KATHIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

AE 6701 AVIONICS - ANSWER KEY
PART-A
1. Explain briefly Flight management system.

An FMS is a specialized computer system that

automates a wide variety of in-flight tasks, reducing the workload on the flight crew to the point that
modern civilian aircraft no longer carry flight engineers or navigators Combination of Aviation and
Electronics.
2. Explain FBW control system.
Fly-by-wire (FBW) is a system that replaces the conventional manual flight controls of an
aircraft with an electronic interface
3. Explain Radar systems.
Radar is an object detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity
of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather
formations, and terrain.
4. Explain briefly radio navigation.
Radio navigation provides the pilot with position information from ground stations located
worldwide. There are several systems offering various levels of capability with features such as course
correction information, automatic direction finder and distance measuring.

5. Describe briefly inertial navigation.

An inertial navigation system (INS) is a navigation aid that uses a computer, motion sensors
(accelerometers) and rotation sensors (gyroscopes) to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the
position, orientation, and velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the
need for external references.

6. What do you know about Liquid Crystal Display?

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronic visual display that uses the lightmodulating properties of liquid crystals.
7. What are the factors to be considered while designing HMD?
Weight
Poor Aerodynamics.
8. Explain the working of HUD.
A Head-Up Display projects the display image onto a partially transparent screen called a combiner
that reflects the display to the viewer while allowing the viewer to see through to the outside world.
9. How multifunction keyboards can be designed using LEDs?

Multifunction keyboards can be implemented in several ways. The first two ways use LEDs
or LCDs in panels in a central location. Designs using LEDs have arrays (typically ranging from
five rows of three switches to seven rows of five switches) of standard sized push button switches
with legends built into the surface of the switches.

PART-B
10. (a) Explain the major ILITIES of Avionics system
Major Ilities of Avionics System
Capability
Reliability
Maintainability
Certificability
Survivability(military)
Availability
Susceptibility
vulnerability
Life cycle cost(military) or cost of ownership(civil)
Technical risk
Weight & power
(or)
(b) Explain in detail about the Avionics system design.
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
11. (a) (i) Helmet mounted display

HMD

High brightness

Excellent Resolution

Lightweight

Small size Monochrome

(ii) Cathode Ray Tubes

Main parts of the cathode ray tube are cathode, control grid, deflecting plates and screen
(OR)
(b) (i) Explain Touch screens with a neat diagram.
a) In the infrared scan, an infrared beam is scanned parallel to the surface of the display. When the operators
finger interrupts the beam, its position can be determined and passed to the computer.
b) With the resistive overlay a glass substrate is installed over the screen. Touching the substrate alters its
resistance in such a way that the point of contact can be determined.
c) The capacitive overlay is similar except that the capacitance is altered by contact.
(ii) Explain HOTAS
HOTAS, an abbreviation for Hands On Throttle-And-Stick, is the name given to the concept of
placing buttons and switches on the throttle stick and flight control stick in an aircraft's cockpit, allowing the
pilot to access vital cockpit functions and fly the aircraft without having to remove his hands from the
throttle and flight controls. Having all switches on the stick and throttle allows the pilot to keep his "hands on
throttle-and-stick", thus allowing him to remain focused on more important duties than looking for controls
in the cockpit.