Selection for Street Light Luminar-(PART-1) | Electrical Notes & Articles

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SharingAbstracts,NotesonvariousElectricalEngineeringTopics.

OCTOBER5,2014
14COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2014/10/05/SELECTION
FORSTREETLIGHTLUMINARPART1/#COMMENTS)

Terminology for Road Light Illumination:

(1) Luminance (E):
Luminanceistheamountoflightfallingonasurface.
Theluminancereferstotheincidenceofthelightfluxonasurface,perunitofsurface.
E=Phi/A(lx)
Theluminanceisexpressedinlux(lx).
Fullmoonhas0.1Lux,Emergencylightinghas1Lux,Streetlightinghas10Lux,Winterdayhas10000Lux,Summerdayhas100
000Lux

(2) Lumen (lm):

Lumenisaunitofmeasureofthequantityoflight.
Onelumenistheamountoflightwhichfallsonanareaofonesquarefooteverypointofwhichisonefootfromthesourceofone
candela.
Alightsourceofonecandelaemitsatotalof12.57lumens.

(3) Lux:
Luxisametricmeasurementoflightonasurface.
TheilluminationoflightfluxisexpressedinLuxhenceunitofluminanceisLux.
Theluminousfluxperunitareaof1squaremeteronasphereofradius1meteriscalled1Lux.
1Lux=1LumenpersquareMeter.
Lux=Lumens/Area(sqmeter).
1Luxequals0.0929footcandle
DierencebetweenLumensandLux
OneLuxisdefinedasbeingequivalenttoonelumenspreadoveranareaofonesquaremeter.
Measurementoflux(lightintensity)tellsushowmanylumens(totallightoutput)weneedinthegivenareaofillumination.
Lightingalargerareatothesamemeasurementofluxrequiresalargernumberoflumenswhichisusuallyachievedbyincreasing
thenumberoflightfixtures.

(4) Foot candle (fc):

ItistheEnglishunitofIlluminance.
Itistheamountoflightfluxdensity.Itistheunitofmeasureusedwhendescribingtheamountoflightinaroomandexpressedin
lumenspersquarefoot.
Itistheamountoflightthatfallsontheareawewanttoilluminate.Wealsowanttoknowthelumenspersquarefootorsquare

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meterinaspace.
ThisquantitycalledLightFluxDensityisthecommontermFootcandle(fc).
Footcandle=Lumens/Area
Example:A40wattfluorescentlamp120centimeterslongproduces3,200lumensoflightinaroomhavingageneraldimensionsof
10x20ft.Findtheilluminationonthefloor.
Footcandle(fc)=Lumens/Area
Footcandle(fc)=3,200lm/1020ft=16footcandle
Thefootcandleisanimportantunitofmeasureincalculatingthedesiredilluminationandlayoutoffixtures.

(5) Foot candle (fc):

Theunitofluminance=theluminousfluxpersquarefootonasphereofradius1foot.
Onefootcandleisapproximately10lux.

(6) Luminance:
Luminanceindicatesthedegreeofbrightnesswithwhichthehumaneyeperceivesalightsourceoranilluminatedsurface.
L=E/A(cd/m2)
Theluminanceisexpressedincandelapersquaremeter(cd/m2).
Theamountoflightreflectedfromasurface.Itissortofthebrightnesswesee,i.e.thevisualeectoftheluminance.
Itdependsontheamountofluminanceandonthereflectivepropertiesofthesurfaceaswellasontheprojectedareaontheplane
perpendiculartothedirectionofview.
Theunitiscandelapersquaremeter(cd/m2),orcandelapersquarefoot

(7) Lamp Circuit Efficacy:

Amountoflight(lumens)emittedbyalampforeachwattofpowerconsumedbythelampcircuit,i.e.includingcontrolgearlosses.
Thisisamoremeaningfulmeasureforthoselampsthatrequirecontrolgear.ItsUnitislumenspercircuitwatt(lm/W)

(8) Uniformity ratio:

G=Emin/Egem(%)Theuniformityratioistheratiobetweentheminimumluminanceandtheaverageluminanceonasurface.This
figureindicatesthedegreeofevenness.E=1indicatescompleteuniformity.

(9) Utilization Factor (UF):

UF(%)Theutilizationfactorindicateshowwellalightinginstallationusestheluminousfluxofthelamps.Thisisindicatedasthe
ratiobetweentheluminousfluxthatreachestheworkingplaneandthelightsourceofthebarelamps,expressedasa
percentage.
Theutilizationfactoroflampsistheratioofluminousfluxwhichisarrivedtotheroadfromthefullluminousfluxoflamp.Itis
calculatedbyusingthecursesignofutilizationfactorwhichisdierentfromeachlamp.

(10) Coefficient of Utilization (CU):

Adesignfactorthatrepresentsthepercentageofbarelamplumensthatareutilizedtolightthepavementsurface.Thisfactoris
basedontheluminariespositionrelativetothelightedarea.

CoecientofUtilization

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(11) Lamp Lumen Depreciation Factor (LLD):

Asthelampservicelifeincrease,thelumenoutputofthelampdecreases.Thisisaninherentcharacteristicofalllamps.
Theinitiallamplumenvalueisadjustedbyalumendepreciationfactortocompensatefortheanticipatedlumenreduction.This
assuresthataminimumlevelofilluminationwillbeavailableattheendoftheassumedlamplife,eventhoughlamplumen
depreciationhasoccurred.Thisinformationisusuallyprovidedbythemanufacturer.
MostlyusedLLD=0.80

(12) Luminaries Dirt Depreciation Factor (LDD):

Dirtontheexteriorandinterioroftheluminaire,andtosomeextentonthelampitself,reducestheamountoflightreachingthe
pavement.
Variousdegreesofdirtaccumulationmayoccurdependingupontheareainwhichtheluminaireislocated.Industrialareas,
automobileexhaust,dieseltrucks,dustandotherenvironsallaectthedirtaccumulationontheluminaire.
Highermountingheights,however,tendtoreducethevehiclerelateddirtaccumulation.
MostlyLDD=0.9

(13) Maintenance Factor (MF):

Themaintenancefactoristhecombinationoflightlossfactorsusedtodenotethereductionoftheilluminationforagivenareaafter
aperiodoftimecomparedtotheinitialilluminationonthesamearea.Itistheproductofthelamplumendepreciationfactorand
theluminairedirtdepreciationfactor(i.e.,MF=LLDxLDD).
ConsultthemanufacturersdataandtheElectricalandMechanicalUnitfortheappropriatefactorstouse.

MaintenanceFactor
Enclosedfixture,cleanroom

0.8

Averageconditions

0.7

OpenFixtureordirtyroom

0.6

(14)ColorRenderingIndex(CRI):
Itisabilityofalightsourcetorendercolorsandmakethemappearnormal.
Theindexscalerunsfrom0100.ACRIof100meanscolorslooknormal,alowCRImeanscolorslookdistorted.
CRIof60meansthesourcerenders60%ofthecolorswelland40%poorly.
HalogenandIncandescentlampsgenerallyhaveaCRIof100.
IlluminationUnitComparisons
Term

English

Metric(SI)

Length

Feet

Meter

Area

Squarefoot

Squaremeter

LuminanceFlux

Lumens

Lumens

IlluminationFluxDensity

Footcandles

Lux

Luminance

Footlamberts

LambertorMilliLamberts

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Recommended Lux Level:

IlluminationLevel
Area

LuxLevel

VeryBrightSummerDay(Max)

Upto100000Lux

VeryBrightSummerDay(Min)

20000Lux

NighttimeCarPark

1Lux

NighttimeUrbanStreet

10Lux

NightLightonaBuilding

60Lux

Machineshop

400Lux

Oces

500Lux

Kitchens(foodpreparationarea)

400Lux

Counters

240Lux

Machineshop

700Lux

Canteens

300Lux

WaitingRooms

80Lux

Foyers

200Lux

Entrancehalls

160Lux

Stairs

40Lux

Warehouses

80Lux

Passageways

80Lux

Corridors

40Lux

IlluminanceforVariousRoadwayTypes(ANSI/IESRP8)
RoadType

IlluminaceLux

UrbanFreeway

10

FreewayInterchange

14

CommercialArterial

20

ResidentialCollector

Local

LightlevelsasperIS1944
Classification
ofroad

Typeofroad

Averagelevelof
illumination
(lux)

Min:Avg

Min:Max(%)

GroupA1

Importanttracroutescarrying
fasttrac

30

0.4

33

GroupA2

Othermainroadscarrying
mixedtrac,likemaincity
streets,arterialroads,
throughwaysetc

15

0.4

33

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GroupB1

Secondaryroadswith
considerabletraclike
principallocaltracroutes,
shoppingstreetsetc

0.3

20

GroupB2

Secondaryroadswithlight
trac.importanttracroutes
carryingfasttrac

0.3

20

MinimumLevelofilluminationinLux
Road

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

ArterialRoads

10.0

13.0

17

CollectorRoad

6.0

10.0

13.0

LocalRoads

4.0

7.0

9.0

Walkways&Pathways

4.0

Lanes

4.0

2.0

2.0

RecommendedLevelsofIllumination(BIS,1981)Table6

RoadCharacteristics

AvgIllumination
(Lux)

Min/Avg
Illumination
(Lux)

TypeofLuminaries
Preferred

Importanttracroutescarrying
fasttrac

30

0.4

Cuto

Mainroadscarryingmixedtrac
likecitymainroads/streets,
arterialroads,throughways

15

0.4

Cuto

Secondaryroadswith
considerabletraclikelocal
tracroutes,shoppingstreets

0.3

Cutoor
semicuto

Secondaryroadswithlighttrac

0.3

Cutoor
semicuto

RecommendedAverageHorizontalIlluminationlevelinLux
VehiculartracClassification
PedestrianTrac
Verylight

Light

Medium

HeavytoHeaviest

Heavy

9.68

12.91

16.14

12.52

Medium

6.46

8.61

10.26

12.91

Light

2.15

4.30

6.46

9.68

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14 Responses to Selection for Street Light Luminar-(PART-1)

RajeshHarode says:
October5,2014at2:59pm
SirplsnotesHindimebhibhejiyeMujheEnglishkamaatihaisoplssupportmeIamyourregularfollowerThanks&regards.
Rajesh
Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
October5,2014at3:06pm
DearRajesh,
NotpossibletotranslateinHindifrommyend..
Reply
akramabdelaziz says:
October5,2014at4:34pm
manythanks
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Jackson says:
October5,2014at4:48pm
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website,Keepupthepleasantwork.
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OmutinyuD.Shitandi says:
October5,2014at4:57pm
Justtosay,youarewonderfultowestudentswhoarestillstudying,mayyoubeblessed.
Reply
IgboLezorngia says:
October5,2014at10:27pm
Sir,Goodday.IsomuchappreciateallyourElectricalnotesandArticles.Thanksalot.ButSir,Ineedyourassistancetoenable
writethebelowthesis(Project)withease:
Thetopic:TheImpactofPowerSystemSecurityanditsoperationsonthenationalgrid.PleasehelpmeoutSir.

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Thankyouandbestregardstothefamily.
IgboL.Paulinus+2348038810751
________________________________
Reply
raja says:
October6,2014at7:30am
thankstoyourexplain
Reply
Rizvi says:
October8,2014at6:33am
Sharingaknowledgeistheworldbestworktodoforamankind.
Reply
hoang says:
December4,2014at9:24am
Pleaseexplainwithyourexample:
CalculateSpacebetweenTwoPoleofStreetLighthavingFixtureWattis250W,LampoutputoftheLamp(LL)is33200lumens,
RequiredLuxLevel(E)is5lux,Widthoftheroad(W)=11.48feet(3.5M),Heightofthepole(H)=26.24feet(8M),Coecientof
utilization(CU)=0.18,LampLumenDepreciationFactor(LLD)=0.8,LuminariesdirtDepreciationFactor(LDD)=0.9
Solution:
LuminariesSpacing(S)=(LLxCUxLLDxLDD)/(ExW)
LuminariesSpacing(S)=(332000.180.90.8)/(511.48)
LuminariesSpacing(S)=75feet(23Meters)
WithequationS=(LLxCUxLLDxLDD)/(ExW)
W=3.5(m)inSIsystemthenS=242(m).IthinkvalueS=242(m)istoofar
Reply
AdilShahzad says:
January27,2015at7:29am
Dearsiryournotesareabsolutelyawesomeandyouaredoingagreatjobasyournotesareprovidingasucienthelptonew
comers.
Reply
mdtabrez2008 says:
March20,2015at12:33pm
Mr.Jignesh.Youdidanawesomejob.Thanksalot
Reply
Ganesh says:
April12,2015at2:37pm
thankusir
Reply
SyedSheik says:
April25,2015at6:02pm
Super
Reply
Narendra says:
May19,2015at4:43am
ifthetotallumensrequiredare7200andcoecientofutilizationis0.3,calculatelamplumensrequired
anyoneexplain
Reply

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