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Objective

Pre LTE/EPC Network Architecture


Network Architecture Evolution
EPS Network Architecture
EPS network Element and Functionalities
EPS Network Interfaces and Functionalities

Pre LTE/EPC Network Architecture and Architecture


Evolution

Typical 2G Architecture

BSC

PSDN
BSC
HLR

BSC

BSC

SMS-SC

PLMN

MSC/VLR

MSC/VLR

GMSC

Tandem

CO

PSTN

Tandem

CO

CO

2.5 G Architecture
2G MS (voice only)

NSS
BSS
E

Abis

PSTN

PSTN

B
BSC

MS

MSC

BTS

Gs

VLR

GMSC

SS7

H
Gb
2G+ MS (voice & data)
Gr

HLR

AuC

Gc

Gn
SGSN

BSS Base Station System


BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller

Gi

IP

NSS Network Sub-System


MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC

PSDN

GGSN

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node


GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

Rel 99 Architecture
2G MS (voice only)

CN
BSS
E

Abis

PSTN

PSTN

B
BSC

Gb

BTS

MSC
Gs

VLR

GMSC

D
H

2G+ MS (voice & data)

IuCS
RNS

Gr

HLR

ATM
Iub

IuPS
RNC

AuC

Gc

Gn
SGSN

Gi

IP

PSDN

GGSN

Node B

3G UE (voice & data)


BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller

RNS Radio Network System


RNC Radio Network Controller

CN Core Network
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node


GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

Rel. 4 Architecture
2G MS (voice only)

CN
CS-MGW

Nb

BSS
A

Abis

CS-MGW
Nc

PSTN
Mc

PSTN

B
BSC
Gb

BTS

MSC Server
Gs

VLR

SS7

2G+ MS (voice & data)

GMSC server

IuCS
RNS

Gr

HLR

ATM
Iub

IuPS
RNC

AuC

Gc

IP/ATM

Gn
SGSN

Gi

PSDN

GGSN

Node B
3G UE (voice & data)
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
RNS Radio Network System
RNC Radio Network Controller

CN Core Network
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node


GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

Architecture Evolution
HSPA
HSPA R6
GGSN

SGSN

I-HSPA

LTE

HSPA R7

HSPA R7

LTE R8

GGSN

GGSN

SAE GW

Direct tunnel

SGSN

RNC

RNC

Node B
(NB)

Node B
(NB)

User plane
Control Plane

SGSN

Node B +
RNC
Functionalit
y

MME/SGSN

Evolved
Node B
(eNB)

EPS Network Architecture, Elements and Functionalities

EPS Network Architecture

HSS

eNB

EUTRAN

Home
Subscriber
Server
Mobility
Management
Entity

S6a

MME

X2

EPC
Policy &
Charging Rule
Function

S10

S7

Rx+
PCRF

S11

LTE-Uu

LTE-UE

S5/S8

S1-U

Serving
Gateway

eNode B

PDN
Gateway

SAE
SAE Gateway
Gateway

CP +UP

CP

SGi

UP

PDN

Evolved Node B (eNB)

cell

LTE-Uu
LTE-UE

Evolved
Node B

Only Network element in EUTRAN

Replaces the old NodeB/RNC combination from 3G

Terminates the complete radio interface including physical layer

Performs all Radio Resource Management functionality

An eNB can handle several cells

Mobility Management Entity (MME)


HSS
S6a

MME

S1-MME

S10

S11

S1-U

S-GW
Pure Signaling Entity inside EPC
Handles attach and Detach to the SAE system as well as Tracking Area update

Interface to the HSS for the subscriber relevant information

the signaling coordination to setup transport bearers through the EPC for a UE

MMEs can be interconnected via the S10 interface

It generates and allocates temporary IDs for UEs

Serving Gateway
MME

S11
S5/S8

S1-U

eNode B

Serving
Gateway

Manages the user data path with in EPC

Connects via S1 interface towards eNB

Packet Data Anchor with in EPC

Connects the P-GW with S5/S8 interface

A serving gateway is controlled by one or more MMEs via S11 interface

PDN
Gateway

Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway


S7

Rx+
PCRF

S5/S8

SGi
PDN

Serving
Gateway

PDN
Gateway

provides the connection between EPC and a number of external data networks

IP Address allocation to the UE

Packet Filtering

QoS coordination between the external PDN and EPC

connected via S7 to a PCRF

Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF)


S7

Rx+
PCRF

S5/S8

SGi
PDN

Serving
Gateway

PDN
Gateway

Quality of Service (QoS) coordination between the external PDN and EPC
PCRF is connected via Rx+ interface to the external Data network (PDN)
Check and modify the QoS associated with a SAE bearer setup from SAE or to request the setup of a
SAE bearer from the PDN

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

S6a
S1-MME

MME

S10

S11

S1-U

S-GW

Similar to HLR in 2G/3G Network

With LTE/EPS the HSS will get additionally data per subscriber for mobility and service handling
The HSS can be accessed by the MME via S6a interface

EPS Interfaces
Iu-PS

UTRAN

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

Gi

HSS

EUTRAN

eNB

S3

S4

EPC

S6a

MME

X2

S10

S7

Rx+
PCRF

S11

LTE-Uu

LTE-UE

S5/S8

S1-U

eNode B

S-GW

SGi

P-GW
SAE
Gateway

PDN

EPS Network Interfaces and Functionalities

LTE Interfaces
LTE Uu
Air interface of LTE, based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
FDD and TDD duplex methods
Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz
X2
Inter eNB interface ,uses X2APspecial signalling protocol
For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding
In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management
S1-MME

Control interface between eNB and MME, Uses S1AP protocol


MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication,
tracking area updates)
S1-U
User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

EUTRAN and EPC - S1 Flex

S-GW
eNB 1
P-GW

MME

eNB 2

S-GW
eNB 1 Single S1-MME and Single S1-U

MME

eNB 2 Single S1-MME and Multiple S1-US1Flex-U


eNB 3 Multiple S1-MMES1Flex MME and Single S1-U

eNB 3

eNB 4 (Not shown in picture)


S1 MME
S1 U

Multiple S1-MMES1Flex MME and Multiple S1-US1Flex-U

LTE Interfaces
S5/S8
This is the interface between the S-GW and P-GW
S8 is used when roaming between different operators while S5 is network internal
S5/S8 is a many-to-many interface
S6a
It enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/ authorizing user access to the
evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS
S7
It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) to Policy and
Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW
S10
Interface between MME and other MME
Reference point between MMEs for MME relocation (e.g handover) and MME to MME information transfer

LTE Interfaces
S11
Reference point between MME and SGW
SGi

It is the reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network
S3
It is the interface between SGSN and MME
Enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state
based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs
S4
It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between SGSN and the SGW
Based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN

UE Categories
All categories support 20 MHz

64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink(except Class 5)


2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5

Peak rate DL/UL

10/5 Mbps

50/25 Mbps

100/50 Mbps

150/50 Mbps

300/75 Mbps

RF bandwidth

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

Modulation DL

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

Modulation UL

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

Rx diversity

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

BTS tx diversity

1-4 tx

1-4 tx

1-4 tx

1-4 tx

1-4 tx

MIMO DL

Optional

2x2

2x2

2x2

4x4

HAPPY LEARNING
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
www.mcpsinc.com

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