Important questions

UNIT-I
1.(a) What is the difference between the communication of data and communication of
information?

(b) What is the difference between electrical noise and thermal noise? For an electronic
device operating at 170C with a bandwidth of 10 kHz. Determine the thermal noise power in
watts and dBm.
2. (a) Compare peer-to-peer client/server network and dedicated client/server network.
(b) What is a signal-to-noise power ratio? For a Circuit with a signal power of 100 W and
a ' noise power of 0.002 mW. Determine the signal-to-noise power ratio in absolute and dB
values.
Sol:
Signal-to-noise power ratio can be defined as the ratio of the signal power level to the thermal
noise power level. Typically, it is denoted as,

3. (a) What is an open system? Explain in detail about open systems interconnection.
(b) Explain in detail about quadrature amplitude modulation and Trellis code modulation.
4.(a)what is meant by a layered protocol? Why are protocol layered? Explain.
(b) What is meant by M-ary encoding? Explain higher-than-binary encoding with an example.

UNIT-II
1. (a)What is a transverse electromagnetic wave? Explain with a neat diagram.
(b)What is an optical fiber mode? Explain the three practical types of optical fiber modes.
2.(a) What is a transmission line? Compare balanced and unbalanced transmission lines.
(b) What is an optical communication system? Explain an optical fiber communication
system with a neat block diagram.
3.(a) What is a plenum cable? Compare cables plenum and non-plenum cables.
(b) What is a laser? Explain in detail, the four types of lasers.

4. (a) What is a metallic transmission line?

(b) State Snell's law for refraction and outline its significance for optical fiber cables.
UNIT-III
1. (a) What do you understand by companding? Compare anaiog companding
and digital companding.

(b) A PCM-TDM system multiplexes 24 voice-band channels. Each Sample is encoded into
7 -bits, and a framing bit is added to each frame. This sampling rate is 9000 samples per
second. Determine the line speed in bps.

2.(a) What is the relationship between dynamic range and the number of bits in a PCM code?
For a PCM system with the minimum dynamic range: 46dB, determine minimum number of
bits used in the PCM code.

Sol:
Given that,
For a PCM system,
The minimum dynamic range=46dB
The expression for the dynamic range (dR) in dB is given by
(dR) in dB 6n
Where, n is the number of bits used in PCM code.
46 dB= 6
n =46/6=8 bits
The minimum number of bits used in the PCM code is 8.
3. (a) What do you understand by signal voltage-to-quantization noise .voltage ratio? Give its
relationship to resolution, dynamic range, and the maximum number of bits in a pulse code
modulation (PCM).
(b) Compare wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and dense wave length division
multiplexing (DWDM), and also list the advantages and disadvantages of WDM.
4. (a) What is Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) line speed? For single-channel PCM system
with a sample rate, f =6000 sample per second and a 7-bit compressed PCM code,
determine the line speed.

(b) What is a T carrier system? What is a fractional T carrier? Describe In detail the
various T carrier systems.
UNIT-IV
1.(a) What is a radio wave? What are the optical properties of radio waves? Explain all the
details of how they relate to radio wave propagation.
(b) What is 'meant by a free space path loss of an electromagnetic wave? Give the
mathematical equation in decibel form. Determine in dB the free space, path loss for
a frequency of 6 GHz travelling a distance of 50 km.

2. What are three modes of terrestrial propagation of electromagnetic waves? Explain.

3. What Is a satellite multiple accessing arrangement? List and describe, in detail with 'neat diagrams,
the three forms of satellite multiple accessing arrangements.