ORIGNAL DESIGN OF BEAM

DESIGN OF BEAM B3 :Assume dimension of beam = 230 x 450mm

Moments obtained from analysis of frame :
Max +ve BM

=8.05 knm

Max -ve BM

= 7.03 knm

Max -ve BM

= 13.15 knm

Max shear force

= 20.176 knm

Factored BM & SF :Max +ve BM

=8.05 x 1.5 = 12.075

knm

Max -ve BM

= 7.03 x 1.5 = 10.545

knm

Max -ve BM

= 13.15 x 1.5 = 19.725 knm

Max shear force

= 20.176 x 1.5 = 30.264 knm

Determination of effective depth of beam :From IScode 456-2000:

Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

19.725 x 106 = 2.75 x b x d2

d = 205mm
overall depth = 205+25+6 =236mm
let us provide 450mm

x u max
)
d

)x b x d2 x fck

effective depth d = 450-25-6 =413mm

Calculation of reinforment :Ast required
Ast required :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x

(1

Astf y
)
bdf ck

19.725 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 450 x (1 (Ast x 415)/(230 x 450 x 20) )
19.725 x 106 = 162472.5 Ast 32.57 Ast2
Ast = 124.5mm2
But min area of steel from code IS 456-2000
Astmin = (0.85 x b d)/415
=(0.85 x 230 x 419)/415
=197mm2
Hence provide 12mm

at 197mm2

ast
Check no bar =

122
4

= 1.7

Hence provide 2 no of bar of 12mm

Area of steel provided = 2 x

x 122 = 226mm2

Maximum area of steel for beam by the code

= 0.04 x b x D = 0.04 x 230 x 450 = 4140mm2

Hence Ast provide is less Ast max
Hence safe
Percentage of steel =
226
100
230450

Ast
100
bd

=0.21%

Design the T beam

Since the ve B.M is numerically greater then +ve B.M
We design the beam as rectangular section and check it at mid span as a Tbeam at mid span, the action is like T-beam.
Md = moment at mid span = 12.075knm
Effe width of flange for T-beam section from the code IS 456-2000(pg-37)
bf = l0/6 + bw + 6df
bf = 2730/6 + 230 + 6x120
bf = 1405mm
df /d = 120/417 = 0.288 > 2
MOMENT OF RESISTENCE :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)
Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

yf = (0.15 x 0.48 + 0.65 x df /d) x d

yf = 108.8mm

substitute

Mu lim = 3.689 x 108 n mm

x u max
)
d

)x b x d2 + fck (bf - bw)yf (d- yf/2)

Mu < Mu lim
Hence the section is under reinforcement and natural axis lie with the flange
only.
Hence beam can treated as rectangular section.
Check for shear:Max shear force by the frame = 20.176 kn
Vu = factored force = 1.5 x 20.17 = 30.22 kn
Nominal shear stress
Jv

vu
bd eff

30.22103
230417

Percentage of steel =

= 0.316 n/mm2

Ast
100
bd

402
100
230450

Shear

strength of concrete:- (from IS code 456-2000) Table-19, pg-73

=0.42% By M20

= 0.44 n/mm2
J

For M20 concrete

Hence

Jv

<

c max

= 2.8 n/mm2

Hence it is safe .

Minimum shear reinforcement in form stirrups

From code IS 456-2000(pg-48)
Asv/bsv >0.4/0.87fy
Assume 2-legg 6mm size stirrups
Asv = 2x

x 62 = 56.5mm2

56.5/230xsv = 0.4/0.87 x 250

Fy = 250
Sv = 133.5 let say 135mm
Strength of stirrups in shear
=0.87 x fy x asv x d/sv
=37.9 kn which is greater than 30.22 kn
Hence provide min reinforcement shear

Check for deflection:Reinforcement provided in mid span = 402mm2

%p = 0.42
modification factor:- (from IS code 456-2000)pg-38
fs = 0.58 x 415 x

197 req
226 pro

= 209 and % = 0.42

hence modification factor got

l
=
Actual l/d ratio = d eff

3.91000
417

= 1.25
= 9.35

Allowable l/d ratio by code = 26 x 1.25mf = 32.25

Hence actual l/d < allowable l/d
Hence safe.

Design of beam (last) :Assume dimension of beam = 230 x 450mm

Moments obtained from analysis of frame :
Max +ve BM

=32.77 knm

Max -ve BM

= 51.5 knm

Max shear force

= 57.6 knm

Factored BM & SF :Max +ve BM

=32.77 x 1.5 = 49.15

knm

Max -ve BM

= 51.5 x 1.5 = 77.25

knm

Max shear force

= 57.6 x 1.5 = 86.49 knm

Determination of effective depth of beam :-

From IScode 456-2000:

Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

x u max
)
d

77.25 x 106 = 2.75 x b x d2

d = 402.8mm
overall depth = 403mm
let us provide D = 450mm
effective depth d = 450-25-6 =417mm
Calculation of reinforment :Ast required
Ast required :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)
Xu =

0.87fyAst
0.36fckbd

Ast =

0.480.3620230417
0.87415

Ast = 918mm2
But min area of steel from code IS 456-2000
Astmin = (0.85 x b d)/415
=(0.85 x 230 x 417)/415
=196mm2
Hence provide 12mm

at 196mm2

)x b x d2 x fck

Maximum area of steel for beam by the code 4%

= 0.04 x b x D = 0.04 x 230 x 450 = 4140mm2
Provide ast = 804mm2
Hence Ast provide is less Ast max
Hence safe
Design the T beam
Since the ve B.M is numerically greater then +ve B.M
We design the beam as rectangular section and check it at mid span as a Tbeam at mid span, the action is like T-beam.
Md = moment at mid span = 12.075knm
Effe width of flange for T-beam section from the code IS 456-2000(pg-37)
bf = l0/6 + bw + 6df
bf = 4095/6 + 230 + 6x120
bf = 1632mm
df /d = 120/417 = 0.288 > 2
MOMENT OF RESISTENCE :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)
Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

yf = (0.15 x 0.48 + 0.65 x df /d) x d

yf = 75.9mm

substitute

Mu lim = 3.576 x 108 n mm

Mu < Mu lim

x u max
)
d

)x b x d2 + fck (bf - bw)yf (d- yf/2)

Assume lever aram = d- df/2 = 357

Check neutral axis = 49.15 x 106/0.87 x 415 x 357 =381mm2
Calculation of reinforment :Ast required
Ast required :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x

(1

Astf y
)
bdf ck

49.15 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 417 x (1 (Ast x 415)/(230 x 417 x 20) )
49.15 x 106 = 150195 Ast 32.49 Ast2
Ast = 354mm2
Max reinforcement 4%
P = 0.4 x 230 x 450 = 4140mm2
Provide 385mm2
%of steel = 100 x 385/230 x 450 = 0.37%

Check no bar =

385

122
4

=3

Hence provide 3 no of bar of 12mm

Area of steel provided = 3 x

x 122 = 339mm2

% of steel provide = 339/230 x 417 = 0.35%

Check for shear:-

Max shear force by the frame = 57.66 kn

Vu = factored force = 1.5 x 57.66 = 86.49 kn
Nominal shear stress
Jv

vu
bd eff

86.49103
230417

Percentage of steel =

603
100
230450

= 0.93 n/mm2

Ast
100
bd

=0.35% By M20

Shear strength of concrete:- (from IS code 456-2000) Table-19, pg-73

J

= 0.37 n/mm2
J

For M20 concrete

Hence

Jv

<

c max

= 2.8 n/mm2

Hence it is safe .

Minimum shear reinforcement in form stirrups

From code IS 456-2000(pg-48)
Vuc = J

x b x d = 0.37 x230 x417

= 35 kn
Shear to be taken by tirrups
Vv vuc = 86.46 x 103 35 x 103
Vus = 51.49 kn
Adop 2-legg 8mm size stirrups

Asv = 3x

x 82 = 84mm2

spacing of stirrups in shear by the code (pg-48)

=0.87 x fy x asv x d/vus
X = 0.87 x 415 x 84x 417/51.49 x 1000 =245.6mm
Should not be greater then 0.7 x d
= 0.75 x 417 = 312.7
Check for deflection:Reinforcement provided in mid span = 402mm2
%p = 0.42
modification factor:- (from IS code 456-2000)pg-38
fs = 0.58 x 415 x

196 req
339 pro

= 139

hence modification factor got

l
=
Actual l/d ratio = d eff

=2

5.85
0.417

Allowable l/d ratio by code = 26 x 2mf = 42

Hence actual l/d < allowable l/d
Hence safe.

DESIGN OF BEAM (frame 5.36) :Assume dimension of beam = 230 x 450mm

= 14

Moments obtained from analysis of frame :

Max +ve BM

=32.08 knm

Max -ve BM

= 46.62 knm

Max -ve BM

= 23.88 knm

Max shear force

= 54.25 knm

Factored BM & SF :Max +ve BM

=32.08 x 1.5 = 48.12

knm

Max -ve BM

= 46.62 x 1.5 = 69.93

knm

Max -ve BM

= 23.88 x 1.5 = 35.82 knm

Max shear force

= 54.25 x 1.5 = 81.37 knm

Determination of effective depth of beam :From IScode 456-2000:

Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

69.93 x 106 = 2.75 x b x d2

d = 383.25mm
let us provide 450mm
effective depth d = 450-25-8 =417mm

Calculation of reinforment :-

x u max
)
d

)x b x d2 x fck

Ast required
Ast required :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x

(1

Astf y
)
bdf ck

69.93 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 417 x (1 (Ast x 415)/(230 x 417 x 20) )
19.725 x 106 = 15055 Ast 9.98 Ast2
Ast = 479.72mm2
But min area of steel from code IS 456-2000
ast
Check no bar =

122
4

= 4.24

Hence provide 4 no of bar of 12mm

Area of steel provided = 4 x

x 122 = 452mm2

Maximum area of steel for beam by the code

= 0.04 x b x D = 0.04 x 230 x 450 = 4140mm2
Hence Ast provide is less Ast max
Hence safe
Percentage of steel =
452
100
230417

Ast
100
bd

=0.47%

Design the T beam

Since the ve B.M is numerically greater then +ve B.M
We design the beam as rectangular section and check it at mid span as a Tbeam at mid span, the action is like T-beam.
Md = moment at mid span = 48.12knm
Effe width of flange for T-beam section from the code IS 456-2000(pg-37)
bf = l0/6 + bw + 6df
bf = 0.7x5360/6 + 230 + 6x120
bf = 1575mm
df /d = 120/417 = 0.288 > 2
MOMENT OF RESISTENCE :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)
Mu lim = 0.36 x

x u max
)
d

x (1 0.42 x

x u max
)
d

)x b x d2 + fck (bf - bw)yf (d- yf/2)

yf = (0.15 x 0.48 + 0.65 x df /d) x d

yf = 108.8mm

substitute

Mu lim = 5.21 x 108 n mm> 48.12 x 106

Mu < Mu lim
Hence the section is under reinforcement and natural axis lie with the flange
only.
Hence beam can treated as rectangular section.
Ast required :- (from IS code 456-2000, pg-96)

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x

(1

Astf y
)
bdf ck

48.12 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 450 x (1 (Ast x 415)/(230 x 450 x 20) )
48.12 x 106 = 162472.5 Ast 32.57 Ast2
Ast = 326.68mm2
ast

122
4

Check no bar =

= 2.8

Hence provide 3 no of bar of 12mm

Area of steel provided = 3 x

x 122 = 339mm2

% of steel provide = 339 x 100/230 x 417 = 0.35%

Check for shear:Max shear force by the frame = 81.37 kn
Nominal shear stress
Jv

vu
bd eff

81.3710
230417

= 0.84 n/mm2

% of steel provide = 339 x 100/230 x 417 = 0.35%

shear strength of concrete:- (from IS code 456-2000) Table-19, pg-73
J

= 0.40 n/mm2
J

For M20 concrete

Hence

Jv

<

c max

= 2.8 n/mm2

Hence it is safe .

Minimum shear reinforcement in form stirrups

From code IS 456-2000(pg-48)
= 0.40 x 230 x 417 = 38.36 kn
Shear to be taken by stirrups
Vus = 81.37 x 103- 38.36 x103 = 43 kn
Assume 2-legg 6mm size stirrups
Asv = 2x

x 62 = 56.5mm2

Strength of stirrups in shear

X = 0.87 x 250 x 56.55 x 417/43 x 103
X =119.5
By the code should not be greater then = 0.7 x d 312.75mm
Min area of shear reinforement
A = 0.4 x 230 x 119.5/250
Satisfied by 6mm-2legg250 bar 119.5
Say 120mm c/c
Hence provide min reinforcement shear
Check for deflection:Reinforcement provided in mid span = 339mm2
%p = 0.35
modification factor:- (from IS code 456-2000)pg-38

fs = 0.58 x 415 x

326.68 req
339 pro

= 232 and % = 0.35

hence modification factor got

l
=
Actual l/d ratio = d eff

5360
417

= 1.3
= 12.85

Allowable l/d ratio by code = 26 x 1.3mf = 33.8

Hence actual l/d < allowable l/d
Hence safe.
.