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OUTLINE
I. Cell and Tissue Caracteristics
II. Cellular adaptation, Injury & Death
III. Genetic Control of cell function &
Inheritance
Oleh:
Septi Dewi Rachmawati
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
I.CELL&TISSUECHARACTERISTICS
A. OVERVIEW
IV. Neoplasia
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
1. THE NUCLEUS
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
CHROMATIN
As Barrier of the nucleus
NUCLEOLUS
Nucleus may contain 1 or more nucleolus
Site of the processing of rRNA and its assembly into
ribosomes
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
2. CYTOPLASM
A colloid solution that contain water, electrolytes, proteins,
neutral fats, and glycogen molecules.
Consist of various organelles: Ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi complex, mitochondria and lysosomes
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
RIBOSOMES
Sites of the protein synthesis in the cell
Made of protein and RNA
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Is an extensive system of paired membranes and flat
vesicles that connect various parts of the inner cells.
Between the paired ER is a fluid-filled space called matrix
carrying substances
Two forms of ER:
Rough ER: studded with ribosome, Site where
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
GOLGI COMPLEX
Modified and
packages the
substances into
secretory
granules or
vesicles, cell
membranes
components,
and lysosomes
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
LYSOSOMES
Can be viewed as the digestive system of the cell
Contain enzymes that digest nonusable materials
within the cell
Heterophagy: digestion of an exogenous
substance phagocytosed from the cells external
environment
Autophagy: segregation and disposal of damaged
cellular organelles
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
MITOCHONDRIA
THE CYTOSKELETON
Several types:
Microfilaments
Intermediate
filaments
Microtubules
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Selective Permeability
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.22
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Difusi :
Pergerakan larutan/ gas dari daerah yang berkonsentrasi tinggi ke rendah
Kecepatan dipengaruhi oleh Ukuran molekul, Konsentrasi larutan, Suhu
larutan
Osmosis:
Perpindahan air melintasi membran semipermeable dari daerah
berkonsentrasi rendah ke tinggi
Air yg berpindah mengencerkan larutan berkonsentrasi tinggi
Volume larutan berkonsentrasi rendah berkurang, Tinggi bertambah
Filtrasi: Transfer air & partikel dari tekanan tinggi ke rendah
A Force behind it called Hydrostatic Pressure
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
EX. Osmosis:
- ECF more concentrated than ICF: Fluid from cells move out
to ECF, causing RBC to shrink
- Solutions Hypertonic (higher osmotic pressure), pull fluid
from cell
- Solutions Hypotonic (Lower): solutions move into the cells,
causing them to enlarge
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
C. Cell Diversity
Figure 3.7; 3
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.19A
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
SLIDE 3.19C
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.19B
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Figure 3.7; 6, 7
Figure 3.7; 4, 5
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.19D
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
9/30/13
Stages of Mitosis
Interphase
Interphase, where
chromosomes
duplicate
and cell parts
are made
The mitotic
phase, when
nuclear division
occurs
Prophase
First part of cell division
Centromeres migrate to the poles
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.34A
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Stages of Mitosis
Metaphase
Spindle from centromeres are attached to
chromosomes that are aligned in the center of
the cell
Anaphase
Daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles
The cell begins to elongate
Telophase
Daughter nuclei begin forming
A cleavage furrow (for cell division) begins to form
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.34B
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.35
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
E. BODY TISSUES
FUNCTION:
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
II.CELLULARADAPTATION,
INJURYANDDEATH
When confronted with stresses, the cell undergoes adaptive changes that
permit survival & maintenance of function
Adaptation could be:
Hyperplasia : An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue,
which may then have increased volume
Hypertrophy : An increase in the size of cells, and with such change, an
increase in the size of the organ
Atrophy : Acquired loss of size due to reduction of cell size of
parenchyma cells in an organ
Metaplasia : Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell
type is replaced by another adult cell type.
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
ATHROPY
HYPERPLASIA
HYPERTHROPHY
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
METAPLASIA
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
DYSPLASIA
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
DNA Replication
Genetic material
duplicated and
readies a cell for
division into two
cells
Occurs toward the
end of interphase
DNA uncoils and
each side serves
as a template
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Figure 3.13
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.32
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
9/30/13
Role of RNA
Transcription
Messanger RNA
Carries the instructions for building a
protein from the nucleus to the
ribosome
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.38
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Protein Synthesis
Translation
Base sequence of nucleic acid is
translated to an amino acid sequence
Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.39
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
Figure 3.15
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
SLIDE 3.40
Septi Dewi Rachmawati --
IV.NEOPLASIA
Definition:
new growth
Abnormal mass tissue, overgrowth,
uncoordinated to normal tissue and keep growth
even without stimulation
Often called tumors
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
9/30/13
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
CARCINOGENESIS:
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya -- Cell function and Growth --
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