Brief of G20

The Group of Twenty (G20) is the premier forum for its members' international
economic cooperation and decision-making. It comprises 19 countries plus the European
Union. G20 leaders meet annually; additionally, during the year, Finance Ministers and
Central Bank Governors meet regularly to discuss ways to strengthen the global economy,
reform international financial institutions, improve financial regulation, and discuss the key
economic reforms that are needed in each of the member countries. Underpinning these
meetings is a year-long program of meetings between senior officials and of working groups
coordinating policy on specific issues.
The G20 started in 1999 as a meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank
Governors in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis. In 2008, the first G20 Leaders'
Summit was held, and the group played a key role in responding to the global financial crisis.
Its decisive and coordinated actions boosted consumer and business confidence and
supported the first stages of economic recovery. G20 leaders have met eight times since 2008
The G20 Summit continues to focus on measures to support global economic growth,
with a strong emphasis on promoting job creation and open trade. Each G20 President invites
a number of guest countries each year.
The G20 works closely with international organizations including the Financial
Stability Board, the International Labour Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the
Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development, the United Nations, the World
Bank and the World Trade Organization. These and a number of other organizations are
invited to attend key G20 meetings. Engagement groups such as B20, L20, T20 and W20 also
convene to prepare policy recommendations for the G20 Summit during the year.
G20 Members
G20 was initiated in 1999 and consists of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China,
France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European
Union (EU).
Before the outbreak of global financial crisis in 2008, G20 meetings of Finance
Ministers and Central Bank Governors were held to discuss international financial and
monetary policies, reform of international financial institutions and world economic
development. The first G20 Leaders' Summit was held in 2008. In September 2009, the
Pittsburgh Summit announced G20 as the premier forum for international economic

cooperation, marking an important progress in global economic governance reform. The tenth
Summit was held in Antalya ,Turkey in November, 2015.
Some guest countries and the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the
World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the Financial Stability Board, the International
Labour Organisation, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)
were also invited to attend G20 Summit.
Engagement groups such as B20, L20, T20 also convene to prepare policy
recommendations for the G20 Summit during the year.
Source G20 official website
Management Arrangements
The G20 Presidency rotates annually according to a system that ensures a regional
balance over time. Reflecting its nature as an informal political forum, the G20 does not have
a permanent secretariat. Instead, the G20 President is responsible for bringing together the
G20 agenda in consultation with other members and in response to developments in the
global economy.
To ensure continuity, the Presidency is supported by a "troika" made up of the current,
immediate past and future host countries. In 2016 the G20 Presidency is held by China.
During China's host year, the members of the G20 troika are China, Turkey and Germany.
G20 Past Presidencies and Countries
2008

- USA

2009

- UK/ USA

2010

- Canada/ South Korea

2011

- France

2012

- Mexico

2013

- Russia

2014

- Australia

2015

- Turkey

2016

- China

G20 Past Summits

2008 Washington

The first G20 Leaders Summit was held from 14-15 November 2008 in Washington
D.C., United States of America. The summit focused primarily on strengthening financial
regulation, with agreement on a 47-point action plan to improve financial regulation over the
medium term. A Declaration was released at the conclusion of the summit.
2009 London
G20 leaders met on 2 April 2009 in London, United Kingdom. The summit focused
on coordinated fiscal and monetary stimulus measures with the amount of 1.1 trillion US
dollars to avert the threat of global depression, agreed on additional resources for the IMF
and multilateral development banks to assist countries to weather the financial crisis and to
establish the Financial Stability Board. A Leaders Statement was released at the conclusion
of the summit.
2009 Pittsburgh
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 24-25 September 2009 in Pittsburgh, United
States of America. Leaders designated the G20 to be the premier forum for international
economic cooperation, agreed to act together to support the global recovery through a
Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth with a Mutual Assessment Process,
and to reform global financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the
World Bank. A Leaders Statement was released at the conclusion of the summit.
2010 Toronto
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 26-27th June 2010 in Toronto, Canada. The
summit focused on the need for fiscal consolidation, with agreement that advanced G20
deficit economies would at least halve fiscal deficits by 2013 and stabilise or reduce
sovereign debt ratios by 2016, complemented by ongoing structural reform across all G20
members to rebalance and strengthen global growth. Leaders also agreed to conclude work in
the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision on a new global regime for bank capital and
liquidity by the Seoul G20 Summit and reiterated support for a successful conclusion to the
Doha Round welcomed the fulfillment of their commitment to provide a US$350 billion
increase in capital to multilateral development banks and associated institutional reforms. A
Summit Declaration was released at the conclusion of the summit.

2010 Seoul
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 10-11 November 2010 in SeoulRepublic
of Korea. G20 leaders agreed to develop guidelines for addressing large current account

imbalances under the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth, delivered on
International Monetary Fund (IMF) quota and governance reform and initiated the G20
development agenda and launched the Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth. A
Leaders Declaration and a Seoul Summit Document were released at the conclusion of the
summit.
2011 Cannes
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 3-4 November 2011 in Cannes, France. Key
outcomes of the summit are including the development of a country-specific Cannes Action
Plan for Growth and Jobs, agreement to strengthen the World Trade Organization by
considering additional and parallel international trade negotiations beyond the Doha Round
mandate and the adoption of an action plan to support the development and deepening of
local bond markets. A Final Declaration was released at the conclusion of the summit.
2012 Los Cabos
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 18-19 June 2012 in Los Cabos, Mexico.
Key outcomes of the summit are including the establishment of country-specific measures
each G20 member would take to strengthen demand, growth, confidence and financial
stability under the Los Cabos Growth and Jobs Action Plan, reaffirmation of G20 member
pledges to increase International Monetary Fund (IMF) resources by US$456 billion and to
implement the 2010 IMF quota and governance reforms and progress on the G20
development agenda, particularly on food security, financial inclusion, sustainable
development and inclusive green growth A G20 Leaders Declaration was released at the
conclusion of the summit.
2013 St Petersburg
The G20 Leaders Summit was held from 5-6 September 2013 in St Petersburg,
Russia. Key outcomes of the summit are including the St Petersburg Action Plan, which sets
out reforms for achieving strong, sustainable and balanced growth, coupled with an
Accountability Assessment describing progress made on past commitments, extending the
G20s and a reaffirmed commitment to implementation of agreed financial regulatory reforms
and International Monetary Fund reform. A G20 Leaders Declaration was released at the
conclusion of the summit. G20 leaders also marked the 5th Anniversary of the G20,
reaffirming their conviction that the foundation for sustainable growth and rising prosperity
for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation,
inclusiveness and strong global institutions, underpinned by the closer partnership and
collective action and shared responsibility of the G20, based on effective policy coordination.

2014 Brisbane
The G20 Leaders Summit was held on 15-16 November 2014 in Brisbane, Australia.
The centerpiece was the delivery of country-specific growth strategies and a Brisbane Action
Plan for growth. G20 leaders set an goal to lift the G20's GDP by at least additional two
percent by 2018. Other outcomes from the Brisbane Leaders Summit include: Endorsement
of landmark G20 Principles on Energy Collaboration. Leaders also agreed a G20 Energy
Efficiency Action Plan to deepen their collaboration on energy efficiency. A commitment to
finalise and fully implement the agreed financial regulatory reforms, while remaining alert to
new risks.
Leaders noted their deep concern about the humanitarian and economic impacts of Ebola and
issued a standalone statement of the G20s commitment to fight the current outbreak and
support the international response. A G20 Leaders Communique was released at the
conclusion of the Brisbane Summit and China was announced as the host of 2016 Summit.
Source G20 official website
Communiqu of Civil Society 20 China 2016
Qingdao, China. 6 July 2016
1. We, representatives from 54 countries and regions attending the Civil Society 20 (C20)
China 2016, gathered in Qingdao, China on 5 and 6 July 2016 for candid and in-depth
discussions on the theme of Poverty Eradication, Green Development, and Innovation: Role
of Civil Society. We share the view that, the world economy currently remains sluggish and
growth lacklusterMajor economies lack sufficient coordination in policies and develop on
different tracks; in some countries, inequality and imbalance in all their forms are
increasingly prominent as unemployment rates remain high. Poverty eradication, green
development and innovation are essential to the achievement of a strong, inclusive and
balanced growth of the world economy and that of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. There is no development to talk about without the eradication of poverty.
There is no guarantee for sustainability without green development. Yet, both poverty
eradication and green development need innovation as the driving force. We urge the G20
Summit and governments of all countries to take speedy and concrete actions in the abovementioned fields, including the formulation of national action plans to implement the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development. International cooperation shall be carried out in an
active manner with the supportive role of multilateral financial institutions brought into fuller
play in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Civil society organizations shall, in this

process, make their contribution by offering advice and suggestions. We set great store by the
long-term trend of the Chinese economy, in anticipation of its success development and its
leading role in injecting new momentum and propelling a stable recovery and sustainable
development of the world economy through the implementation of the Belt and Road
Initiative.
2. We commend the positive contribution of the previous three C20 meetings in the abovementioned fields. By focusing on green development and presenting a series of valuable
insights on poverty alleviation and innovation, the previous three C20 meetings thus serve as
the basis for deliberations at C20 China 2016.
Poverty Eradication and Shared Development
3. To end poverty, the impoverished population must be empowered to expand their
knowledge, learn new skills, build up physical strength, be informed of their rights and
interests and be guaranteed of such rights and interests. We need to further eliminate gender
discrimination and improve both the quantity and quality of jobs available to the whole
society. We call upon all governments to approach poverty eradication from broader
perspectives of safeguarding world peace and social stability and improving the well-being of
each and every individual, share experiences of poverty reduction, intensify international
development cooperation and extend stronger support for developing countries in poverty
eradication.
4. Criteria for poverty reduction shall be further refined and a multi-pronged assessment
system shall be established. Besides economic indicators, social indicators shall also be
incorporated. In addition to meeting the minimal needs of the low-income population for food
and clothing, the most basic security shall be provided in their education, healthcare and
housing.
5. The advocacy of equality and sharing shall be promoted through the creation of a generally
enabling social and policy environment for poverty reduction. Basic means of production and
livelihood shall not be concentrated in the hands of a few. To mobilize adequate resources,
governments shall create a level playing field through taxation and investment, launch anticorruption campaign and narrow the income gap by expanding such public services as
education and healthcare. There is a need to establish fair tax systems and intensify
international cooperation in cracking down illicit capital outflows and tax havens and
regulating and stopping the spread of tax evasion and avoidance. Developed countries shall,
by means of Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), reinforce the developing countries
efforts in seeking growth.

6. A development-oriented approach shall be advocated in poverty alleviation. Various causes

of poverty shall be addressed by stepping up supporting infrastructure construction,
increasing input, reforming tax systems, improving public services and providing basic social
security. Special emphasis shall be laid on tackling the lack of capacity to shake off poverty
on the side of the impoverished and make them more incentivized and capable. There shall be
precision poverty alleviation initiatives for the implementation of programs tailored to the
specific circumstances of underdeveloped localities including the development of specialty
industries.
7. Efforts shall be made to put in place a multi-actor system built and shared across the entire
society to encourage participatory poverty alleviation. In this regard, governments shall
create favorable policy environment to support and encourage the private sector and the civil
society to play a greater role in poverty alleviation. The civil society shall strengthen
cooperation and make joint efforts to eradicate poverty.
8. Given that the impoverished population in developing and the least developed countries
disproportionately concentrate in rural areas, efforts shall be made to improve agricultural
productivity and food security. Concrete steps shall be taken to develop a more inclusive
approach to protect agricultural interests, smallholder farmers in particular, support
agricultural innovation, promote investment accountability in agriculture, improve social
services in the agricultural sector, and encourage integrated development of agriculture and
other industries. Access to financial services, loans and credits shall be expanded for
smallholder farmers and women. Investment in rural infrastructure shall be scaled up.
Stronger measures shall be taken to stabilize global food prices. Urban poverty shall be
brought into focus. Measures shall be taken to balance urban and rural development, promote
a new-type of urbanization system, enhance rational and effective allocation of public service
resources and help migrant workers integrate into their host society and enjoy equal social
services as city residents.
9. Efforts shall be made to provide equal access to education, achieve inclusive and quality
education for all and promote lifelong learning. More education resources shall be allocated
to less developed regions to eliminate illiteracy and enroll a greater proportion of students
from low-income families in higher education, particularly women and girls. Vocational
education with more useful majors of distinctive features shall be set up to equip the
impoverished, particularly refugees, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups,
with professional skills. Life-long learning education programmes shall be developed for the

elderly and so shall programmes relevant with the aging population and the silver
economy.
10. High attention shall be placed on child development and rights. We call for all
governments to reinforce assistance for families and children living in poverty, increase
investment in early childhood development and primary education, protect each and every
child from all forms of violence and abuse, oppose child marriage and encourage children to
participate in related public affairs and policy-making.
11. Medical security system shall be improved. Insurance schemes against critical illnesses
shall be instituted and improved to ensure that nobody falls into poverty because of illness.
Closer international communicable disease-response cooperation programs shall be
developed for the prevention and treatment of communicable diseases, such as malaria,
tuberculosis and HIV-AIDS infection and other common diseases like heart disease, diabetes
and cancer. The overall quality and accessibility of public healthcare shall be upgraded. The
global system of development and pricing of medicine shall be improved to make appropriate
and affordable drugs available to each and every individual.
12. Greater efforts shall be made to promote gender equality, facilitate employment and
entrepreneurship for women, conscientiously eliminate gender discrimination and ensure
equal pay for equal work between men and women. Womens federations, specialized
organizations and womens grass-roots organizations shall be developed and more
opportunities shall be made available for women to engage in government policy-making
process and the supervision thereof.
13. Intergovernmental agreements on economic cooperation projects need to take into
account the immediate interests of the local people with tangible improvement of their living
standards in mind. Cooperation projects shall prioritize medical and health care, labour and
employment as well as education and training.
Unity of Knowing and Doing in Green Development
14. Today, there is an increasingly serious conflict between the pace of development and
constraints in population, resources and environment. We need to bring about changes in real
terms, both conceptually and practically. The philosophy of ecological civilization shall be
fostered. Following the principle of respecting, adapting to and protecting the nature and
taking into account both development and protection, there shall come about an ecological
pattern that calls for green, low-carbon, circular and sustainable development in which man
coexists harmoniously and shares destiny with the nature, one another and the society.

15. We call on governments of countries across the world, in particular G20 members, to take
effective actions in response to climate change and strive for earliest possible ratification and
entry into force of the Paris Agreement. As is stipulated in the Paris Agreement, each
government shall formulate and communicate at the earliest possible date its national longterm low greenhouse gas emissions development strategies, regularly renew its ambition for
nationally determined contribution (NDC) and strive for the goal of holding the increase in
the global average temperature to well below 2 C above pre-industrial level and pursue
efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels.
16. The efforts to address climate change shall follow a fair and reasonable path of win-win
cooperation and common development and conform to the principle of equity common
but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities. Developed countries shall
shoulder greater responsibility and make bigger contribution by providing the developing
countries with strong support in finance, technology and capacity building. Developed
countries shall meet the commitment to mobilizing $100 billion per year by 2020 to support
climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries and providing additional sources
for climate finance, ensuring that at least 50% of the Green Climate Fund is devoted to
enhancing the adaptive capacity of the groups particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts
of climate change.
17. Efforts shall be intensified to protect ecological environment with environment quality
improvement at the core and tackling environmental threat to public health as the priority.
Measures highlighting prevention and drawing on comprehensive management shall be taken
to strengthen the prevention and control , as appropriate, of air, water and soil pollution,
implement the strictest environmental protection system, and set up an environment
management system to engage governments, business enterprises and the civil society.
18. Overall energy consumption shall be managed by gradually phasing out fossil fuel
subsidies and increasing the share of the renewables in the energy mix and higher global
energy efficiency. Energy conservation technologies and products shall be developed and
popularized. A clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system shall take shape to
ensure affordable, reliable and sustainable clean energy for all.
19. Efforts shall be made to develop energy conservation and environment-protecting
industries, hasten their development in clusters, and build a system of circular industries.
Green and low-carbon cities, green designs, green supply chain, green infrastructure, green
consumption, green families and green traveling shall be promoted and green education shall
be included in school curriculums. The civil society shall be encouraged to take actions in

long-term low-carbon, climate-adaptive and sustainable social transformation and to engage

further in exchanges and cooperation with governments, financial institutions and enterprises
in a joint effort to promote social change in this regard.
20. We support the G20 in its actions and initiatives for green finance and call for the
upgrading of G20 Green Finance Study Group into a Working Group. Green finance shall be
integrated into national development strategies. Active efforts shall be made to deliver green
financial products and services, channel public fund and social capital into green projects,
promote green PPP projects and increase investment in nature. Green taxation shall be taken
into consideration and green bonds issued. We support development of third-party
verification and international standards for issuing green bonds, building up the carbon
market and enhancing international cooperation in this regard. In carrying out domestic and
international economic projects, impacts on the environmental and social dimensions shall be
taken into account and be assessed. Laws and regulations shall be formulated to enforce
financial institutions and enterprises to disclose information on environmental and social
impacts and protect the publics rights to know and supervise.
Championing the Future through Innovation
21. Innovation has always been the driving force behind human progress. Under the current
circumstances of sluggish recovery in the global economy, invigorating vitality for innovation
across the society appears to be particularly crucial. Inclusive innovation shall be advocated,
creating a cultural and social atmosphere which boosts exploration, encourages innovation
and allows failures and removing all timidity and institutional barriers that constrain
innovation, so as to effectuate innovation by the people and for the people. Vulnerable groups
shall participate in and benefit from innovation. A comprehensive approach shall be taken to
integrate innovation in mindset, ideas, business, technology, society and institutions.
22. Innovation shall be conducive to sustainable development. More input shall be directed to
innovation while improving the efficiency and effectiveness of labor, information,
knowledge, technology, environmental sustainability, management and capital. An integrated
approach shall be adopted with regard to the development of industry, education and
research, helping to drive cost-effective solutions.
23. People with talents shall be regarded as the primary factor for innovation. Intensified
efforts shall be devoted to attracting and training and optimally utilizing talents. Mobility of
talents shall be encouraged. New programs shall be developed to train innovative talents.
24. Innovation in science and technology shall honor the scientific spirit, ethics and moral
standards. On the basis of fully understanding the features of scientific and technological

programmes, favorable conditions and tolerant environment shall be created to facilitate

research, invention and technological breakthrough by scientists.
25. More emphasis shall be laid on enterprises as an important player in innovation and nongovernmental scientific and technological institutions and organizations as a player and
intermediary in conducting and promoting scientific research. Governments shall, by means
of fiscal subsidy, taxation and indirect investment, extend support to enterprises, especially
small- and medium-sized ones (SMEs) in carrying out scientific research and development.
26. Intellectual property rights shall be protected with improved legislation and strict law
enforcement. Meanwhile, more enterprises and individuals shall be encouraged to rationally
use their patents and copyrights for widespread sharing of information and data.
27. Support shall be directed towards enterprises, individuals and other organizations in their
efforts to create new Internet-based industries and business models. We support the
construction of the Internet infrastructure for the migration to the next generation Internet
(IPv6) and the green and sustainable development of cyberspace. We encourage the broader
advocacy of mass entrepreneurship and pool of wisdom as well as the new business model
of maker. The SME innovation service system shall be improved by offering greater
support for their cross-border economic activities.
28. Financial innovation shall serve the real economy by expanding venture capital
availability and capital market, providing flexible and easily accessible credit, broadening
indirect financing for technological innovation and directing investment into innovation
projects. Efforts shall be made to tackle the challenge by containing the rapid increase in
potentially destabilizing financial products and speculative financial flows. New financial
products shall be subject to approval in a mandatory procedure and risky financial products
shall be strictly regulated and managed.
Government and the Civil Society Joining Hands for Common Progress
29. In addressing poverty eradication, green development and innovation, governments bear
important responsibilities, while the civil society has a role to play as forerunner,
communicator, supervisor and facilitator. In this regard, the two stakeholders shall make
concerted efforts to forge ahead in tandem. We call on the G20 Summit, through policy, fiscal
input and institutional deliverables, to place greater emphasis on and bring into fuller play the
role of the civil society in promoting the development of world economy, global economic
governance and garnering stronger popular support for international relations.
30. We hope that, as the current C20 concludes, more civil society organizations are
encouraged to focus their attention on major global development issues supposedly in the

realm of government responsibilities and state agendas. Furthermore, when mutual

understanding increases as a result of interactions, a comparatively well-linked network could
be formed and a common action plan might take shape. Meanwhile, our relevance to the G20
needs to be further improved. As an engagement group of the G20 Summit, We expect equal
and sufficient attention from each and every G20 Presidency in the years to come. To ensure
continuity and implementation of our initiatives, we intend to follow the G20 format of
troika for closer communication and coordination among the host parties of the immediate
past, present and future C20s in pursuit of a stable functioning mechanism of cooperation.
Source G20 official website
Women 20 Meeting Communiqu
Date of publication 2016-06-28 16:50:00
Xi'an, China
26 May 2016
1. We, representatives of the 2016 Women 20 (W20) Meeting, met in Xi'an, China, from 24
to 26 May 2016 to discuss gender equality perspectives in global economic governance;
women's employment, entrepreneurship and social protection; women's role in the digital
economy; and interconnected and innovative women's network.
2. We reaffirm that gender inclusiveness, gender equality, and women's rights are essential for
strong, sustainable and balanced growth.
3. We are pleased that the G20 Leaders acknowledged the crucial role of women in achieving
economic prosperity and reaffirmed their commitment to taking concrete actions for ensuring
gender equality and womens full participation in economic and social affairs and for their
economic empowerment.
4. We welcome the establishment of Women 20 as an outreach group of the G20, and
appreciate Turkey's hosting of the first W20 Meeting in October 2015.
A Gender Equality Perspective in Global Economic Governance
5. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the world economy has undergone profound and
complicated changes and the road to recovery has been uneven across countries, with some
still experiencing the negative effects of the global financial crisis. In addition, new issues,
risks and challenges continue to emerge. Therefore, it is increasingly important to ensure
strong, sustainable and balanced growth by improving global economic governance and
making it accessible to women and more equitable and inclusive. The potential for the
participation in and contribution of women to the economy is not being fully realized, nor is
their representation and voice in global economic governance. It is critical that the G20

acknowledge that gender-based inequalities are a systemic aspect of the current functioning
of the world economy. We, therefore, encourage G20 members to take the following
measures:

Eliminate all forms of discrimination against women, promote women's economic

empowerment and participation, and work to integrate gender perspectives into all activities
of G20;

Integrate gender mainstreaming into macroeconomic

policies, and gender

perspectives into global economic governance, and implement and advocate for genderresponsive budgeting;

Study the negative impacts and cost of violence against women on national economy,
and adopt and ensure the implementation of laws and measures to prevent and eliminate all
forms of violence against all women and girls and to ensure safety in public and private
spaces to facilitate their economic participation,

Take effective measures to increase opportunities for equal representation of women

in decision-making and leadership positions in both public and private sectors and in the
composition of G20 delegations.

Significantly increase financing for gender equality and womens empowerment to

reduce the gender gap in development policies as called for in the Addis Ababa Action
Agenda;

Take special measures to encourage inclusive sourcing policies by governments and

by corporations to include more women as suppliers in local and global value chains by
establishing baseline data, setting targets and reporting on progress.
Womens Employment and Entrepreneurship and Social Protection
6. Women are still lagging far behind men in terms of economic participation and are not
fully reaping the benefits of economic growth. Among G20 members, the average labor
participation rate is 56% for women and 86% for men. Women continue to concentrate in
sectors, industries, occupations, and jobs with lower job security and wages. They are
overrepresented in small businesses, often with low profitability, and in the informal
economy with limited, if any, access to social security, and receive inadequate recognition for
their unpaid work. Compared with their male counterparts, women still face more obstacles
in accessing land, funding, loans, markets and other productive resources in their
entrepreneurship efforts. Women entrepreneurs find it difficult to gain necessary market and

financial information, operating skills and other services and support. We, therefore,
encourage G20 members to take the following measures:

Request G20 Labour and Employment Ministers to work with the W20 on the
implementation of the agreed target of reducing female labour force participation gap by 25%
by 2025, and urge member states to publish their strategies towards the target and adopt a
transparent and rigorous monitoring process with, if necessary, the technical support of
international organisations;

Strengthen the legal framework and its enforcement in order to eliminate the gender
wage gap, improve women's employment opportunities, working conditions and benefits,
promote reconciliation of work and family life and strengthen the social security systems in
order to increase female labour force participation, recognise and regulate all forms of new
and flexible work and ensure adequate social protection;

Continue to increase social infrastructure investments for care of children, the elderly,
the disabled and the sick. Take active measures to encourage equal sharing of family
responsibilities between women and men;

Make a commitment to systematically recognizing and measuring all forms of work

and embark on national income accounting that includes unpaid care work;

Encourage the B20 to foster gender equality and good governance in the private
sector, including, inter alia, calling on companies to implement the United Nations Womens
Empowerment Principles and report on progress;

Support entrepreneurship and launch specific programs to help women overcome

business start-up barriers, grow and sustain their businesses, including through trade. Improve
women's access to credit and other means of production, and the provision of relevant
training, information services and technical support;

Ensure womens equal access to and ownership of land and assets, and their access to
water and energy, food security and nutrition, quality infrastructure. Encourage rural
womens role in the improvement of global food security by promoting investment in
agriculture and food systems;

Encourage women and girls in the study of science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM), finance, entrepreneurial, green and creative industries, including lifelong learning in STEM jobs;

Enable womens engagement in cross-border trade and participation in global

economic development;

Provide economic and trade incentives for businesses that are at least 51% owned,
managed and controlled by one or more women.

Provide incentives to investors, and in particular to women investors, who support

women-owned or led companies.
Womens Role in the Digital Economy
7. The rapid development and widespread use of information and communication technology
(ICT) has enabled women to enhance development capabilities and competitiveness in the
labor market, created new and tremendous opportunity for women's entrepreneurship and
employment, and facilitated women's access to market information, social networks and
finance. On the other hand, the digital gap has also widened gender disparity in the labor
market participation and wealth creation, and restricted women's role in the digital economy.
Women still encounter many constraints in entrepreneurship and employment and face
obstacles in full and equal participation in the digital economy. We, therefore, encourage G20
members to take the following measures:

Encourage and support women and girls in their efforts to seize the opportunity
brought by the New Industrial Revolution and to actively participate in and benefit from the
digital economy;

Invest in the digital empowerment of women and girls and encourage public and
private investment in women-led digital ventures;

Conduct gender analysis of the impact of the digital economy on the labor market and
on labour rights, and implement policies favorable to women for their entrepreneurship and
employment in the digital economy era.
Interconnected and Innovative Womens Network
8. Women's networks play a crucial role in promoting gender equality and the development of
women, and together with women entrepreneurs associations can create more employment
opportunities and new sources of economic growth. However, due to lack of human, material
and financial resources, women's organizations and professional associations cannot play
their role effectively. In addition, there is potential for greater cooperation among
organisations. In this connection, we encourage G20 members to take the following
measures:

Support and strengthen capacity building of womens networks nationally, regionally

and internationally;

Strengthen

trans-national

and

cross-regional

exchanges

between

womens

organisations and womens professional associations as well as their cooperation with

governmental

institutions,

workers

and

employers

organisations

and

relevant

intergovernmental organisations.
Conclusion
9. We reaffirm the importance of the monitoring framework included in the Istanbul W20
Communiqu to track G20 members progress in delivering on their gender equality
commitments.
10. W20 will continue to work with intergovernmental organisations, including UN Women
and ILO.
11. We will submit this W20 Meeting Communiqu to the 2016 G20 Summit.
12. We thank China for its leadership in 2016 and look forward to our next W20 Meeting.
Source G20 official website