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Inductance
Region
Reactive
Impedance
ZINPUT = XL = ZO tan()
0 /4
where:
ZINPUT =
=
ZO
F = Self Resonace
Frequency (SRF)
XL
VCO Basics
A varactor diode is the most widely used method to vary the
operating frequency of an oscillator. Because a shorted transmission line will look inductive when operated below the Self
Resonant Frequency (SRF) of the line, a varactor can tune the
following circuit.
XC
Frequency
VTUNE
Out
TRL
5.0
Inductance (nH)
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
831
849
866
884
909
919
Frequency (MHz)
March 9, 2007 Trans-Tech Proprietary Information Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice.
VTUNE-07 V
+5 V10 mA
6.8
R1
100 K
D1
R3
100
C8
100
SMV1104-34
C2
3.3
Skyworks
SR8800SPQ1160BY
TRL
C
S
C3
3.3
J1
+10 dBm
875 MHz
10
ATF
21186
1000
10.5 0.5
3642/fO
2000
20.6 1.0
2601/fO
8800
39.0 1.5
1890/fO
9000
90.0 3.0
1244/fO
R4
39
100
C7
C4
D
C8
6.8
G
ZINPUT
tan-1
inches
2
ZO
R5
200
Profile
890
885
Frequency
880
875
870
1000
2000
8800
9000
Tab
Inductors
HP
25.3
18.1
13.1
8.6
1.8 nH
EP
22.5
16.1
11.7
7.7
1.0 nH
SP
18.3
13.1
9.5
6.3
1.0 nH
LS
18.4
13.1
9.5
6.3
0.9 nH
LP
27.4
19.6
14.2
9.4
1.0 nH
SP
25.7
18.4
13.3
8.8
0.6 nH
SM
18.4
13.1
9.5
6.3
0.6 nH
865
860
855
850
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Tune Voltage
The SRF must lie within the recommended frequency range for a
coaxial resonator of the same profile and material. This manufacturing restriction places constraints upon the range of inductance
reactance which can be realized by this technique, although arbitrarily high reactance values can be achieved close to SRF. The
designer should prudently analyze the circuit response when fO
is near SRF.
SRF may be calculated from previously determined values:
GfO
1
MHz
+5 V
VTUNE2-12 V
R1
12 K
C1
0.3
D1
SMV1104-34
+5 V
R2
12 K
C2
0.6
R3
12 K
TRL
SRF =
R4
100
C4
470
Q1
BFP81
C3
0.5
R5
330
R6
39 K
R7
360 C5
10
Q2
BFP 81 J1
+5 dBm
TRANS-TECH
SR8800SPQ1995BY
1745
Design Example 1
Use a shorted coax line element to give an inductive reactance of
25 at 900 MHz. Smallest height is required.
The SM profile is chosen with 8800 material, R = 39. The 0.6 nH
tab inductance contributes 3.4 and is subtracted from the
25 to give 21.6 . From Table 1, the wavelength in the dielectric at 900 MHz is:
Frequency
1735
1725
1715
1705
1695
0 1 2
3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Tune Voltage
2.111
tan-1 21.6 = 0.392 inches
2
9.5
also,
SRF =
(2.1) (900)
= 1205 MHz
(4) (0.392)
Q = 240 800
1
0.236
SRF =
Design Example 2
Use a shorted coax line element to give an inductive reactance
equivalent to that of an ideal 4.0 nH coil at 800 MHz. Low loss is
required, but part must be less than 0.250" high.
1n 0.236
0.097
= 415
1
0.097
(2.375) (800)
= 1239 MHz
(4) (0.383)
March 9, 2007 Trans-Tech Proprietary Information Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice.
References
Additional Reading
March 9, 2007 Trans-Tech Proprietary Information Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice.