ClintonValerio

ProfessorHuntington
Communications1010
Summer2016

Informative Speech Outline

Specific Goal: My audience will learn what Type 2 diabetes is, the precursors, and signs and
symptoms of the disease. By the end of the presentation they will have a better understanding of
the disease and how it can be prevented.
Application: Everyone is at risk for getting Type 2 diabetes. By learning what diabetes is, signs
and symptoms, and prevention people will have a better understanding of diabetes and lower
their risk of getting the disease.
Ethos: Primary My grandmother has had and managed her diabetes for over 70 years, I also
just took a course in food and nutrition that really interested me in the disease.
Secondary Ethos: I will cite 3 sources out loud in my presentation.
Pathos: Talking about my grandmother and story about having dinner at her house when I was
younger and first learned about diabetes with tap into the audiences emotion on the subject.
Logos: I will use statistics, data, and research to teach the audience about diabetes. This appeal
to logos will cover what the disease is, signs and symptoms, and prevention.
Audience Assessment: The audience may know a little bit about diabetes. But they may not
know what how blood glucose and insulin work in the body to maintain a balanced state, the
signs and symptoms are or what to things to do to help lower your risk of the disease.
Adaptation to Audience: I will first explain what Type 2 diabetes is. I will give a little
background on the disease like who is most at risk, the statistics of people in America that have
the disease, etc. What the effect of high glucose does and what insulin is and how it lowers blood
glucose levels. I will then give the audience signs and symptoms of the disease; these are some
things to look out for that are common with diabetes. I will then explain ways that a person can
help lower the risk of getting the disease.
Pattern of Organization: The organizational pattern for my presentation will be topical. I will
go from one topic to the next, giving information to the audience that will coincide with the next
slide.
Introduction
I.

Hook: My first experience in dealing with diabetes was when I was a child and
would spend the night at my grandparents house. I noticed at an early age that
every time we sat down to eat, my grandmother would pull out this strange
looking device. She would prick her finger, squeeze her fingertip to get a drop of

ClintonValerio
ProfessorHuntington
Communications1010
Summer2016
blood, and then put the blood on this white tab. She would then put the tab into
the egg-shaped device, then sit and wait, just staring at it until it emitted a little
beep. She would smile, wipe her fingertip on her napkin, and then she would start
eating. It took me a few years to get enough courage to ask her what she was
doing, but one night I decided I was going to ask. Like the many meals that we
had had before, she took out her device, pricked her finger, and waited. I finally
asked why she had that thing and what she was doing. She told me that she had
diabetes and the device was checking the sugar in her blood to let her know how
much she could eat. Being a child, I have never heard of diabetes before, and it
was not until I grew older that I had a better understanding of what diabetes is,
and how people learn to manage it.
II.

Thesis: By learning about what diabetes is, the signs and symptoms, and
prevention, you will have a better understanding on how to lower your risk of
getting the disease.
A. What is diabetes?
B. The signs and symptoms
D. Prevention of the disease

Transition: Now that I have given you a preview of what this presentation is about, lets
start by defining what diabetes is.
Body
III.

What is Type 2 diabetes?

a. The body turns the food we eat into glucose and glucose is what cells use as
energy; when the body has too much sugar in the blood, the pancreas secretes
insulin into the blood stream to lower your blood sugar levels.
b. The Mayo Clinic states that type 2 diabetes is caused by the bodys cells
becoming resistant to the action of insulin secreted by the pancreas. (Diabetes
Causes, 2014)
c. The pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to counteract the resistance.
d. This in turns causes glucose to build up in the blood stream. (Diabetes Causes,
2014).
e. This type of diabetes occurs normally after the age of 30 and is thought that
being overweight is the main contributor to this type of the disease. (Wardlaw,
Smith, Collene. 148)
f. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for more
than 90 percent of cases of diabetes in the United States. (Wardlaw, Smith,
Collene. 148)
Transition: So now that we have learned a little bit about what diabetes is, what
are the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

IV.

Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

ClintonValerio
ProfessorHuntington
Communications1010
Summer2016
a. The Mayo Clinic reports that these are some of the signs and symptoms to
watch out for.
1. Increased thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Extreme hunger
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Presence of ketones
6. Blurred vision
(Diabetes Symptoms, 2014)
b. The American Diabetes Association has also listed some screening guidelines
for people that are at risk for diabetes
1. Anyone with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25, regardless of
age who also has additional risk factors of: high blood pressure,
inactive lifestyle, high cholesterol levels, or close relative with
diabetes.
2. Anyone older than 45 years of age that has additional risk factors
mentioned above.
(Tests and Diagnosis, 2014)
Transition: So what can we do to lower our risk of getting the disease or even
prevent it from happening to us?
V.

Prevention
a. The main ways to prevent type 2 diabetes is to lose weight and increase
physical activity.
b. Knowing and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.
c. The Mayo Clinic gives some great recommendations on how to manage type 2
diabetes. These recommendations include:
1. Eat healthier foods - Eat foods that are low in fat and calories and
high in fiber.
2. Be more active People should aim for a moderate activity level of
30 minutes a day.
3. Lose excess weight
(Prevention, 2014)
d. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health gives their recommendations on
how to prevent type 2 diabetes. There are:
1. Control Weight Being over weight increases the chances of
developing type 2 diabetes, and by losing seven percent to ten
percent of you current body weight can cut your chances of
developing the disease by half.
2. Exercising working muscles more often improves the ability for
them to use insulin and absorb glucose. This puts less stress on your
insulin-making cells.

ClintonValerio
ProfessorHuntington
Communications1010
Summer2016
3. Turning off the TV For every two hours a person spends watching
TV, the chances of developing diabetes goes up by 20 percent.
(Simple Steps in Preventing Diabetes, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health)
Conclusion
A. Again, diabetes accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes cases in the United
States.
B. By learning what diabetes is, the signs and symptoms, and prevention, you will
have a better understanding on how to lower your risk of getting the disease.
VI.

I hope that this presentation provided you with some good information about
diabetes as a disease. My suggestion to you is to take a look at your lifestyle and
see if you are maintaining a healthy and well-balanced life.
References:

"Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes." The Nutrition Source. Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, n.d. Web. 28 July 2016.
Diabetes. (2014, July 31). Retrieved July 28, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/diabetes/basics/prevention/con-20033091
Diabetes. (2014, July 31). Retrieved July 29, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/diabetes/basics/causes/con-20033091
Diabetes. (2014, July 31). Retrieved July 30, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/diabetes/basics/symptoms/con-20033091?reDate=30072016
Diabetes. (2014, July 31). Retrieved July 30, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091?
reDate=30072016
Wardlaw, Gordon M., Ph.D., Anne M. Smith, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., and Angela L. Collene, M.S.,
R.D., L.D. HLTH 1020: Foundations of Nutrition. Fourth ed. N.p.:
McGraw-Hill
Education, 2015. Print.