Summary :

Tow containers , first container contain ethyl acetate and the

second container contain NaOH . controlled by flow meter , this
two material are mixed in vessel with stirrer (CSTR reactor) . the
reactor or the vessel connect with heater to increase and control
the temperature of reaction . and we have PH meter to measure
the PH of solution .
Firstly we record the PH of solution after reach steady state at T=
300C with different flow rate (20 ,50 ,100) ml/min , then repeat
this process to another different temperature 400C and 500C .
The object of this experiment is to learn the effect of flow rate and
temperature on the concentration .
To define the order of reaction and the value of constant K .

Result and discussion

Figure 1A: relation between rate of reaction and Concentration

at T= 30C
7
6
5
4
Ln Ra (mol/dm3.min)

3
2
1
0
27.38

27.4

27.42

27.44

27.46

27.48

27.5

Ln Ca (mol/dm3)

(note that the values of (Ln Ca ) and (Ln Ra) are multiply by -1)

Above figure shown is the relation between rate of reaction and

concentration of solution (ethyl acetate).
According to mole balance of CSTR
V=

(C A C A )
r A

(1)

Where :
V: is the reactor volume in L .
CA0 : is the initial concentration of A which is equal 0.1 mol/dm3 in our
experiment .
: is the volumetric flow rate in mL/min.
-rA : is the rate of reaction .
When rearrange this equation to calculate (rA )
r A=( C AC A )

. (2)
V

Then we calculate the rate of reaction using equation (2) for different flow
rate as shown in table 1a .
Then using this equation :
ln (r A ) =lnk+ n lnC A ( 3 )
And plot ln(-rA) versus (ln CA) ,then will be define the order of reaction by the
slop, and the value of constant( k )which is the intercept .
From figure(1) we note that increasing in concentration increasing the rate of
reaction .
The other figure we will be mention in appendix A.
Now by using Arrhenius equation :
E

k =k e RT ..(4)
Where :
A: is Arrhenius constant .
Ea : activation energy in (J)
atm . L
R: ideal gas constant in ( mol . K ) .
T: temperature in Kelvin
Figure 1B : relation between ln (k) versus (1/T)
7
6.8
lnk*-1

6.6
6.4
6.2
0

Temprature 1/T (k-1)

(note: value of ln(k) multiplying by -1)

From figure 1B, we found k0= 3.027*10-3 , and when increasing in

temperature the value of constant k is increasing that means constant k is a
function of temperature . the order of reaction from figure 1A is first order
.and when the temperature increase also the rate will be increase but in our
experiment the changes is insignificant .

Conclusion:
In conclusion we note that the concentration decrease in increasing
temperature , but the rate will be increase ,the rate of reaction is a function
of concentration and temperature f ( Conc , Tem ) . Also the concentration is
increasing with increasing the flow rate.

Recommendation:
The result is cannot take us a good impression about what it is happen
actually when changing temperature or concentration.

Reference :
1-

Scott Fogler . Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering .Michigan

university 5thedition .
.

2- Khalil Halholi. chemical processing laboratory.Irbid.JUST.2011/2012

Appendix A : ( raw data and figures ):

All data are taken with 0.1M of NaOH and 0.1M ethyl acetate
Table 1A:
T= 300C

CH3COOHC
2H5
(ml/min)

NaOH
(ml/min)

Conducti
vity

Conc
(mol/L)

rate of
rxn
(mol/L.m
in)

20

20

11.9

1.25893
E-12

0.002

50

50

11.92

1.20226
E-12

0.005

100

100

11.94

1.14815
E-12

0.01

ln Ca
(mol/L
)
27.40
08
27.44
68
27.49
29

Ln ra
(mol/L.m
in)
6.21461
5.29832
4.60517

Table2A
T = 400C

Ethyl
(ml/min)

NaOH(ml/
min)
20

20

Conc
(mol/L)

PH

Rate of
rxn
(mol/L.m
in)

11.63

2.34E12

0.002
0.005
0.01

50

50

11.64

2.29E12

100

100

11.66

2.19E12

Ln Ca
(mol/L
)
26.77
91
26.80
21
26.84
81

Ln Ra
(mol/L.m
in)
-6.21461
-5.29832
-4.60517

Table 3A
T= 500C

Ethyl
(ml/min)

NaOH
(ml/min)

Conc
(mol/L)

PH

Rate of
rxn
(mol/L.mi
n)

20

20

11.35

4.47E12

0.002

50

50

11.37

4.27E12

0.005

11.38

4.17E12

0.01

100

100

ln Ca
(mol/L
)
26.13
43
26.18
04
26.20
34

Table4A
T ( 0C)

ln k

30
40
50

Figure 1A:

k
T(K)
1/T
0.00111
-6.8
4
303
0.0033
0.00319
-6.6 0.00136
313
5
0.00166
0.00309
-6.4
2
323
6

ln k
-6.8
-6.6
-6.4

ln Ra
(mol/L.mi
n)
-6.21461
-5.29832
-4.60517

7
6
5
4
Ln Ra (mol/dm3.min)

3
2
1
0
27.38

27.4

27.42

27.44

27.46

Ln Ca (mol/dm3)

Figure 2A:

27.48

27.5

7
6
5
4
Ln Ra (mol/dm3.min)

3
2
1
0
26.77 26.78 26.79 26.8 26.81 26.82 26.83 26.84 26.85 26.86
Ln Ca (mole/dm3)

Figure 3A
7
6
5
4
Ln Ra (mol/dm3.min)

3
2
1
0
26.13 26.14 26.15 26.16 26.17 26.18 26.19
Ln Ca (mol/m3)

Figure 4A
10

26.2

26.21

6.9
6.8
6.7
6.6
lnk*-1

6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
0

Temprature 1/T (k)

(note : all values of ln(k) multiply to -1 )

Appendix B : (sample calculation )

11

1- [Concentration ]= 10-PH
PH = 11.9 then [concentration]= 10-11.9=1.26E-12 mol/L
2- Rate of reaction :(use equation 2)

r A=( C A C A )

CA0=0.1M , CA = 1.26E-12 , V=1L , volumetric flow rate = 20*103

L/min
mol
L
20103
L
min
mol
r A=( 0.11.26E-12 )
=0.002
1L
L . min

12