GRADUATEPROGRAMMEINOPERATIONALRESEARCH

EXAMINATIONSCONDUCTEDBYTHE
OPERATIONALRESEARCHSOCIETYOFINDIA
GeneralInformation
TheConceptofO.R.
TheapplicationofOperationalResearchTechniqueofcomplexproblemsofanorganization
involvestakingintoaccountthetotalsystemwhichinfluencesthedecisionmakingprocess.
The Operational Research not only considers all the factors in the environment and their
interrelationships,buttriestopresenttheseinaquantifiedformsothattheimplicationsofthe
changeinanyofthefactorscanbeeasilyassessed.OperationalResearchisanintegralpartof
themultidisciplinaryareaofManagementPhilosophy.
TheoriginofOperationalResearchmaybetracedtothevariousscientificstudiesonmilitary
operationsandlogisticproblemswhichwereundertakenbyteamsofscientistsandspecialists
inU.K.andU.S.A.duringtheSecondWorldWar.Itwasonlyafterthewarthatthistypeof
activitywasextendedbeyondmilitarycontextandhasbeenknownasOperationalResearch
orOperationsResearch.
RecentdevelopmentsinthefieldofcomputertechnologyhaveenabledOperationalResearch
to integrate their models into information systems and thus make O.R. a part of decision
making procedures of many organizations. Apart from application in military contexts,
OperationalResearchprovidestechniquesfordecisionmakinginvariousindustries,business
organization, government, social service organizations and public utilities for dealing with
suchproblemsasproductionplanningandscheduling,financeandinvestmentplanningunder
risk,materialsmanagement,marketinganddistribution,planningandmanpower,trafficand
transportation planning for national economy, health planning and hospital management,
educationalsystemandnationalintegration.
TheOperationalResearchSocietyofIndia.
The Operational Research Society of India was established in 1957 with the objective of
promoting Operational Research and associated activities in our country. Today, it has the
membership strength of more than 1000 with branches operating in various parts of the
country. The Secretariat of the Operational Research Society of India is located at 39,
MahanirvanRoad,Kolkata700029.TheSocietyisaffiliatedtotheInternationalFederation
ofO.R.Societies(aWorldOrganization).
The members of the Society have been actively participating in conferences, seminars,
conventionsetc.inOperationalResearchandinotheralliedsubjectsheldinIndiaandabroad,
assisting other organizations in training course in O.R. and conducting courses for various
levelsofexecutives.

ThefirstAnnualConventionoftheSocietyheldinKolkatain1968wasastepforwardinthe
growth of Operational Research in India. This along with the subsequent conventions, has
served a very useful purpose in the exchange of views and generation of new ideas among
OperationalResearchscientistandpractitionersbothintheoryandinpractice.
Following are the categories of membership of the Society for which fees payable are as
under:
Sl.No.
1
2
3

Typeof
Membership
StudentMember
AnnualMember
LifeMember

Subscription

300/percalendaryear
600/percalendaryear
6000/lumpsum

ThefeesforAnnualandLifemembersincludethesubscriptiontothequarterlyjournal
OPSEARCH.Studentmembersmayreceivethejournalbypayingrequisitecharges.Issues
alreadypublishedinayearpriortothedateofpaymentofpublicationarenotguaranteed.
Thefeesaresubjecttorevision.Theannualfeescoveracalendaryear.
ThedemandfrompersonsspeciallyMathematicians,Statisticians,Engineers,Economistsand
Accountants engaged in such diverse fields as Industry, business, administration, space
research, universities, and other institution for participation in the rapidly growing field of
scientific endeavour continues to increase steadily. To provide for such participation on a
large scale, the Society introduced its Graduate Programme Examination in Operational
Research in 1973 and feels expansion of O.R. knowledge in this country. The examination
hasbeenrecognizedbytheGovernmentofIndia,MinistryofHumanResourceDevelopment
inmemoNo.F.1843/78/T7dated15thOctober1980.
GraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearch:NatureofExamination
This examination will have two parts (i) Part I subjects and (ii) Part II subjects. Part I will
havebasicsubjects,namely,MathematicsStatisticsEconomicsIndustrialEngineeringand
ComputerProgrammingCostAccountancyandIntroductiontoOperationalResearch.PartII
willhavefourcompulsorypapersinvolvingO.Rtechniques,suchasLinearandNonLinear
Programming Inventory Theory Queuing Theory, Reliability and Simulation Network
Analysis, Investment and Replacement Theory and two ELECTIVEs from a set of subjects
namely Advanced Mathematics and Statistics Theory of Games and Statistical Decision
Theory Dynamic Programming Control Processes O.R. in Marketing Cybernetics and
Econometrics.
RulesfortheExaminationSystem
1. Acandidatecanappearinasmanynewsubjectsashe/shemaychoseinPartIatany
examination.
2. After qualifying in any three subjects in Part I, a candidate can appear in Part II in
addition to part I subjects, if any, skipping one examination following the first
examination he/she has appeared in Part I, with the limitation that he/she will be

allowed to appear in three new Part II subjects at a time. This latter limitation will
ceaseaftertwoyearsofhis/herregistrationfortheexamination.
3. Therewillbenolimittothenumberofbacksubjectsinwhichonecouldappearin
anyexaminationinanypart.
4. AcandidatewhofallstoclearbothpartsIandIIinthreeyearsafterregistration,will
havetoregisterafresh,withallformalitiesandfees.Onreregistrationthecreditfor
thesubjectspassedwillbecarriedforward.
5. ThediplomaconferredoncompletionofthetwopartsisrecognizedbytheMinistry
ofHumanResourceDevelopment,GovernmentofIndia,DepartmentofEducationas
equivalenttoDegree.
ProgrammeofExaminations
ExaminationsinbothPartIandIIsubjectswillbeheldinthemonthofNovemberonanall
India basis in Kolkata and in other cities, on the basis of enrolment. Announcement of the
datesandprogrammesoftheseExaminationswillbemadesufficientlyinadvance.Thedates
aresubjecttochangetomeetexigencies,butwillbedulyintimated.
The candidate intending to appear in November in a particular year should complete the
formalities for registration and examination latest by 31 July of the year in which the
candidateoptstoappearattheexamination.Acandidatemayalsopayallthefeesandsubmit
alltheformsatthesametimetogether.
THECOURSESTRUCTUREANDSUBJECTS
PartI
Candidateswillberequiredtoqualifyasunderinthefollowingsubjects:
Subjects
1. Mathematics
2. Statistics
3. Economics
4. IndustrialEngineering&
ComputerProgramming.
5. CostAccountancy
6. IntroductiontoO.R.
7. QualifyingMaths.*

SubjectCode
GDOR101C
GDOR102C
GDOR103C
GDOR104C
GDOR105C
GDOR106C
GDOR107C
GDOR108X

TotalMarks
100
100
100
50
50
100
100
100

QualifyingMarks
40
40
40
15
15 Total=40
40
40
40

Time
3hours
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do

* TobetakenbythoseGraduateswhohavenotpassedmathematicsattheB.Sc.level
(passdegreecourse).

PartII
Candidateswillberequiredtoqualifyasunderinthefollowingsubjects:
FourCompulsorySubjects:
Subjects

SubjectCode

TotalMarks

1. LinearandNonLinear

GDOR201C

100

Qualifying
Marks
40

GDOR202C
GDOR203C

100
100

40
40

Do
Do

GDOR204C

100

40

Do

Programming
2. InventoryTheory
3. QueuingTheory,Reliabilityand
Simulation
4. NetworkAnalysis,investment
andReplacementTheory

Time
3hours

Electives
Anytwofromthefollowingsevensubjects:
Subjects

SubjectCode

TotalMarks

i)

GDOR205E

100

Qualifying
Marks
40

GDOR206E

100

40

Do

GDOR207E
GDOR208E
GDOR209E
GDOR210E
GDOR211E

100
100
100
100
100

40
40
40
40
40

Do
Do
Do
Do
Do

Advanced Mathematics and

Statistics
ii) Theory of Games and statistical
DecisionTheory
iii)DynamicProgramming
iv)ControlProcesses
v)OperationalResearchinMarketing
vi)Cybernetics
vii)Econometrics

Time
3hours

Noexemption,whatsoever,isgivenandacandidateisrequiredtoqualifyinallthepapersas
prescribed.
Distinctionwillbeawardedtocandidatessecuring60%oraboveinaggregate.
EXAMINATIONFEE
Registration

Rs.1,000.00

PartIonesubject

Rs.500.00

PartIIonesubject

Rs.500.00

Forbackpaperssamefeeforeachpaperasforfirstappearance.
PartIII

Rs.5,000.00

ASSESSMENTANDAWARD
Examinationresultswillnormallybeannouncedwithintwomonthsfromthecommencement
of an examination. Candidates passing all the subjects of both PartI & Part II will be
awarded appropriate Diploma as recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource
Development,GovernmentofIndia.
AgraduateofanyrecognizedUniversitypassingwithMathematicsasoneofthesubjectsand
an Engineering Graduate and of not less than 18 years of age is eligible to appear in the
Graduate Programme Examination of the Society. Those Graduates who have not passed
mathematics atthe B.Sc. level (pass degree course) will have to appear for a qualifying
examinationinMathematicsalongwiththePartIsubjects.
PROCEDUREFORENROLLMENT
AcandidatedesirousofappearingintheSocietysGraduateExaminationhastoregister
his/hernamewiththesocietyfortheExaminationhe/shewouldberequiredto
1) applyforregistrationsfortheexaminationwiththesocietyintheenclosedformwith
afeeofRs.1,000/only
2) sendattestedcopiesofUniversitycertificates/marksheetsasevidenceofeligibilityof
appear.
3) SendattestedcopiesofHigherSecondaryExaminationoritsequivalentexamination
certificatesorothercertificatesasevidenceofage.
4) ApplyforpermissionafteroralongwithregistrationtoappearinpartIsubjectsinthe
printedformenclosed,withtherequisiteexaminationfees.(Rs.500/foreachpartI
paper)beforethelastdatesspecified.
Allthefeesarenonrefundableandnontransferable.Theexaminationfeesaregoodonlyfor
thespecificexaminationonspecificdatesandwillotherwiselapseautomatically.
PaymentwillbeacceptedbydemanddraftdrawninfavourofOperationalResearchSociety
ofIndiapayableinKolkata.
Fortheseexaminationsthelastdateforreceivingapplicationsforregistrationandfor
permissiontoappearis31JulyfortheNovemberexamination.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESUBJECTS
(Syllabus)
PartI
1.Mathematics(SubjectCode:GDOR101C)
Linear Algebra: Vector space, Subspaces of Rn, linear dependence and dimension,
Matrices,RankofaMatrix,Systemsoflinearequations,CayleyHamiltontheorem,Eigen
ValuesandEigenVectors,DiagonalisationofaMatrix,QuadraticForms.
OrdinaryDifferentialEquation(ODE):Formationofadifferentialequation,Equationof
FirstorderandFirstDegree,Exactdifferentialequation,Equationsoffirstorderandhigher
degree, Linear equations of Higher Order, Homogeneous Linear Equations, Simultaneous
LinearDifferentialequations,MethodofVariationofParameters.
Partial differential equation (PDE): Formation of PDEs, Types of solutions, PDEs of the
first order, Lagrange's solution, PDEs of second and higher order, Classification of linear
PDEs of second order. Homogeneous and nonhomogeneous equations with constant
coefficients.
NumericalAnalysis:FiniteDifferences,Interpolation,MethodofLeastsquares,Numerical
DifferentiationandIntegration.
ReferenceBooks:
1. K.Hoffman&RayKunze,LinearAlgebra,PrenticeHall,India(1972).
2. Das&Mukherjee,DifferentialandIntegralCalculus,U.N.Dhar
3. ShepleyL.Ross,DifferentialEquations,Wiley,1984.
4. Ghosh&Maiti,DifferentialEquations,U.N.Dhar
5. S.K.Mapa,HigherAlgebraAbstractandlinear,SaratBookHouse.
6. M.K.Jain,S.R.K.Iyengar,R.K.Jain,NumericalMethods,NewAgeInternational
Publishers.
2.Statistics(SubjectCode:GDOR102C)
Probability Theory: Elementary set theory, Event, Meaning of Probability, Classical
definition of Probability, Conditional Probability, Baye's Rule and Independence of events,
Random Variable and its expectation and variance, Joint distribution of two random
variables, Cumulative distribution function, Probability mass and probability density
function. Discrete distributions Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial and Geometric.
Continuous distributions Exponential, Normal, Gamma, Beta, Weibull, Bivariate Normal,
BivariateExponential.
Statistical Methods: Collection and summarization of data, Frequency distribution,
Graphical presentations bar diagram, Pie chart, histogram, Stem and leaf plot, Box plot,
Moments of frequency distribution, Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and kurtosis,
BivariatedataCorrelationandregression,Logisticregression,Categoricaldataanalysis.

Statistical Inference: Random Sampling, parameter, statistic and sampling distribution,

Expectation and standard error of sample mean and sample proportion, Chisquare, t and F
distributions, Point and interval estimation, Maximum likelihood method of estimation,
Testing of hypothesis test for mean and variance of a normal distribution, Analysis of
varianceoneandtwowayclassifieddata.
Simulation: Random numbers, Generation of sample from Binomial, Poisson, Exponential
andNormaldistributions,
UseofRprogram.
Referencebooks:
1.FundamentalofStatistics(Vol.I)Goon,Gupta&Dasgupta,WorldPressPvt.Ltd.1968.
2. Probability, Statistics and Queuing Theory with Computer Science Applications (2nd
Edition)ArnoldO.Allen,Elsevier.
3.FoundationsofTheoryofProbabilityAndreyKolmogrov,ChelseaPublishingCompany.
(June1956).
4. Probability and Statistics Schaum's on line series. (Schaum's outlines 4th edition
(01Jan2013)).

3.Economics(SubjectCode:GDOR103C)
GroupA:Microeconomics
Marketequilibrium:Supply,demand,elasticitiesshortandlongrun.
Consumerbehaviour:theindifferencecurve,MRS,substitutesandcomplements,utility
maximization, price/income consumption curves, Engel curves, income and substitution
effects,inferiorandGiffengoods.
The firm: Isoquants, MRTS, diminishing returns and returns to scale fixed and variable
costs,
average and marginal costs related concepts and diagrams short and long run, cost
minimizationandoutputmaximizationsubjecttorelevantconstraints.
Market structure: perfect competition and monopoly concepts and illustration of
equilibrium
industrysupplycurveunderperfectcompetitionlongandshortrun,broadconceptsof
monopolisticcompetitionandoligopoly(detailsofequilibriumnotrequired).
Generalequilibrium:Edgeworthboxdiagram,contractcurve,utilitypossibilityfrontierand
productionpossibilityfrontier,threeconditionsofeconomicefficiency,gainsfromfreetrade,
efficientallocationunderperfectcompetition,ParetooptimalityandtheFirstFundamental
Theoremofwelfareeconomics.
Marketfailurecausesmeritgoodsandpublicgoodstheroleofgovernment.
GroupB:Macroeconomics
Circularflowofincomeandexpenditure,threeequivalentwaysofmeasuringGDP,concept
of
nationalincometheKeynesianconsumptionfunction,expenditureonGDPandequilibrium
in the goods market, autonomous spending and the multiplier, the IS curve shifts, the
balancedbudgetmultiplier.

 The Central Bank and money supply, deposit multiplier, instruments of control of money
supplydemandformoneyandequilibriuminthemoneymarket(LMcurveanditsshifts).
ISLMandaggregatedemand,conceptofnaturalrateofunemploymentandoutputmoney
supplyandpricelevelneutralityofmoneyinthemediumrun.
Open economy expenditure on GDP and equilibrium in the goods market, saving
investmentandnetexports,nominalandrealexchangerates(conceptsonly).
Bondpricesaspresentdiscountedvalues,bondyieldsandtheyieldcurve,stockpricesas
presentdiscountedvalues,theefficientmarkethypothesisandrandomwalk.
Growth economics aggregate production function under CRS, steady state capital and
outputintheSolowmodel,savingrateandthesteadystate.
Referencesbooks:
General:
SamuelsonandNordhausEconomics.TataMcGrewHillEducationPvt.Ltd.
Microeconomics:
Pindyck,R.S.andRubinfeld,D.L.Microeconomics,PrenticeHall.
AnindyaSenMicroeconomics:TheoryandApplications,OxfordUniversityPress.
JosephE.Stiglitz,JayK.RosengardEconomicsofthePublicSector,WWNorton&Co.
Macroeconomics:
N.GregoryMankiwBriefPrinciplesofMacroeconomics,CengageLearning.
OlivierBlanchardMacroeconomics,PearsonEducation(2010).
S.SikdarPrinciplesofMacroeconomics,OxfordUniversityPress(U.S.A.)

4.IndustrialEngineering&ComputerProgramming.
A.IndustrialEngineering(SubjectCode:GDOR104C)
1. GenesisandDevelopmentofIndustrialEngineering.
2. Management:Introduction,ManagementandAdministration,Functionsof
management.
3. PlantLocationandFacilityLayout.
4. Productivity:Introduction,Importance,Toolsofproductivity
5. WorkMethodsDesign:Introduction,ProcessAnalysis,ActivityCharts,
FundamentalHandMotions
6. TimeStudy:Introduction,TimeStudyEquipment,RatingFactor,Determining
Allowances,TimeStandards,Therbligs,SIMOchart.
7. Valueanalysis.
8. Materialhandling:Introduction,Need,Function,Basicequipments.
9. QualityControlandImprovement:DefinitionofQuality,QualityControl,Quality
Circle,PDCACycle,ControlChartX
andRchart,pchart,cchart.

10. MaintenanceManagement:Differencebetweenpreventiveandbreakdown
maintenance.
Referencebooks:
1. Motion and Time Study: Design and Measurement of Work by Ralph M. Barnes, John
Wiley&Sons
2. IntroductiontoWorkStudy,GeorgeKanawaty,InternationalLabourOrganization
3. FundamentalsofQualityControlandImprovement,AmitavaMitra,JohnWiley&Sons
4. IndustrialEngineeringandOrganizationManagement,SKSharmaandSavitaSharma,S
KKataria&Sons
5. PrinciplesandPracticeofManagement,LMPrasad,SultanChand&Sons
B.ComputerProgramming.(SubjectCode:GDOR105C)
Computer Fundamentals: Generations of Computers , A simple model of a Digital
computer, Von Neumann architecture, Representation of Characters, Integers, Fractions in
computers, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal representations and their inter conversions, Binary
arithmetic,Memory,ProcessorsInput/Outputunits.
Programming Concepts: Need for a Programming Language, Introduction to High level
LanguageProgrammingParadigm,IntroductiontoCProgramming:Basicofstorageclass,
Functions,Preprocessor,StructureandUnion,Pointers,FunctionPointers,Introductiontobit
wiseoperators.
DataStructures&Algorithms:AbstractDataTypes,Arrays,StackandQueue,Searching
Algorithms: Linear search, Binary search, Sorting Algorithms: Bubble sort, Selection sort,
Quicksort,MergeSort.
ReferenceBooks:
1.V.Rajaraman,ComputerProgramminginC,PrenticeHallIndia,1994.
2.B.KernighanandD.Ritchie,TheCProgrammingLanguage,PrenticeHallIndia,1995.
3.E.Balagurusamy,IntroductiontoComputing,TMH.
4.F.S.Schied,TheoryandProblemsofComputersandProgramming.
5.CostAccountancy(SubjectCode:GDOR106C)
Material control Purchasing and accounting Stores keeping and material recording Stores
ledgerFixationofstoreslevelsPricingstoresissuesPhysicalinventory,Materialsissuance
andaccounting,Scrap,wastageandspoilage.
Payroll accounting, Time keeping, Recording attendance, Elapsed, time, preparation of
factorypayrolllabourtimepricingEmployeeremunerationandincentive,labourturnover.
Overheads Manufacturing, overhead accumulation distribution and absorption,
administrativeoverheadsellinganddistributionoverheads.
CostControlaccountsandsubsidiaryledgersReconciliationofCostandfinancialAccounts
IntegratedsystemsofCostAccounting.

Methodsofcosting,JobCostingsystemandBatchCosting,ProcessCostSystem,Normal
andAbnormalLoss,EquivalentProductandbyproductCosting.
Budgetandbudgetarycontrol,CapitalExpenditureBudgeting.
MarginalCostingandCostVolumeProfitAnalysis.
ServiceCosting.
Standard cost Direct materials cost variables Direct Wages variances, Manufacturing
overhead cost variances Cost variance Reports Administrative overhead variances,
Distributioncostvariance.
Uniformcostaccountingandinterfirmcomparison.
Working Capital Management, Accounting Ratio Analysis, Sources and Application of
Funds,MakeorBuyDecision.
Referencebooks:
1. CostAccountingbyBasu&Das.
2. Cost Accounting Problems & Solutions by V. K. Saxena& C. D. Vashist published by
SultanChand&Sons.
3. AnIntroductiontoFinancialManagementbyMazumdar,Ali&NeshapublishedbyABS
PublishingHouse.(2005)
6.IntroductiontoOperationalResearch.(SubjectCode:GDOR107C)
1. Introduction:SignificanceofO.R.fordecisionmakingproblems,formulationof
modelsinO.R.
2. LinearProgramming:
i. IntroductionConvexset,Extremepoints,SpheresandHyperplanes,Convex
andConcavefunctionsandtheirproperties,Pseudoconvex,Quasiconvex
function,dualsimplexsensitivity.
ii. ModelFormulation.
iii. SolutionproceduresGraphicalmethod,Algebraicmethod,Simplex
algorithm.
iv. DualityTheoryPrimalanddualproblems,Dualsimplexalgorithm.
3. TransportationProblem:Formulationoftransportationproblems,Balancedand
unbalancedproblems,Minimizationandmaximizationproblems,NorthWestCorner
rule,Vogelsapproximationmethod,MODIMethod,Degeneracy.
4. AssignmentProblem:Mathematicalformulation,Hungarianmethod,Balancedand
unbalancedproblems,TravellingSalesmanproblemasanassignmentproblem.
5. GameTheory:

i. DefinitionandterminologyPayoffmatrix,Saddlepoint,Twopersonzero
sumgame,Pureandmixedstrategy,Valueofthegame.
ii. MaxminandMinmaxprinciple,Dominanceprinciple.
iii. SolutionprocedureGraphicalmethod,Algebraicmethod,Simplexmethod.
6. QueuingTheory:
i. IntroductionQueuingdiscipline,Queuingstrategy,Kendalsnotation.
ii. ModelsSingleandmultichannel.
7. InventoryProblems:
i. DefinitionandterminologyInventorycosts(setup,holding,storage),
Demand,Replenishment,Timehorizon,Leadtime,Safetystock,EOQ.
ii. DeterministicInventorymodelsInfinitereplenishmentwithoutshortage,
Finitereplenishmentwithoutshortage,Infinitereplenishmentwithshortage,
Finitereplenishmentwithshortage,Multiiteminventorymodels.
iii. ProbabilisticinventorymodelsDiscreteandContinuous.
Referencebooks:
1.ManagementScienceModelingAlbrightandWinston(CengageLearning).
2.OperationsResearchJ.K.Sharma(MacmillanIndiaLtd.).
3.IntroductiontoManagementScienceF.S.HillierandM.S.Hillier(TataMcGrawHill).
4.PrincipalsofOperationResearchH.M.Wagner(PrenticeHall).
5.OperationsResearchPrinciplesandPracticeRavindran,PhillipsandSolberg(Wiley).
6.OperationalResearchAnIntroduction,H.A.Taha(Macmillan).
7.IntroductiontoOperationsResearchHillierandLieberman(McGrawHill).
PartII
COMPULSORYSUBJECTS
1.LinearandNonlinearProgramming(SubjectCode:GDOR201C)
Convex sets, extreme points, spheres and hyper planes, convex polyhedra, convex and
concave functions and their properties. Pseudo convex and quasiconvex function,
developmentoflinearprogramming,simplexmethodandrelatedalgorithm,assignmentand
transportationtechniques,degeneracy,dualitytheoryandapplicationssensitivityanalysisand
pricingproblems,thedecompositiontheoreticmethods,branchandboundtechniques.
Formulation of nonlinear programming problem, generaliasedLargrange multipliers, the
KuhnTucker optimality theorem, duality theorem, nonlinear programming algorithms
includingbeales,WolfesandRosensmethods,Zoutendijksmethodoffeasibledirections,
penalty function method, basic concepts of geometric programming, posynominal
programming,duality,uniquenessandcharacterizationofsolutions.
2.InventoryTheory(SubjectCode:GDOR202C)

Thenature,ifinventorysystemintroductiontothemathematicaltheoryofinventorycontrol,
singleandmultistageinventorymodels,integratedapproachestoproductioninventoryandto
maintenanceinventoryproblems,Feedbackcontrolininventorymanagement,optimal
inventorypoliciesindeterministicandstochasticmodels,dynamicprogrammingand
stationaryanalysisofinventoryproblems,periodicreviewmodelswithstochasticdemands,
dynamicinventorymodels,multiechelonproblems.

3.QueuingTheory,ReliabilityandSimulation(SubjectCode:GDOR203C)
Queuing systems, arrival and service processes, queuing characteristics and terminology,
single server and multiserver models, channels in parallel and in series with limited and
unlimited queuesM/M/1, M/M/C, M/G/1, GI/M/1, G/M/C, GI/GI/1 models, Erlang and
hyperexponentialdistributions,costmodelsandoptimization,useofMonteCarlomethods
to production planning, scheduling, equipment maintenance, inventory and traffic control
problems.
Elements of reliability theory, failure rates, extreme value distributions, analysis of
stochastically failing equipment including the reliability function, maintenance policies
includingcalculusanddynamicprogrammingformulations,reliabilitiesandgrowthmodels.
Roleofsimulationinsystemanalysis,useofcomputerlanguagestoprogrammesimulation
models, random number generation and testing time control flow diagram for simulation
models statistical aspects of simulation analysis including validation variance reduction
experimentaldesign,validityofresults,modelinitializationandautocorrelateddateselected
applications.
4.NetworkAnalysis,InvestmentandReplacementTheory.(SubjectCode:GDOR204C)
Introduction to the theory of graphs, directed networks, the maximum flow minimum cut
theorem, shortest foute problems decision trees, critical path method, PERT, Probablistic
conditionaldecisionnetworkanalysis,planningandspaceschedulingproblems.
Equilibriumpricingofcapitalassetsunderuncertaintyanditsimplicationforevaluatingthe
performanceofinvestmenttrustsandportfolios,effectofdividendpolicy,simulationmodels
for strategy of investment in stocks, mathematical programming methods of capacity
expansionoffirmsandplantexpansionunderuncertainty.
Equipmentreplacementpoliciesindeterministicandstochasticcases,replacementmodelsfor
unbounded horizons and uncertain cost, replacement in anticipation of failure, group
replacement policy, preventive replacement scheme the general renewal process markovian
decisionmodelsinreplacementtheory.
ELECTIVESUBJECTS
1.AdvancedMathematicsandStatistics(SubjectCode:GDOR205E)

Selected topics of matrix algebra, linear partial differential equations of first and second
order, simultaneous and partial difference equations differentialdifference equations,
topologicalspaces,metricspaces,normedspaces,linearfunctional,linearoperators,simple
typesoffunctionalequations.
Analysis of variance, partial and multiple correlation, design and analysis of experiments,
introductiontostochasticprocess,stationaryandergodicprocess.Markovprocess,prediction
theory, stochastic allocation and control problems, selected applications in traffic flow,
inventory,damandstorage,engineeringdesignandoptimalcontrolproblems.
2.TheoryofGamesandStatisticalDecisionTheory(SubjectCode:GDOR206E)
Mathematical formulation of conflict decision problems as a game, extensive and normal
formsofagame,finitegamesandlinearprogramming,theminimaxtheoremandthevalue
of game, optimal strategies, finite games of perfect information, games with an infinite
numberofmoves,gamesoftiming,gamesofsequencegenerationandprediction,differential
games, management games for decisionmaking under conditions of competition and
uncertainty.
Games against nature, theory of utility functions, complete class theorems for decision
function, Bayesian decision functions, Optimality criterion, multiple decision rules
sequential decision problems Applications to statistical inference, acceptance sampling,
controltheoryandproblemsineconomics.
3.DynamicProgramming(SubjectCode:GDOR207E)
Basic concepts of Dynamic Programming, general structure of Dynamic Programming,
Problem formulation and solution, Problems in deterministic, probabilistic and adaptive
cases.
ComputationaspectsofDynamicProgrammingapproximationsinfunctionsspaceandpolicy
space.Successiveapproximations.
SequentialDecisionprocesswithandwithoutdiscounting,HowardsAlgorithm.
Applicationstoeconomic,industrial,controlandmathematicalproblems.
4.ControlProcesses(SubjectCode:GDOR208E)
The control processes approach to system analysis, types of control processesfinite, and
infinite discrete and continuous, scalar and multidimensional, categorization of control
processoptimal control, stochastic control and adaptive controls, solution of problems in
control process by methods of calculus of variation, Pontryagins maximum principle,
dynamic programming and functional analysis, applications to problems in engineering,
operationsresearchandeconomics.
5.O.R.inMarketing(SubjectCode:GDOR209E)

Introduction:Methodsofmeasurement,Decisionmakinginacompany,Marketingincontext
ofoverallcompanystrategy.OperationalResearchinMarketingStateoftheart,Modelsof
marketstructure.
Allocation of marketing budget static models, limitedbudget problems Models of market
response marketing games market simulations stochastic models of consumer response.
Markovmodels,learningmodels,methodologicalconsiderationsinthestochasticmodelsfor
marketing.
Advertisingdecisionsdeterminationofadvertisinggoals,determinationofadvertising
budget,mediamix,copythemes.
Pricingdecision:classicaleconomicmodels,competitivemodels,estimatingdemand
relationships.
Distributiondecision:natureofdistributionsystemmeasuresofcostandavailability
measurementscienceindistributiondecisions.
Personalsellingdecisions:sizeofpersonnelallocationofsaleseffortovertimeand
geographicalareasschedulingandrouting.
Newproductdecisionsdemandmodel,costmodel,profitmodel,uncertaintymodel,
decisionmodel,implementationofnewproductdecision.
ManagementinformationSystemsandmarketing,prospectivedevelopmentinOperational
ResearchinMarketing.
6.Cybernetics(SubjectCode:GDOR210E)
(Theemphasiswillbeprimarilyontheapplicationaspectofcyberneticsinoperational
research).
Cyberneticapproach:DefinitionofCyberneticsystemvarietiesmeaningofisomorphismand
homomorphismmetasystem, subsystem, blackboxes etc concept of feedback, stability
sensitivityconfilictbetweenstabilityandsensitivitystochasticanddeterminatesystems.
(Through emphasis will be on the physical concept, elements of algebraic structure will be
introduced).
ElementsofinformationTheory:Shannonstheorymeasurementofinformation,conceptof
entropy, concept of ergodicity (Birkhoff), information transferstatistics of the
communicationproblemsapplicationinindustrialprocess.
ElementsofNetworktheory:graphtheorysimpleapplicationsofnetworkproblems.
ApplicationsinEconomics:Forecastingmodels(withapplications)MarketingModels(with
applications)use of simple differential equations Planning Models (including appraisal of
inputmodelofleontief).

AfewproblemsinSocialCybernetics:Analysisofconflicts(withgametheoreticapproach),
problemofadaptivizationvisvisoptimizationhierarchy(Mesarovicsmodels).
7.Econometrics(SubjectCode:GDOR211E)
Regression Methods Classical least squaresrefiew of theory, computational procedure,
multicolinearity,curvillinearity,regressions,useofdrummyvariables.
No spherical Disturbance and generalized least squares heteroseedastivity and auto
correlated disturbances estimation methods, tests of nonsphericalnessthe DurbirWaston
statistic.
Qualitativeandlimiteddependentvariables,useofextraneousinformation.
Stochastic regressors independent stochastic linear regressions autoregressive linear
regressiondistributedlagmodelserrorsinvariables,groupingmethods.
Simultaneous equation systems least squares bias the problems of identificationorder and
rank conditions for identifyability: indirect least squares, structural estimation single
equation methods (twostage squares, limited information, Kclass estimators) and system
methods (threestage least squares, full information) recursive models comparison of
various estimatorsasymptotic properties, MonteCarlo Studies forecasting the multipliers
finalformsdirectestimationofreducedforms.
Applications Analysis of size distribution the Lorenz Curve Pareto, lognormal and log
logistic distribution (probability models leading to pareto and lognormal distribution
concentration in business or industry). Statistical demand analysis, the demand function
elasticityofdemand,EngelCurveanalysisformhouseholdbudgetsalgebraicforms,effectof
householdsizeandcompositionthespecificconcentrationcurve,demandprojectionsbased
on Engel Curve estimation of demand functions from time series datathe problems of
identification etc. pooling of crosssection and time series data: the CobWeb models the
linearexpendituresystem.
SyllabusfortheQualifyingExaminationinMathematics
(SubjectCode:GDOR108X)
[TobetakenbyGraduateswithoutMathematicsofB.Sc.standardwhointendtoappearin
theGraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearchExamination]
DifferentialandIntegralCalculus
Functionsofsinglevariable,limitsandcontinuityoffunctions,inversefunctions,differential
coefficientsinterpretation as rate measurer, techniques of differentiation for products and
quotients, functions, trigonometric functions, logarithmic and exponential functions etc.
successive differentiation, Roles and mean value theorems, differentials taylors and
Maclurinstheoremswithdifferentformsofremainders,maximaandminimaconditionsfor
existenceandapplicationstosimplecases.

Integrationasasumandasthereverseprocessofdifferentiation,standardforms,methodsof
integrationintegration by substitution, integration by parts, integration of rational fractions,
elementarypropertiesofdefiniteintegrals,evaluationofstandarddefiniteintegralsinvolving
trigonometricfunctions,calculationofvolume,surface,momentofinertiaofsimplebodies.
ElementaryDifferentialEquation
Familyofcurvesrepresentedbydifferentialequations,degreeandorderofequation,solution
offirstorderdifferentialequationsofdifferenttypevariablesseparable,homogenous,linear
and exact, solution of second order differential equations with constant coefficients, use of
themethodofoperatorsinfindingtheparticularintegralofsecondorderequationofformf
(D)y = h(x), where h(x) constant, xn, enxcos bx. etc. applications to problems in different
areas.
Algebra
Determinants and their properties, minors and cofactors, addition and multiplication of
determinants, adjoint of a determinant, Laplaces developments of determinants, symmetric
andskewsymmetricdeterminants,solutionoflinearequationsbycramersrule.
Matricesdefinitions,differenttypesofmatrices,equalityofmatrices,addition,multiplication
andtransportationofmatrices.
PartIII
OnlycandidateswhoarediplomaholdersinOperationalResearchofthisSocietyareeligible
topursuethePartIIIofferedbytheSociety(ThisPartisyettoberecognized).
AcandidatewhohasregisteredforthePartIIIprogrammeoftheSocietyistocompletethe
Part III programme of the Society in one year by writing a dissertation on a topic duly
approvedbytheO.R.SocietyofIndia.Theintendingcandidate(agraduatediplomaholderof
the society) is to submit a synopsis (three copies) of the project to be undertaken together
withthenameandtheBiodataoftheguideunderwhomthecandidateproposestowritethe
dissertationalongwithaletterofconsentoftheproposedguide.TheO.R.SocietyofIndia
afterareviewbyapanelofexpertsdecideswhethertheproposedprojectcouldbeundertaken
ornot.OncetheSocietypermitsthecandidatetocarryouttheprojectworkheissupposedto
submitthreecopiesofthedissertationforadjudicationbythepanelofexpertsappointedby
theSociety.Onunanimousrecommendationforapprovalofthedissertation,thecandidateis
supposedtoappearforavivavocebeforeanexpert.Onhissatisfactoryperformanceatthe
vivavoce, the Society considers that its Part III programme has been completed and the
candidateisofferedthePostGraduateDiplomainO.R.
Theprojectcouldbeonappliedortheoreticalproblemsapartofwhichshouldbeonreallife
problems.
ThedecisionstoapproveorrejectadissertationlieswiththeSociety.Theexaminationfees
forthePartIIIProgrammeisRs.5000/tobepaidbyaBankDraftinfavourofOperational
ResearchSocietyofIndiapayableinKolkataalongwiththedulycompletedform.

INSTRUCTIONFORCANDIDATES
PleasereadthefollowinginstructionsbeforefillingintheExaminationRegistrationformfor
theGraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearchExamination.
1. Persons willing to appear in Part I and Part II Examinations conducted by the
Society should at least be either engineering graduates of graduates in other
disciplineswithMathematicsasoneofthesubjectatB.AorB.Sc.levelfromany
recognizeduniversity/Institution.
2. Othergraduateswillhavetotakethequalifyingexaminationinmathematics.
3. The candidates has to become a member of the Society. The candidate can enroll
either as Student Member of as Member. This membership will have to be
continued.
4. In case the person is already a member of the Society he/she has to mention the
nameofthebranchattachedtointhespaceprovidedintheexaminationregistration
formandenclosethereceiptofmembershipsubscriptionpaidforthecurrentyear.If
the receipt is missing, a letter from the Hon. Secretary or the Branch concerned
needed.Membershipfeecoversacalendaryear.
5. A candidate who is not already a member of the society and is willing to register
his/her name with the Society for the examination, will have to fill in two forms
namely
(i)membershipformand(ii)examinationregistrationformavailableinthewebsite.
Thecandidatewillhavetoenclosethephotocopyofhis/hergraduationcertificateand
marksheetswiththeexaminationregistrationform:
Thecandidatewillhavetopaythefollowingmembershipfee:
Either
StudentMemberAnnualSubscription
entitledtogetthequarterlyjournalOPSEARCH)

Rs.300/(astudentmemberisnot

or
MemberAnnualSubscription

Rs.600/

Rs.6000/(onetime)

or
LifeMember

6. The examination fee (for Graduate Programme) may be paid along with the
registrationorthereafterwithintheduedatesenclosingtheprescribedformproperly
filledin.
7. Payment in all cases will be crossed bank draft drawn in favour of Operational
ResearchSocietyofIndiapayableinKolkata.Thetotalamountoffeesmaybesent
inaconsolidatedbankdraftinsteadofmultipledraftsfordifferentitems.

SomeInformationandRules
1. The examination system is recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource
Development,GovernmentofIndia.
2. TwoGradesareoffered:Distinction&Pass
ThosewhowillqualifyinallthesixsubjectsinonegoatthefirstattemptinPartI
and get 60% marks in aggregate will be awarded Distinction. In case of Part II, if
completed in two first attempts without back subjects, obtaining 60% in aggregate,
willqualifyforDistinction.
Passonobtainingaminimumof40%ineachsubject.
3. Detailsaboutdissertationisavailableonapplication.
4. Once a candidate obtains pass marks in a paper (40% with 15/50 in case of half
paper),thecreditisstoredforfuture.
5. TheSocietyorganizesnocorrespondencecourse.
6. Alistoftextandreferencebookswillbesuppliedonregistration.
7. A candidate can appear in as many new subjects as he may choose in Part I at any
examination.
8. After qualifying in any three subjects in Part I, a candidate can appear in Part II in
additiontoPartIsubjects,Ifany.
9. Therewillbenolimittothenumberofbacksubjectsinwhichonecouldappearin
anyexaminationinanypart.
10. AcandidatewhofailstoclearbothpartsIandIIinthreeyearsafterregistration,will
havetoregisterafresh,withallformalitiesandfees.
11. TheexaminationsonbothPartIandPartIIsubjectswillbeheldinthemonthofMay
everyyear.