALVES

2-distinct, 1 neutral
2-position
3-position
Hydraulic Valve, Manual, 2-port,
2-position
2-position
2-distinct, 1 neutral
2-position
3-position
Hydraulic pressure and flow control valves

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC PRESSURE AND FLOW

CONTROL VALVES
Hydraulic Valve, Pressure
Reducing
Hydraulic Valve, Pressure Relief
Hydraulic valve actuators
Unique
Identifier:
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NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC VALVE ACTUATORS

Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Double solenoid
Double solenoid
Single solenoid
Single solenoid
Hydraulic valve flow symbols

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC VALVE FLOW SYMBOLS

2Ports - Closed flow path
2Ports - Open flow path
3Ports - Connected paths
3Ports - Two positions
4Ports - Closed flow paths
4Ports - Three connected
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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Identifier:
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC VALVE FLOW SYMBOLS

4Ports - Two directional direct flow
paths
4Ports - Two directional Xover
flow paths
4Ports - Two flow paths without
connection
4Ports - Two open flow paths
4Ports - Underlapping
Flow Restrictor - Adjustable
Flow Restrictor
Non-return valve
Non-return valve spring loaded
Shuttle valve flow - 2Ports - Flow
at rest
Shuttle valve flow - 2Ports - Flow
when actuated
Shuttle valve flow - 3Ports - 1-way
when actuated - 2-way at rest
Shuttle valve flow - 3Ports - 2-way
when actuated - 1-way at rest
Hydraulic valve springs and detainers

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC VALVE SPRINGS AND

DETAINERS
Detainer - One position
Detainer - Three positions
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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Identifier:
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS / HYDRAULIC VALVE SPRINGS AND

DETAINERS
Detainer - Two positions
Spring return
Spring return preset
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Identifier:
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B.5 EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS
Black box system

CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / BLACK BOX SYSTEM

Parametric Black Box 1 EQ001.sym
Parametric Black Box 2 EQ002.sym
Components
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS / HEATING COMPONENTS

External Electrical Heating Jacket
External Full Pipe Ht Transfer Coil
External Half Pipe Ht Transfer Coil
External Heat Transfer Jacket
Burner
Igniter
Water Heater, Electrically Heated
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS / HEATING COMPONENTS / NOZZLES

Butt welded Nozzle - 2
Connections
Butt welded Nozzle
Unique
Identifier:
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CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
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DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS / HEATING COMPONENTS / NOZZLES

Detailed Nozzle
Dip Pipe Nozzle
Flange Nozzle with Sprays
Flanged Nozzle
Flanged Nozzle with blind
Grommet
Instrument Connector
Instrument Grommet
Manway - Internal
Manway - Large
Manway - Small
Nozzle - Internal
Nozzle - Internal Flanged
Nozzle - Straight
Parametic Nozzle Blind Flanged
with 2-Taps
Parametric Nozzle Angled
Parametric Nozzle Flanged
Pump Nozzle - Internal
Pump Nozzle - Tangent
Unique
Identifier:
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Electrical consumers
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / ELECTRICAL CONSUMERS

Air Conditioner
Air Heat Exchanger Electrically
Heated
Heat exchangers
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / HEAT EXCHANGERS

Air Dryer
Steam Condenser
Surface Condenser
Cooler, heat exchanger
Generic 1 Shell & Tube Heat
Exchanger
Exchanger
Exchanger
Cooler, Heat Exchanger
Cooler, Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
Other Heat Transfer Equipment
Spray Cooler
Humidifier
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
55 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / HEAT EXCHANGERS

Water Chilling Evaporator
Mechanical
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / AGITATORS, MIXERS

Anchor agitator
Double blade agitator
Finger agitator
Flat blade agitator
Gauge agitator
Grid agitator
Impeller agitator
Paddle agitator
Generic agitator
Propeller agitator
Single blade agitator
Double cone blender
Blender
Ribbon blender
Static mixer
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
56 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / CENTRIFUGES

Generic centrifuge
Disc bowl centrifuge
Horizontal peeler centrifuge
Sieve basket centrifuge
Sieve basket screw centrifuge
Solid basket centrifuge
Solid basket screw centrifuge
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / COMPRESSORS

Ejector compressor
Generic compressor
Liquid seal compressor
Reciprocating compressor
Diaphragm compressor
Reciprocating compressor
Rotary compressor
Rotary compressor
Screw compressor
Turbo compressor, axial vacuum
pump
Turbo compressor, turbo vacuum
pump
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
57 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / COMPRESSORS

Turbo compressor, radial vacuum
pump
Guide vane compressor
Impeller vane compressor
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / DRIVERS

Electric generator
Air motor
Diesel engine
Electric motor
Gas engine
Shaft Motor
Double flow gas turbine
Double flow steam turbine
Expander
Gas turbine
Hydraulic turbine
Steam turbine
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
58 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / FANS & BLOWERS

Rootes blower
Axial fan
Centrifugal fan
Generic fan or blower
Rotary fan or blower
Soot Blower -General
Soot Blower - Helical
Soot Blower - Retractable
Soot Blower - Water Canon
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / MATERIAL HANDLING

Inclined chute
Generic chute
Ladder chute
Retractable spout
Spiral chute
Mechanical classifier
Bucket elevator
Aerial way
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
59 of 69
DESCRIPTION

Apron conveyor
Belt conveyor
Belt tripper conveyor
Belt Conveyor Gravity Take-up
Bucket conveyor
Elevator
Gravity roller conveyor
Overhead conveyor
Portal scraper conveyor
Powered roller conveyor
Roller chain conveyor
Scraper conveyor
Scraper chain conveyor
Screw conveyor
Screw Take-up Conveyor
Bridge crane
Gantry crane
Apron feeder
Belt feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
60 of 69
DESCRIPTION

Rotary table feeder
Rotary valve feeder
Scraper feeder
Screw feeder
Hoist
Trolley hoist
Multiple product screen
Single product screen
Fixed stacker
Portable stacker
Portable stacker/reclaimer
Radial stacker
Vibrator
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / PUMPS

Centrifugal pump
Diaphragm pump
Ejector pump
Electromagnetic pump
Gear pump
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
61 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / PUMPS

Hand pump
Helical rotor pump
Ejector pump
Generic pump
Reciprocating pump
Rotary pump
Screw pump
Sump pump
Vane pump
Wet pit pump
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / SEPARATORS & FILTERS

Air filter
Air filter
Single-stage cyclone
Demagnetising Device
Electrostatic dust collector
Air filter, absolute filter
Air filter, prefilter
Activated carbon, air, iodine filter
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
62 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / SEPARATORS & FILTERS

Bag filter
Air filter
Cartridge filter
Fixed bed, sand filter
Gas, air filter, general
Liquid filter, general
Ion exchange filter
Liquid filter, general
Filter
Magnetising Device
Settling pond
Spray pond
Electromagnetic separator
Separator, general
Impact separator
Rotating drum screen
Screening device, general rakes
Separator with heat exchanger
Thickener
Flash trap
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
63 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / SIZE REDUCTION EQUIPMENT

Generic coarse crusher
Cone crusher
Delumper
Dicer
Disintegrator
Crushing machine, general
Grinder
Generic medium crusher
Pulverizer
Rod mill
Roll crusher
Shredding mill
Strand cutter
Generic mill
Hammer mill
Ball mill
Roller mill
Roller mill
Stirred ball mill
Tube mill
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
64 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / MECHANICAL / TRANSMISSION DEVICES

Bearing
Belt drive
Clutch
Coupling continuously variable
Coupling electromagnetic
Coupling general
Coupling hydraulic
Gearbox
Mechanical Brake
Shaft
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
240-61227631
1
65 of 69
Vessels
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / VESSELS / COOLING TOWERS

Cooling tower
Dry cooling tower, forced draught
fan
Dry cooling tower, inducted
draught fan
Dry cooling tower, natural draught
Wet cooling tower, forced draught
fan
Wet cooling tower, inducted
draught fan
Wet cooling tower, natural draught
Wet cooling tower, natural draught
Wet-dry cooling tower, natural
draught
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / VESSELS / HORIZONTAL DRUMS

Other horizontal drum
Vessel horizontal top closed
Vessel with dished heads
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / VESSELS / OTHER VESSELS

Tank with diaphragm
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
66 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / VESSELS / OTHER VESSELS

Pool, basin general
Pulsation dampener
Tun dish
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: EQUIPMENT / VESSELS / VERTICAL DRUMS

Flash tank
Vessel with conical heads
Vessel, general atmospheric tank
Vessel, general with jacket
Other vertical drum
Vessel with dished heads
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
240-61227631
1
67 of 69
B.6 DESIGN SYMBOLS
Annotation
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / ANNOTATION / GRAPHICS

Annotation Point
Block
Box Truck
Break
Circle
Dump Truck
Ellipse
Fill Arrowhead Terminator
Fork Lift Truck
Front End Loader
General Purpose Container 1
Leader with Bend & Term
Line
No Proj Line No Term
No Proj Line One Term
No Proj Line Two Terms
One Proj Line One Term
One Proj Line Two Terms
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
240-61227631
1
68 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / ANNOTATION / GRAPHICS

Stockpile
Tank Rail Car
Tank Truck
Two Equal Proj Lines Two Terms
Two Proj Lines Two Terms with
Bend
Two Unequal Proj Lines Two
Terms
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / ANNOTATION / LABELS

Item Note & Label
Text
Text with Border
Text with Leader & Border
Text with Leader
Underlined Text
Underlined Text with Leader
B.7 LABELS
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / LABELS / BLACK

Black Item Note 3,5
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
Unique
Identifier:
Revision:
Page:
240-61227631
1
69 of 69
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / LABELS / BLACK

Black Item Note 3,5 Leader
Terminal point
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / LABELS / GREEN

Green Item Note 3
Green Item Note 3,5 Leader
CELL
NAME
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY: DESIGN / LABELS / RED

Red Item Note 3,5
Red Item Note 3,5 Leader

240-61227631 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Rev 1

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240-61227631 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Rev 1

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Piping and Instrumentation

Alternative Reference Number:

Next Review Date:

Chief Engineer Technology

Senior Manager: Systems

General Manager: Plant

<document Styles not according to Template, requires to be fixed in next review>

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

Supporting clauses ................................................................................................................................4

Abbreviations and acronyms ..........................................................................................................10

Roles and responsibilities ...............................................................................................................10

Process for monitoring ....................................................................................................................10

Related/supporting documents .......................................................................................................10

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard details ....................................................................10

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

Development team ................................................................................................................................18

Appendix A : Position of P&ID in Design PCM ..........................................................................................21

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

Applicability during the Design Phase

specification of process equipment;

specification of pipes, fittings and valves;

specification of operational technologies;

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

specification of instrumentation and control systems;

integration of the plant processes;

integration of operational technologies;

development of the volumetric layout;

development of operating manuals;

specification of the construction sequence; and

specification of the commissioning sequence.

Applicability during the Operational Phase

ISO 9001, Quality Management Systems.

A De La Guerre, Process Control Manual (PCM) for Design System, 240-42722776,

Eskom drawing office standard and symbol library NPZ 45-698.

Eskom Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Standard 240-53114181

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

ISA S5.2, Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations

ISA S5.4, Instrument Loop Diagrams

ISA S5.5, Graphic Symbols for Process Displays

ISA S51.1, Process Instrumentation Terminology

[10] IPS-E-PR-170, Engineering standard for process flow diagrams, 2000.

For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply:

See Utilities in Paragraph 1.5.22

Block diagram (BD)

A set of defined ad-hoc or sequenced collaborative activities performed in a repeatable fashion by

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

A system element comprised of multiple parts; a cleanly identified item.

An interface is a shared boundary between two functional units, defined by functional

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

1.5.12 Plant process

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

Potable water system

Sewage treatment system

Fire water system

Electricity supply system

Demineralised water system

Centralised gas system

Instrument air system

Compressed air system

1.5.23 Utility Flow Diagram (UFD)

Controlled disclosure: controlled disclosure to external parties (either enforced by law, or

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Standard

Abbreviations and acronyms