Gantt chart

Gantt redirects here. For other uses, see Gantt (disam- creation of complex and elaborate Gantt charts. The rst
biguation).
desktop applications were intended mainly for project
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, devised by Henry managers and project schedulers. With the advent of the
Internet and increased collaboration over networks at the
WEEKS: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21 22 23
end of the 1990s, Gantt charts became a common fea57% complete
WBS 1 Summary Element 1
ture of web-based applications, including collaborative
groupware.
75% complete
WBS 1.1 Activity A
WBS 1.2 Activity B
WBS 1.3 Activity C

START-TO-START

67% complete

FINISH-TO-START
50% complete
FINISH-TO-FINISH

WBS 1.4 Activity D

2 Example

0% complete

WBS 2 Summary Element 2

0% complete

In the following table there are seven tasks, labeled A

through G. Some tasks can be done concurrently (A and
B) while others cannot be done until their predecessor
0% complete
WBS 2.3 Activity G
TODAY
task is complete (C and D cannot begin until A is complete). Additionally, each task has three time estimates:
A Gantt chart showing three kinds of schedule dependencies (in the optimistic time estimate (O), the most likely or norred) and percent complete indications.
mal time estimate (M), and the pessimistic time estimate
(P). The expected time (TE) is estimated using the beta
Gantt in the 1910s, that illustrates a project schedule. probability distribution for the time estimates, using the
Gantt charts illustrate the start and nish dates of the formula (O + 4M + P) 6.
terminal elements and summary elements of a project.
Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the Once this step is complete, one can draw a Gantt chart or
work breakdown structure of the project. Modern Gantt a network diagram.
charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities. Gantt charts can
be used to show current schedule status using percentcomplete shadings and a vertical TODAY line as shown
here.
WBS 2.1 Activity E
WBS 2.2 Activity F

0% complete

0% complete

Although now regarded as a common charting technique,

Gantt charts were considered revolutionary when rst
introduced.[1] This chart is also used in information technology to represent data that has been collected.

A Gantt chart created using Microsoft Project (MSP). Note (1) the
critical path is in red, (2) the slack is the black lines connected
to non-critical activities, (3) since Saturday and Sunday are not
work days and are thus excluded from the schedule, some bars
on the Gantt chart are longer if they cut through a weekend.

Historical development
3 Further applications

The rst known tool of this type was developed in 1896

by Karol Adamiecki, who called it a harmonogram.[2]
Adamiecki did not publish his chart until 1931, however,
and only in Polish, which limited both its adoption and
recognition of his authorship. The chart is named after Henry Gantt (18611919), who designed his chart
around the years 19101915.[3][4]

Gantt charts can be used for scheduling generic resources

as well as for their use in project management. They
can also be used for scheduling production processes and
employee rostering.[6] In the latter context, they may also
be known as timebar schedules. Gantt charts can be used
to track shifts or tasks and also vacations or other types
One of the rst major applications of Gantt charts was by of out-of-oce time.[7] Specialized employee scheduling
the United States during World War I, at the instigation software may output schedules as a Gantt chart, or they
of General William Crozier.[5]
may be created through popular desktop publishing softIn the 1980s, personal computers allowed for widespread ware.
1

See also
Critical path method
Float (project management)
Henry Gantt
List of project management software, which includes specic Gantt Chart software.
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

References

[1] Wilson, James M. (1 September 2003). Gantt charts:

A centenary appreciation (PDF). European Journal
of Operational Research 149 (2). doi:10.1016/S03772217(02)00769-5. Retrieved 2013-07-28.
[2] The Harmonogram of Karol Adamiecki Tags:
ADAMIECKI, Karol ORGANIZATION charts. Connection.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
[3] H.L. Gantt, Work, Wages and Prot, published by the
Engineering Magazine, New York, 1910; republished as
Work, Wages and Prots, Easton, Pennsylvania, Hive
Publishing Company, 1974, ISBN 0-87960-048-9.
[4] Peter W. G. Morris, The Management of Projects, Thomas
Telford, 1994, ISBN 0-7277-2593-9, Google Print, p.18
[5] Wallace Clark and Henry Gantt (1922) The Gantt chart,
a working tool of management. New York, Ronald Press.
[6] Triant G. Flouris; Dennis Lock (2009). Managing Aviation Projects from Concept to Completion. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 207. ISBN 978-0-7546-7615-7.
[7] Availability Planning. CEITON. Retrieved 2014-0604.

External links
Long-running discussion regarding limitations of
the Gantt chart format, and alternatives, on Edward
Tufte's website

EXTERNAL LINKS

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

7.1

Text

Gantt chart Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart?oldid=729775927 Contributors: SimonP, Heron, Hephaestos, Ubiquity,

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7.2

Images

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File:GanttChartAnatomy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/GanttChartAnatomy.svg License: Public
domain Contributors:
GanttChartAnatomy.png Original artist: GanttChartAnatomy.png: Original uploader was Garrybooker at en.wikipedia
File:Pert_example_gantt_chart.gif Source:
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/Pert_example_gantt_chart.gif License:

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created by Smurrayinchester

7.3

Content license

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