BEng/MEng Civil Engineering

CV2306 Part 2 Structural Design

Structural Steel Design
Introduction
A three storey steel framed small office building is required for a property developer client; the frame provides the
structure for a series of high specification offices that are intended to be built in the south of England.
The client requires the cheapest solution for the given frame with the following limits imposed to keep fabrication and
assembly costs to a minimum:

Three column section sizes should be used, two for the upper floors and one for the ground floor. Care will be
needed to ensure that an appropriate splice connection can be made.
Up to four beam sizes may be used although effort should also be made to keep these to a similar depth on
any given floor.
Only two beam connection details are required to avoid confusion over the size or type of bolts to be used.
A maximum of two bracing element sizes and connections are required.

Basis of Design
The structure is to be designed in accordance with the requirements of the latest editions of BS EN1990, BS EN1991
and BS EN1993, each with the appropriate National Annex.

Structural arrangement
The structural arrangement is shown in the attached drawing. It consists of two regions that are repeated for each of
the offices. The structure has two key features, a large opening in the first floor slabs to allow for a large entrance
atrium and a cantilevered second floor. The structure is to be designed as a simple frame using nominally pinned
connections. Bracing is hence required to resist lateral loads and provide structural stability.
Grades S275 or S355 steel may be used although the current price difference is small. As such, cheaper solutions
are usually found using S275 but if, for example, a section just fails to meet a requirement then increasing the steel
grade may provide a cheaper alternative than moving up to the next section size. This is particularly useful when
trying to splice columns.
Some dimensions of the structure are dependent upon group members date of birth. These are as follows (in metres):
a = 5.9 + [(dd+mm+yy) of person A in group]/100
b = 8.1 + [(dd+mm+yy) of person B in group]/100
c = 5.4 + [(dd+mm+yy) of person C in group]/100
d = 5.0 + [(dd+mm+yy) of person D in group]/100
NOTE: If there are only three people in your group then ignore the activity of Person D and make dimension d equal to
c.

Loading
Characteristic loads for permanent, variable and wind are to be determined in accordance with EC1 and loading is
nominally residential; further details are given in the notes of the attached drawing. For the purposes of design, take
the upper limit of any load range recommended by EC1. For wind loading, take the worst loading of any region of
southern England south of a line drawn from Bath to London. There is no need to account for any other type of
loading.

Calculations for structural elements

Design calculations are required for the following representative elements. Calculations for the final selected section
only should be submitted.
Person D
Person A

Person B

Person C

(ignore if 3 people in
group)

Roof beams

Second floor beams

including cantilever
(beam 4-6 should be
continuous)

First floor transfer

beams between
gridlines 1-3

First floor beams 3A5A/3B-5B

Bracing for wind load

Outer perimeter
columns on upper
floors

Inner columns on
upper floors

Ground floor columns

Check Person B

Check Person C

Check Person D

Check Person A

Connections
Isometric and orthographic sketches of suitable details are required for the following connections (no calculations are
required, use of AutoCAD is NOT allowed). Details should be appropriate to the specific location.
Person A

Person B

At Gridline E-1, 2
floor

nd

At Gridline B-5, 2
floor

Person C
nd

Person D
st

At Gridline D-3, 1
floor

Centre of beam at
first floor A-1 to B-1

Submission and other considerations

Each group must submit their complete set of calculations and sketches of connection details. Each students work
within the group should be presented as a separate section. This will be followed by the summary of total steel
material usage for the frame along with any further work for the bonus concerning any savings in material usage by
using more than the preferred number of elements. This summary need only be a list of the members (use grid refs to
locate the member), the material used, length per element, number of similar elements and total weight. If you go for
the bonus then two tables should be presented to show the comparison.
Element
location
All perimeter
st
columns, 1 to
nd
2 FFL

Material
a
S355

Mass/unit
length (kg/m)
m
393

Length (m)
l
6.5

Number of
elements
L
12

Equivalent total
mass in S275
M
=393*12*6.5
=30.66t

TOTAL MASS

Add up all values

in column above

List all members

DEADLINE: 14.30 on Friday 29th January 2016

Marking criteria
The secondary coversheet shows the marks allocated to each section of the exercise. Marks will be awarded using
the following criteria

Accuracy of calculations including appropriate values from National Annex

This is not about how many significant figures you use but about the appropriateness of the calculation to the
actual structure e.g. are buckling lengths correct, have the correct axes been used, have appropriate
combination of loads being taken into account.
safety and economy of selected structural sections
Students have in the past lost marks here for being over conservative e.g. marks will be lost if a chosen
section could actually carry 10 times the applied load. Conversely, a fail mark would be given if the structure
would actually collapse i.e. it isnt strong enough.
clarity and conciseness of supporting explanations
Are diagrams and written explanations clear and concise? If not then marks will be lost.
quality of presentation
Calculations should be clear to read not only in whether the read can tell what the numbers are but also have
you explained what you are calculating a long list of equations does not tell the reader that you are trying to
establish the bending strength of a beam, for example.
compliance with standard format including referencing to clauses, tables and equations of the Eurocodes
Have the correct clauses been used, are they referenced in the left margin so the reader can tell where
something has come from, etc.
quality & neatness of sketches appropriate to application
All engineers need to communicate through hand drawn sketches, even if its to aid explanation during a
meeting. Given this skill has been poorly demonstrated in the past then please take particular note of the
guidance.
accuracy of checking
As a means of assessing whether your colleagues have designed the structural elements correctly you should
check their calculations. If you cannot tell what they have done then I probably wouldnt as well and hence
marks will be lost.

Submissions must be handwritten on one side of the paper only using the provided calculation sheets. Each
calculation sheet must be initialled and dated by both the student responsible for the calculations and one other acting
as checker (you are checking that your colleagues calculations are correct).
Coursework will be accepted only if submitted with the original cover sheet; copies of the coversheet will not be
accepted.
A summary electronic submission may be requested, which will be confirmed at a later date.

Group mark
Individual mark - total
Design actions and combinations
Element design calculations
Connection sketch
Presentation and referencing
Check of calcs
Total

Max
Mark
10
90
(20)
(30)
(20)
(10)
(10)
100

Guidance notes on calculations

Actions
Characteristic values of loading should be multiplied by appropriate values of partial safety factors for ultimate limit
state design calculations.
From these factored loads, use suitable combinations to calculate the critical member forces for design of the
designated elements.
Floor slabs
Assume that the floor slabs are one-way spanning. Their direction of span is indicated on the attached drawing and
thus their load is equally divided onto the beams at their ends.
Beams
Assume that the beam is not restrained along its length. This will account for the temporary construction stage when
the slabs are first lifted into position but not yet connected to the beams. Most beams will be carrying a small axial
load in the plane of the floor due to wind loads transferring to the horizontal bracing. Select a trial UB/UKB section on
the basis of moment resistance on the assumption that no reduction for shear or axial load is required and then check
whether these assumptions are valid. Confirm whether or not a check for shear buckling of the unstiffened web is
required but there is no need to design stiffeners. Calculations should include a check on the section classification.
Check that the vertical deflection of the due to unfactored variable loads does not exceed span/360. (Note: All
permanent actions occur during construction and therefore are not included in this serviceability check.
Confirm that the total weight of floor construction is less than the initial assumption.
Columns
Some columns are double or triple storey height. As simple construction it is assumed that beam reactions act
100mm from the face of the column. Moments are applied in both directions about interior columns. About any axis,
the worst effect is found with maximum loads on one side and minimum on the other so youll need to consider
favourable and unfavourable combination factors. Given that there will be two designs, one for the ground floor and
one for the upper floor, there will need to be a little collaboration to ensure similar sizes are used, or at least to
determine what the connection might look like.
Select a trial UC/UKC section based on axial load capacity and refine your choice as necessary depending on the
magnitude of moment capacity required.
Bracing
From the wind load, calculate the forces acting on the bracing. Circular hollow sections are to be used for bracing
elements.
Sketches
An engineering sketch is not like an artists impression (i.e. it but is a neat and approximately to scale orthographic
engineering drawing. They can be isometric or orthographic projections (first or third angle projection accepted)
although both are required for this coursework. They should be properly labelled, hatched for sections, have holes in
appropriate places and proper indication of bolts, for example. The use of the calculation sheet is a good start as it
has grid lines that you can follow. Bolt locations should be accurate. Your sketches should be for your structure not
a generic solution, for example, marks are often lost for drawing a rigid connection when you have assumed your
structure uses simple (pinned) connections.
Calculations
Calculations should start with a diagram indicating the structural element to be designed, the assumed support
conditions and the loading arrangement. If more than one loading arrangement is being considered then draw more
than one diagram. In addition, make sure that you include
Checking group members calculations
Each member should check another members calculations for accuracy and correctness of assumptions. There are
10 marks available and a student is awarded the checked members individual mark i.e. if Person A gets 67% for their
individual work then the checker will get 6.7/10.

Listed by Group Number

First Name
Surname
BIANCA
DECARLI
KAREN
FRANCIS
JOOST
LAMERIS
AMIRA
MUNIE
MOHAMMED
ALKHORSAN
MATHURAN
BALACHANDRAN
JOSIAH
JOHNSON
SUGANJAN
SAUVENDRANAYAGAM
MOHAMED
ABUEGAILA
MOHAMED
ABULFATEH
SHAREEF
ALI
MOHANAD
NABIL MAAROUF
HANNAH
ESGUERRA
MELANIE
MURALI
ANNA
NASSANO
SONIA
SUNWAR
FARIS
AL AMER
KAMIL
BEDNAREK
JORGE
CARO YIKA
ZIMUZO
OBI
David
Bowles
Fraser
Godfrey
HENRY
KIRKBRIDE
NICOLAS
LAM
TIAN
LIEW
NGHIA
NGUYEN
REENA
HIRANI
AJMAIN
KHAN
KHADRA
MOORE
Nasrin
Sadeghi
HAMZA
ACHAROUI
EMMANUEL
EDE
ANAMUL
HUSSAIN
SHARIQ
NAQVI
HEBA
RIAZ
ANTONIO
ALLEGRI
ZEISHAN
MUHAMMAD
TARA
SASSEL
ZABHI
HUSSAINI
HUMZA
KAZI
MOHAMMED
KHALEF
ENAMMUL
MIAH
SAKIB
AL-RASHID
MUHAMMAD
FARAZ
AMMAAR
KHAN
ABDURRAHMAN LAMARA
JAMIE
HARRISON-GRUNDY
DAISY
HOBSON
AMY
LEGGETT-AULD
ANTONIO
VACCA

Listed by Surname
First Name
Surname
MOHAMED
ABUEGAILA
MOHAMED
ABULFATEH
HAMZA
ACHAROUI
SHAKIL
AHMED
FARIS
AL AMER
SURAJ
ALEXANDER
SHAREEF
ALI
MOHAMMED
ALKHORSAN
ANTONIO
ALLEGRI
SAKIB
AL-RASHID
MOHAMED
AMMACHE
RADU
APOSTOL
MUHAMMAD
ARSHAD
SHEHMEER
ASAD
MATHURAN
BALACHANDRAN
KAMIL
BEDNAREK
SEVDA
BEHBUDOVA
David
Bowles
JORGE
CARO YIKA
KARL
DAGHER
MARIO
DE LANDRO
BIANCA
DECARLI
EMMANUEL
EDE
ANDREAS
EGELAND
LUKE
ELLIMAN
HANNAH
ESGUERRA
MAHAMED
FARAH
AHMED
FARAH SIGAD
MUHAMMAD
FARAZ
BASHIR
FARUKH
KAREN
FRANCIS
DELUXSON
GNANASAMBANTHAN
Fraser
Godfrey
MIGUEL
GONZALEZ URQUHART
AYATUL
HAQUE
JAMIE
HARRISON-GRUNDY
REENA
HIRANI
DAISY
HOBSON
ANAMUL
HUSSAIN
ZABHI
HUSSAINI
JOSIAH
JOHNSON
HUMZA
KAZI
MOHAMMED
KHALEF
AJMAIN
KHAN
AMMAAR
KHAN
HENRY
KIRKBRIDE
HUSEYIN
KOCADAG
SHRAVAN
KORDE
NICOLAS
LAM
ABDURRAHMAN LAMARA

Gp
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14

Gp
3
3
10
19
5
22
3
2
11
13
22
15
16
19
2
5
21
6
5
23
18
1
10
22
23
4
17
23
13
17
1
15
6
16
20
14
9
14
10
12
2
12
12
9
13
8
18
22
8
13

Listed by Group Number

First Name
Surname
RADU
APOSTOL
DELUXSON
GNANASAMBANTHAN
DANIEL
RAHMAN
EROTOKRITOS
VASILIOU
MUHAMMAD
ARSHAD
GONZALEZ
MIGUEL
URQUHART
MAX
MCCARTHY
SUTHARSAN
NAVARATNAM
MAHAMED
FARAH
BASHIR
FARUKH
HASAN
MOHAMED
SHAYAN
RASSOLPOUR
MARIO
DE LANDRO
HUSEYIN
KOCADAG
HOUTAN
MARD-ALI-POUR
MAIWAND
SAID
SHAKIL
AHMED
SHEHMEER
ASAD
SAID
SAID
AYATUL
HAQUE
MUHAMMAD
RAZA
WASALA
WIJESINGHE
SEVDA
BEHBUDOVA
AHMED
SHEIKHOSMAN
ABDUL
THOMAS
SURAJ
ALEXANDER
MOHAMED
AMMACHE
ANDREAS
EGELAND
SHRAVAN
KORDE
KARL
DAGHER
LUKE
ELLIMAN
AHMED
FARAH SIGAD
MUHAMMAD
RABBANI

Listed by Surname
First Name
Surname
JOOST
LAMERIS
AMY
LEGGETT-AULD
TIAN
LIEW
HOUTAN
MARD-ALI-POUR
MAX
MCCARTHY

Gp
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23

ENAMMUL
HASAN
KHADRA
ZEISHAN
AMIRA
MELANIE
MOHANAD
SHARIQ
ANNA
SUTHARSAN
NGHIA
ZIMUZO
MUHAMMAD
DANIEL
SHAYAN
MUHAMMAD
HEBA
Nasrin
MAIWAND
SAID
TARA
SUGANJAN
AHMED
SONIA
ABDUL
ANTONIO
EROTOKRITOS
WASALA

MIAH
MOHAMED
MOORE
MUHAMMAD
MUNIE
MURALI
NABIL MAAROUF
NAQVI
NASSANO
NAVARATNAM
NGUYEN
OBI
RABBANI
RAHMAN
RASSOLPOUR
RAZA
RIAZ
Sadeghi
SAID
SAID
SASSEL
SAUVENDRANAYAGAM
SHEIKHOSMAN
SUNWAR
THOMAS
VACCA
VASILIOU
WIJESINGHE

Gp
1
14
8
18
16
12
17
9
11
1
4
3
10
4
16
8
5
23
15
17
20
11
9
18
19
11
2
21
4
21
14
15
20

B
A
A

5
1

6
A

5
1

5
1

B
4

C
a

H
b

First floor plan

1.7

Second floor plan

E
1.7

4
Roof plan

1.5

6
5

NOTES:

1. Plans show column arrangement below slab.

2. Column axes to be oriented as indicated.
3. Column and beam lengths as nominally
indicated in section A-A.
4. Except as described in Note 5, all floors and
roof to be designed for a 125mm slab, 50mm
screed and 1.3kN/m2 for partitions and
flooring. For cladding, allow for 1.25kN/m
hanging on the slab edges on the perimeter of
the building i.e. The self weight of the
cladding is supported by the floor below.

Roof (+b+2.5m)
2nd FFL (+bm)
1st FFL (+3.5m)
Ground (+0m)
b

3
A-A

1.7

6
5

C
B-B

KEY:

Void in slab
A

CV2406 Structural Design

Design of Steel Structures
Coursework 2015
DRAWN BY:
BM

SCALE:
1:250

SIZE:
A3