BP Statistical Review

of World Energy
June 2016
bp.com/statisticalreview
#BPstats

Introduction
1 Group chief executives introduction
2 2015 in review

Oil

Nuclear energy

6
8
14
16
18

35 Consumption

Reserves
Production and consumption
Prices
Refining
Trade movements

Natural gas
20
22
27
28

Reserves
Production and consumption
Prices
Trade movements

Coal
30 Reserves and prices
32 Production and consumption

Hydroelectricity
36 Consumption

Renewable energy
38 Other renewables consumption
39 Biofuels production

Primary energy
40 Consumption
41 Consumption by fuel

Appendices
44 Approximate conversion factors
44 Definitions
45 More information

65th edition

About this review

For 65 years, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy has
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Disclaimer
The data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016 does not
necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company
level, for instance, as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily
represent BPs view of proved reserves by country. Rather, the data series has been compiled using a
combination of primary official sources and third-party data.

Group chief executives introduction

Energy in 2015 slow demand growth amid plentiful supply.

Welcome to the BP Statistical Review of World

Energy. This is the 65th edition of the Statistical
Review, an important milestone for a publication
that has traced developments in global energy
markets since 1951, a year when coal provided
more than half of the worlds energy and the
price of oil was around $16 (in todays money).
Remarkably, the share of oil in global energy
then was almost identical to its share today,
at a little over 30%.
We believe the BP Statistical Review contributes
to the worlds understanding of energy markets
by providing timely and objective data to help
inform discussions, debates and decisionmaking. Its annual data helps us better interpret
the swings and fluctuations that we are living
through, and the historical data provide an
important context for gauging where we may
be heading next.
This years edition records the data for 2015, a
year in which significant long-term trends in both
the global demand and supply of energy came
to the fore.
On the demand side, we are seeing a gradual
deceleration in global energy consumption as
the huge boost from globalization and Chinese
industrialization slowly subsides. That slowing
was compounded last year by continuing
weakness in the global economy. As a result,
global primary energy consumption grew by just
1.0% in 2015, similar to the rate of growth seen
in 2014, but much slower than the average seen
over the past decade. Much of this weakness
was driven by China, where energy consumption
grew at its slowest rate in almost 20 years. Even
so, China remained the worlds largest growth
market for energy for a fifteenth consecutive year.
The supply of energy in recent years has been
driven by different factors, notably technological
advances that have increased the range and
availability of different fuels. The US shale
revolution has unlocked huge swathes of oil and
gas resources. And rapid technological gains have
supported strong growth in renewable energy,
led by wind and solar power. These advances
meant that, despite the weakness of energy
demand, oil, natural gas and renewable energy
all recorded solid growth in 2015. Their gain was
at the expense of coal, which saw its largest fall
on record, taking its share within primary energy
to its lowest level since 2005.
As we know, the contrasting trends in the
demand and supply of energy had major effects
on energy prices, with oil, gas and coal prices
all falling sharply last year. These price declines
played a key role in prompting adjustments in
energy markets: boosting demand in some
markets, most notably oil; curtailing supply and

shifting the fuel mix in others. The extent of this

adjustment bodes well for the future stability of
our industry.
The combination of slow demand growth and
a shift in the fuel mix away from coal towards
natural gas and renewable energy had important
implications for carbon emissions. In particular,
carbon emissions from energy consumption
are estimated to have been essentially flat in
2015, the lowest growth in emissions in nearly
a quarter of a century, other than in the immediate
aftermath of the financial crisis. Last year was
of course significant for the UN-led COP21
meetings in Paris and the historic agreement to
tackle climate change. BP supports those aims
and is committed to playing its part in helping
to achieve them. The stalling in the growth of
carbon emissions in 2015 is a step in the right
direction. But it is only a small step: the scale of
the challenge remains substantial, requiring major
shifts in both energy efficiency and the fuel mix.
Our industry is living through a period of profound
change. But that is nothing new: the past 65
years have seen huge changes to the global
energy landscape. Our task as an industry is to
take the steps necessary to provide the energy
to meet the worlds growing demand and ensure
our sector remains resilient to the many factors
that may buffet us in the near term. We must
continue to invest in energy, in all its forms, to
meet future needs. That is no easy task and
requires fine judgements judgements that can
be more confidently made when based on the
kind of solid data and analysis provided by the
Statistical Review. The need for BPs Statistical
Review over the next 65 years is likely to be just
as great as in the past.
Let me conclude by thanking BPs economics
team and all those who helped us prepare this
review in particular those in the governments
of many countries around the world who have
contributed their official data again this year.
Thank you for your continuing cooperation
and transparency.

Bob Dudley
Group chief executive
June 2016

2015 in review
Growth in global primary energy consumption remained
low in 2015; and the fuel mix shifted away from coal
towards lower-carbon fuels.

The six-level Puxi Viaduct in Shanghai is one

of citys busiest interchanges and is used by
thousands of vehicles every hour.
In the UK the National Grid supplies electricity
using about 7,200km of power cable line and
690km of underground cable.

+1.0%

Growth of global primary energy

consumption, well below the
10-year average of 1.9%.

+1.5%

Growth of Chinese primary

energy consumption, the
worlds largest increment.

Global primary energy consumption increased by

just 1.0% in 2015, similar to the below-average
growth recorded in 2014 (+1.1%) and well below
its 10-year average of 1.9%. Other than the
recession of 2009, this represented the lowest
global growth since 1998. Consumption growth
was below the 10-year average for all regions
except Europe & Eurasia; emerging economies
accounted for 97% of the increase in global
consumption. OECD consumption experienced
a small increase, with growth in Europe
offsetting declines in the US and Japan. Chinese
consumption slowed further, but still recorded
the worlds largest increment in primary energy
consumption for the fifteenth consecutive year.
Russia recorded the largest volumetric decline in
primary energy consumption. By fuel, only oil and
nuclear power grew at above-average rates, with
oil gaining global market share for the first time
since 1999. Renewables in power generation
continued to grow robustly, to nearly 3% of
global primary energy consumption, while coal
consumption recorded the largest percentage
decline on record. Global CO2 emissions from
energy are estimated to have been essentially flat.
Prices for all fossil fuels fell in 2015 for all regions.
Crude oil prices recorded the largest decline on
record in dollar terms, and the largest percentage
decline since 1986. The annual average price
for Brent, the international crude oil benchmark,

declined by 47%, reflecting a growing imbalance

between global production and consumption. The
differential between Brent and the US benchmark
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) narrowed to its
smallest level since 2010. Natural gas prices fell in
all regions, with the largest percentage declines in
North America; the US benchmark Henry Hub fell
to its lowest level since 1999. Coal prices around
the world fell for the fourth consecutive year.

Energy developments

Oil remained the worlds leading fuel, accounting

for 32.9% of global energy consumption.
Although emerging economies continued
to dominate the growth in global energy
consumption, growth in these countries (+1.6%)
was well below its 10-year average of 3.8%.
Emerging economies now account for 58.1%
of global energy consumption. Chinese
consumption growth slowed to just 1.5%, while
India (+5.2%) recorded another robust increase
in consumption. OECD consumption increased
slightly (+0.1%), compared with an average
annual decline of 0.3% over the past decade.
A rare increase in EU consumption (+1.6%) more
than offset declines in the US (-0.9%) and Japan
(-1.2%), where consumption fell to the lowest
level since 1991.

Oil

+1.9mb/d
Growth of global
oil consumption.

32.9%

Oils share of global energy

consumption, the first
increase since 1999.

Expanded coverage
Country coverage of refinery throughput
and capacity has been expanded. The oil
trade tables now break out China and
Russia and provide the split of crude oil
and oil products for inter-area movements.

The storage tanks, pipes and towers at BPs

Rotterdam refinery.

Prices

Dated Brent averaged $52.39 per barrel in 2015,

a decline of $46.56 per barrel from the 2014 level
and the lowest annual average since 2004. Crude
oil prices rose in early 2015 as global consumption
rebounded and US production began to register
month-on-month declines. But strong growth in
OPEC production, particularly in Iraq and Saudi
Arabia, caused prices to fall sharply later in the
year. The Brent WTI differential narrowed for
a third consecutive year, to $3.68 per barrel.

Consumption and production

Global oil consumption grew by 1.9 million barrels

per day (b/d), or 1.9% nearly double the recent
historical average (+1%) and significantly stronger
than the increase of 1.1 million b/d seen in 2014.
The relative strength of consumption was driven
by the OECD countries, where consumption
increased by 510,000 b/d (+1.1%), compared
with an average decline of 1.1% over the past
decade. Growth was well above recent historical
averages in the US (+1.6%, or 290,000 b/d) and
the EU (+1.5%, or 200,000 b/d), while Japan
(-3.9%, or -160,000 b/d) recorded the largest
decline in oil consumption. Outside of the OECD,
net oil importing countries recorded significant
increases: China (+6.3%, or +770,000 b/d) once
again accounted for the largest increment to
demand, while India (+8.1%, or 310,000 b/d)
surpassed Japan as the worlds third-largest oil
consumer. But this was offset by slower growth
in oil producers, such that oil demand growth in
the non-OECD as a whole (+2.6%, or 1.4 million
b/d) was below its recent historical average.
Global oil production increased even more rapidly
than consumption for a second consecutive year,
rising by 2.8 million b/d or 3.2%, the strongest
growth since 2004. Production in Iraq (+750,000
b/d) and Saudi Arabia (+510,000 b/d) rose to

record levels, driving an increase in OPEC

production of 1.6 million b/d to 38.2 million b/d,
exceeding the previous record reached in 2012.
Production outside OPEC slowed from last years
record growth but still grew by 1.3 million b/d.
The US (+1 million b/d) had the worlds largest
annual growth increment and remained
the worlds largest oil producer. Elsewhere,
production growth in Brazil (+180,000 b/d),
Russia (+140,000 b/d), the UK and Canada
(+110,000 b/d each) was offset by declines in
Mexico (-200,000 b/d, the worlds largest decline),
Yemen (-100,000 b/d) and elsewhere.

Refining and trade

Global crude runs rose by 1.8 million b/d (+2.3%),

more than triple their 10-year average growth,
despite declines in South & Central America,
Africa and Russia. Strong refining margins lifted
crude runs by 1 million b/d in the OECD, with
growth in Europe (+740,000 b/d) the highest since
1986. In contrast, global refining capacity grew
by only 450,000 b/d, the smallest increase in
23 years. Delayed expansion in China, combined
with closures in Taiwan and Australia, resulted
in a fall in Asian capacity for the first time
since 1988. Global refinery utilization rose by
1 percentage point to 82.1%, the fastest increase
in five years.
After barely growing in 2014, global trade
of crude oil and refined products expanded by
3 million b/d (+5.2%) last year, the largest increase
since 1993. Crude oil trade was lifted by growing
exports from the Middle East (+550,000 b/d),
while Europe and China accounted for the
largest increases in imports (+770,000 b/d and
+530,000 b/d respectively). Growth in refined
product exports was again led by the US
(+470,000 b/d); the countrys net oil imports fell
to 4.8 million b/d, the lowest since 1985.

The Valhall platform complex in the Norwegian

North Sea, Norway.

Natural gas
Coal

+5.4%

Growth of US gas production,

the worlds largest increment.

-1.8%

Decline in global coal

consumption, the largest
on record.

Gas
Consumption and production

World natural gas consumption grew by 1.7%

in 2015, a significant increase from the very
weak growth (+0.6%) seen in 2014 but still
below the 10-year average of 2.3%. As with oil,
consumption growth was below average outside
the OECD (+1.9%, accounting for 53.5% of global
consumption) but above average in the OECD
countries (+1.5%). Among emerging economies,
Iran (+6.2%) and China (+4.7%) recorded the
largest increments to consumption, even though
growth in China was sluggish compared with a
10-year average growth of 15.1%. Meanwhile,
Russia (-5%) recorded the largest volumetric
decline, followed by the Ukraine (-21.8%). Among
OECD countries, the US (+3%) accounted for the
largest growth increment, while EU consumption
(+4.6%) rebounded after a large decline in 2014.
Globally, natural gas accounted for 23.8% of
primary energy consumption.
Global natural gas production grew by 2.2%,
more rapidly than consumption but below its
10-year average of 2.4%. As with consumption,
the US (+5.4%) recorded the largest growth
increment, with Iran (+5.7%) and Norway (+7.7%)
also recording significant increases in production.
Growth was above average in North America,
Africa, and Asia Pacific. EU production once again
fell sharply (-8%), with the Netherlands (-22.8%)
recording the worlds largest decline. Large
volumetric declines were also seen in Russia
(-1.5%) and Yemen (-71.5%).

A coal digger extracting coal at a mine.

A gas rig at BPs Alice well site near
Durango, Colorado.

Trade

Global natural gas trade rebounded in 2015, rising

by 3.3%. Pipeline shipments increased by 4%,
driven by growth in net pipeline exports from
Russia (+7.7%) and Norway (+7%). The largest
volumetric increases in net pipeline imports were
in Mexico (+44.9%) and France (+28.8%). Global
LNG trade increased by 1.8%. Export growth was
led by Australia (+25.3%) and Papua New Guinea
(+104.8%), offsetting declines in shipments
from Yemen (-77.2%). Higher net LNG imports
for Europe (+15.9%) and rising Middle Eastern
imports (+93.8%) were partly offset by declines
in net imports in South Korea (-10.4%) and Japan
(-4%). International natural gas trade accounted
for 30.1% of global consumption; the pipeline
share of global gas trade rose to 67.5%.

Coal
Global coal consumption fell by 1.8% in 2015,
well below the 10-year average annual growth of
2.1% and the largest percentage (and volumetric)
decline in our data set. All of the net decline
was accounted for by the US (-12.7%, the
worlds largest volumetric decline) and China
(-1.5%), partially offset by modest increases
in India (+4.8%) and Indonesia (+15%). Global
coal production fell by 4%, with large declines
in the US (-10.4%), Indonesia (-14.4%), and
China (-2%). Coals share of global primary
energy consumption fell to 29.2%, the lowest
share since 2005.

Other fuels

Sugar cane reception, preparation and juice

extraction facilities at BP Biofuels Ituiutaba
plant in Brazil.
Wind turbines at the Goshen wind farm
in Idaho Falls, Idaho.

+213

terawatt-hours
Growth in renewable
power generation, the largest
increment on record.

+0.1%

Increase in global CO2

emissions from fossil
fuel use.

In detail
Additional information including historical
time series for the fuels reported in this
review; further detail on renewable forms
of energy; oil consumption by product;
electricity generation; and CO2 emissions
from energy use is available at bp.com/
statisticalreview

Nuclear and hydroelectric

Global nuclear output grew by 1.3%, with

China (+28.9%) accounting for virtually all of
the increase. China has passed South Korea to
become the fourth-largest supplier of nuclear
power. Elsewhere, increases in Russia (+8%)
and South Korea (+5.3%) offset declines in
Sweden (-12.6%) and Belgium (-22.6%). EU
output (-2.2%) fell to the lowest level since 1992.
Nuclear power accounted for 4.4% of global
primary energy consumption.
Global hydroelectric output grew by a below
average 1%, compared with a 10-year average
of 3%. China (+5%) remains by far the worlds
largest producer of hydroelectricity; as with
nuclear power, China accounted for all of the
net global increase, even though growth in
percentage terms was less than half the recent
historical average. Elsewhere, growth in Turkey
(+64.6%, following a very weak 2014) and
Scandinavia was offset by drought conditions in
Italy, Spain and Portugal (-28.6% combined) and
Brazil (-3.3%). Hydroelectric output accounted for
6.8% of global primary energy consumption.

Renewables

Renewable energy sources in power generation

continued to increase in 2015, reaching 2.8%
of global energy consumption, up from 0.8%
a decade ago.
Renewable energy used in power generation
grew by 15.2%, slightly below the 10-year
average growth of 15.9% but a record increment
(+213 terawatt-hours), which was roughly equal
to all of the increase in global power generation.
Renewables accounted for 6.7% of global
power generation. China (+20.9%) and Germany

(+23.5%) recorded the largest increments in

renewables in power generation. Globally, wind
energy (+17.4%) remains the largest source
of renewable electricity (52.2% of renewable
generation), with Germany (+53.4%) recording
the largest growth increment. Solar power
generation grew by 32.6%, with China (+69.7%),
the US (+41.8%) and Japan (+58.6%) accounting
for the largest increases. China overtook Germany
and the US to become the worlds top generator
of solar energy. Global biofuels production grew
by just 0.9%, well below the 10-year average
of 14.3%: Brazil (+6.8%) and the US (+2.9%)
accounted for essentially all of the net increase,
partly offset by large declines in Indonesia
(-46.9%) and Argentina (-23.9%).

Carbon dioxide emissions

Emissions of CO2 from energy consumption

increased by only 0.1% in 2015. Other than the
recession of 2009, this represented the lowest
growth rate since 1992. This encouraging
outcome was driven by a combination of slightly
slower energy consumption growth and a shift
in the global fuel mix (with lower global coal
consumption partly offset by growth in natural
gas and non-fossil fuels). Emissions growth was
below average in every region except Europe
& Eurasia. The US (-2.6%) and Russia (-4.2%)
accounted for the largest absolute declines in
emissions, while India (+5.3%) saw the largest
increase. Chinese emissions declined for the first
time since 1998. This years estimates on CO2
emissions reflect a more detailed breakdown
of fuel consumption by product type, as well as
allowances for non-combusted hydrocarbons.
See bp.com/statisticalreview for a detailed
explanation of the revised methodology.

Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts worldwide who provide
the publicly available data for this publication, and to the researchers at the Centre for Energy
Economics Research and Policy, Heriot-Watt University who assist in the data compilation.

Oil
Total proved reserves

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Italy
Kazakhstan
Norway
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union#
CIS
Canadian oil sands: Total
of which: Under active development
Venezuela: Orinoco Belt
Less than 0.05.

At end 1995
Thousand
million
barrels

At end 2005
Thousand
million
barrels

At end 2014
Thousand
million
barrels

Thousand
million
barrels

29.8
48.4
48.8
126.9
2.4
6.2
3.0
3.4
0.8
0.7
66.3
1.0
83.7
1.2
0.9
0.8
5.3
10.8
1.0
113.6
0.5
4.5
0.3
2.2
141.2
93.7
100.0
96.5
5.2
3.7
261.5
2.6
98.1
2.0
0.1
663.3
10.0
3.1
1.3
3.8
0.6
1.5
29.5
20.8
n/a
0.3
0.4
0.7
72.0
3.8
1.1
16.4
5.5
5.0
5.2
0.3
0.8
1.1
39.1
1126.2
149.2
976.9
786.6
339.6
8.3
121.5
41.5
3.6

29.9
180.0
13.7
223.6
2.2
11.8
1.5
4.9
1.1
0.8
80.0
1.5
103.6
7.0
1.3
0.5
9.0
9.7
0.5
104.4
0.5
3.9
0.6
2.2
139.5
137.5
115.0
101.5
5.6
27.9
264.2
3.0
97.8
2.9
0.1
755.5
12.3
9.0
1.5
1.5
3.7
1.8
2.1
41.5
36.2
n/a
0.6
0.6
0.5
111.3
3.7
1.1
15.6
5.9
4.2
5.3
0.5
3.1
1.4
40.8
1374.4
244.0
1130.4
927.8
446.6
7.0
122.2
173.6
10.2

55.0
172.2
10.8
238.0
2.4
16.2
2.4
8.0
1.4
0.8
300.0
0.5
331.7
7.0
0.6
0.6
30.0
6.5
0.6
103.2
0.6
2.8
0.6
2.1
154.6
157.8
143.1
101.5
5.2
25.7
267.0
2.5
97.8
3.0
0.2
803.8
12.2
12.7
1.5
1.6
3.7
1.1
2.0
48.4
37.1
3.5
1.5
0.4
3.7
129.3
4.0
1.1
18.5
5.7
3.6
3.6
0.4
4.4
1.3
42.6
1700.0
253.9
1446.1
1211.1
488.9
5.6
141.9
166.2
24.4
221.7

55.0
172.2
10.8
238.0
2.4
13.0
2.3
8.0
1.4
0.7
300.9
0.5
329.2
7.0
0.6
0.6
30.0
8.0
0.6
102.4
0.6
2.8
0.6
2.1
155.2
157.8
143.1
101.5
5.3
25.7
266.6
2.5
97.8
3.0
0.2
803.5
12.2
12.7
1.5
1.6
3.5
1.1
2.0
48.4
37.1
3.5
1.5
0.4
3.7
129.1
4.0
1.1
18.5
5.7
3.6
3.6
0.4
4.4
1.3
42.6
1697.6
255.3
1442.3
1211.6
486.0
5.6
141.1
166.2
24.4
222.3

At end 2015
Thousand
million
Share
tonnes
of total

6.6
27.8
1.5
35.9
0.3
1.9
0.3
1.2
0.2
0.1
47.0
0.1
51.0
1.0
0.1
0.1
3.9
1.0
0.1
14.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.3
21.0
21.7
19.3
14.0
0.7
2.7
36.6
0.3
13.0
0.4

108.7
1.5
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.3
6.3
5.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5
17.1
0.4
0.1
2.5
0.8
0.5
0.5

0.6
0.2
5.7
239.4
38.0
201.3
169.9
69.4
0.7
19.1
27.0
4.0
35.7

3.2%
10.1%
0.6%
14.0%
0.1%
0.8%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%

17.7%

19.4%
0.4%

1.8%
0.5%

6.0%

0.2%

0.1%
9.1%
9.3%
8.4%
6.0%
0.3%
1.5%
15.7%
0.1%
5.8%
0.2%

47.3%
0.7%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
2.8%
2.2%
0.2%
0.1%

0.2%
7.6%
0.2%
0.1%
1.1%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%

0.3%
0.1%
2.5%
100.0%
15.0%
85.0%
71.4%
28.6%
0.3%
8.3%

R/P
ratio

11.9
107.6
11.5
33.1
10.2
14.1
6.3
40.4
34.3
18.1
313.9
9.9
117.0
22.8
9.6
14.7
49.3
11.3
19.5
25.5
6.3
8.0
25.3
15.0
24.4
110.3
97.2
89.8
15.3
37.1
60.8
253.7
68.7
176.5
2.8
73.1
21.1
19.0
52.4
15.8
13.2
10.4
23.5
306.8
43.2
64.9
39.2
18.6
38.3
42.2
28.3
23.8
11.7
18.0
12.0
14.2
2.3
33.3
12.0
14.0
50.7
29.7
58.0
86.8
24.9
10.1
27.8

Less than 0.05%.

n/a not available.
#Excludes Estonia and Latvia in 2005.
Notes: Total proved reserves of oil Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved oil does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining
proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BPs view of proved reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Source of data The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources, third-party data from the OPEC Secretariat, World Oil, Oil & Gas Journal and
independent estimates of Russian reserves based on official data and Chinese reserves based on information in the public domain.
Canadian oil sands under active development are an official estimate. Venezuelan Orinoco Belt reserves are based on the OPEC Secretariat and government announcements.
Reserves include gas condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs) as well as crude oil.
Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using thousand million barrels figures.

Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Years

2015 by region

History
150

160

North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
World

120

140

120

100

90

80

60

60

40
30
20

North
America

S. & Cent.
America

Europe &
Eurasia

Middle
East

Africa

Asia
Pacific

85

90

95

00

05

10

15

Global proved oil reserves in 2015 fell by 2.4 billion barrels (-0.1%) to 1697.6 billion barrels, just the second annual decline in our data set (along with 1998). Reserves have
nonetheless increased by 24%, or 320 billion barrels, over the past decade; and are sufficient to meet 50.7 years of global production. Brazil recorded the largest decline,
with proved reserves falling by 3.2 billion barrels, while Norwegian proved reserves grew by 1.5 billion barrels. OPEC countries continue to hold the largest share (71.4%)
of global proved reserves. On a regional basis, South & Central American reserves have the highest R/P ratio, 117 years. Lags in reporting official data mean that 2015
figures for many countries are not yet available.

Distribution of proved reserves in 1995, 2005 and 2015

Percentage

Middle East
S. & Cent. America
North America
Europe & Eurasia
Africa
Asia Pacific

2.5

47.3

7.6

3.0

55.0
9.1

8.1

6.4

12.5

3.5 58.9

2005
Total 1374.4
thousand million
barrels

1995
Total 1126.2
thousand million
barrels

11.3

2015
Total 1697.6
thousand million
barrels

10.1

14.0

16.3
7.4

7.5
19.4

Oil: Production in thousands of barrels per day*

Thousand barrels daily

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Italy
Kazakhstan
Norway
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

6900
3041
3767
13708
839
1713
526
534
92
170
3308
146
7328
445
380
127
1294
2961
114
9597
193
1843
115
454
17523
4216
1833
2668
777
1151
10931
448
2919
421
185
25549
1990
1282
173
247
672
358
270
1745
2527
n/a
294
80
172
9811
570
206
3642
737
1096
757
297
389
285
7978
81896
19894
62003
35104
46792
2711
11793

6826
3208
3692
13726
838
1809
529
538
97
177
3336
140
7463
646
346
120
1368
2772
105
9818
187
1666
114
445
17587
4290
1999
2737
738
1241
10671
421
3098
387
182
25764
1979
1432
153
279
679
342
242
1816
2433
n/a
356
77
222
10011
532
221
3711
760
1018
713
325
354
304
7937
82487
19458
63029
35570
46918
2471
12278

6860
3290
3481
13631
798
1833
531
513
96
154
3230
139
7295
856
311
122
1413
2551
100
10043
199
1659
104
442
17800
4333
2143
2661
710
1267
10268
404
3002
341
194
25322
1992
1699
144
224
698
350
246
1820
2314
n/a
483
106
192
10269
549
194
3742
768
972
742
341
334
319
7961
82277
19141
63136
35241
47036
2425
12758

6785
3207
3167
13159
772
1899
588
507
99
152
3222
138
7376
895
287
108
1483
2466
99
9950
211
1555
102
420
17577
4361
2428
2786
757
1438
10663
406
3027
315
192
26372
1969
1916
127
237
715
347
240
1820
2134
n/a
457
98
186
10246
538
175
3814
803
1006
741
362
309
340
8088
82818
18434
64384
36269
46549
2264
12780

7264
3202
2980
13447
716
2029
671
488
107
150
3033
129
7322
1014
265
95
1609
2349
94
10139
214
1477
95
409
17760
4250
2452
2500
813
1421
9663
401
2725
307
192
24723
1775
1804
118
276
730
307
241
1652
2234
n/a
475
93
184
9890
507
168
3805
816
994
701
376
341
330
8039
81182
18443
62739
33998
47184
2127
13213

7550
3332
2961
13843
704
2137
786
488
113
147
2838
134
7348
1023
249
106
1676
2136
90
10366
220
1361
78
394
17699
4420
2490
2561
865
1638
10075
385
2895
306
192
25827
1689
1863
122
314
725
274
255
1656
2535
n/a
462
85
162
10142
548
172
4077
882
1003
717
388
322
315
8424
83283
18535
64748
35149
48134
1987
13494

7853
3515
2942
14310
649
2193
915
501
109
139
2758
137
7401
919
225
110
1684
2040
89
10518
220
1116
77
394
17390
4466
2801
2915
885
1834
11144
353
3320
241
201
28160
1642
1726
114
301
714
252
254
479
2476
n/a
291
78
221
8548
483
165
4074
916
952
650
421
326
299
8287
84097
18571
65525
36061
48035
1724
13543

8883
3740
2912
15535
652
2149
944
505
110
118
2701
143
7322
872
204
112
1662
1917
83
10639
229
949
68
390
17124
3814
3116
3171
918
1931
11635
171
3403
190
183
28532
1537
1784
101
294
715
272
245
1509
2430
31
103
84
221
9327
479
159
4155
906
918
654
460
357
290
8378
86218
19474
66744
37536
48682
1528
13592

10059
4000
2876
16934
643
2114
1004
527
112
118
2678
148
7344
877
178
116
1720
1838
86
10779
240
867
68
397
17166
3611
3141
3134
942
1903
11393
59
3640
150
207
28181
1485
1799
83
281
710
267
236
988
2321
100
118
78
245
8711
407
135
4216
906
882
621
454
361
272
8254
86591
20623
65968
36621
49970
1436
13799

11723
4278
2785
18786
636
2346
990
557
124
116
2685
151
7605
849
167
121
1701
1889
84
10838
249
855
66
388
17206
3736
3285
3120
943
1893
11505
33
3685
145
213
28557
1589
1712
82
276
714
281
236
498
2389
155
120
73
245
8371
436
126
4246
887
852
650
450
373
289
8310
88834
22541
66293
36652
52182
1414
13807

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

12704
4385
2588
19676
637
2527
1008
543
113
110
2626
148
7712
841
158
115
1669
1948
84
10980
261
965
64
378
17463
3920
4031
3096
952
1898
12014
27
3902
47
212
30098
1586
1826
78
277
723
289
233
432
2352
148
105
63
264
8375
385
127
4309
876
825
693
477
362
292
8346
91670
23534
68136
38226
53445
1507
13914

8.5%
2.8%
-7.0%
4.7%
0.1%
7.9%
1.7%
-2.4%
-11.1%
-4.8%
-2.1%
-1.8%
1.5%
-1.0%
-5.4%
-5.1%
-1.9%
3.2%
-1.1%
1.2%
5.0%
13.4%
-3.1%
-2.4%
1.4%
4.5%
22.9%
-1.1%
0.8%
-0.4%
4.6%
-18.2%
5.3%
-67.8%
-0.5%
5.4%
-0.4%
6.8%
-4.8%
0.4%
1.4%
3.3%
-1.4%
-13.4%
-1.5%
-4.9%
-12.3%
-14.1%
7.9%
0.1%
-10.9%
0.4%
1.5%
-1.1%
-3.0%
6.9%
6.0%
-3.4%
1.4%
0.5%
3.2%
4.4%
2.7%
4.2%
2.4%
6.6%
0.7%

2015
share
of total

13.0%
4.9%
2.9%
20.9%
0.7%
3.0%
1.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
3.1%
0.2%
9.1%
1.0%
0.2%
0.1%
1.8%
2.0%
0.1%
12.4%
0.3%
1.0%
0.1%
0.4%
19.4%
4.2%
4.5%
3.4%
1.1%
1.8%
13.0%

4.0%

0.2%
32.4%
1.6%
2.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
2.6%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
9.1%
0.4%
0.1%
4.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
9.1%
100.0%
24.9%
75.1%
41.4%
58.6%
1.6%
15.6%

*Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and NGLs (natural gas liquids the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass
and derivatives of coal and natural gas.
Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures.

Oil: Consumption in thousands of barrels per day*

Thousand barrels daily

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

20802
2288
2030
25119
451
2123
266
237
169
152
25
606
1302
5332
287
106
151
687
102
210
187
229
1946
2592
412
158
191
1798
184
57
1039
224
487
336
218
2647
80
1593
358
260
658
111
296
1828
103
681
20213
1699
257
411
120
2203
502
1384
6576
249
617
518
1534
2917
881
80
6900
289
2606
1303
5354
637
150
311
314
796
2312
1052
1015
258
313
24569
84726
50062
34664
15154
3641

20687
2295
2019
25002
474
2155
293
237
180
147
29
668
1322
5504
291
96
176
676
105
207
190
222
1942
2609
434
168
191
1791
211
58
1047
229
512
302
214
2762
72
1592
358
266
681
107
308
1813
103
692
20426
1851
248
378
133
2274
539
1288
6711
258
601
528
1542
2928
939
81
7432
309
2737
1244
5174
660
152
354
283
848
2320
1051
996
254
324
25157
85728
49886
35842
15153
3811

20680
2361
2067
25109
528
2313
377
234
183
153
34
640
1318
5780
276
91
162
685
103
205
191
223
1911
2380
435
168
195
1740
234
58
1065
237
531
307
218
2780
76
1613
357
241
695
113
308
1752
94
719
20166
1879
262
383
148
2407
576
1280
6935
286
642
556
1579
3063
921
76
7808
329
2941
1318
5014
701
154
385
295
922
2399
1110
1030
283
349
26035
87087
49685
37402
14860
3839

19490
2315
2054
23860
540
2485
390
251
188
172
37
716
1278
6057
274
74
159
730
102
209
188
222
1889
2502
414
164
187
1661
230
63
991
228
549
291
216
2861
82
1558
350
256
686
116
299
1720
93
724
20086
1954
254
406
176
2622
603
1425
7440
309
686
536
1706
3236
934
77
7941
298
3077
1287
4848
672
154
401
283
974
2308
1005
1018
300
323
25900
86578
48067
38511
14735
3893

18771
2189
1996
22957
532
2502
383
232
191
178
35
726
1275
6054
264
73
182
653
91
204
169
209
1822
2409
398
154
166
1563
188
54
971
237
549
273
195
2775
79
1473
323
260
709
108
282
1646
89
708
19276
2008
232
455
173
2914
594
1479
7855
327
725
510
1754
3315
940
72
8279
339
3237
1297
4389
679
148
437
300
1049
2339
1020
1065
313
342
26244
85700
46073
39627
14020
3761

19180
2324
2014
23518
594
2721
343
258
220
189
39
726
1295
6384
276
71
150
684
81
195
171
219
1763
2445
369
146
158
1532
196
55
977
235
576
271
184
2878
82
1446
336
242
694
119
267
1623
76
703
19223
1875
241
486
192
3218
645
1545
8201
327
766
559
1834
3486
948
80
9436
359
3319
1402
4442
690
150
427
313
1157
2370
1045
1122
337
356
27954
88765
46608
42157
13944
3822

18882
2404
2043
23330
609
2842
371
277
226
208
35
737
1319
6624
262
89
175
644
79
193
168
205
1730
2369
348
138
143
1475
256
53
971
239
574
255
191
3074
81
1378
312
235
673
128
278
1591
71
699
19075
1904
254
465
247
3295
722
1567
8455
350
720
590
1753
3413
990
104
9791
361
3488
1589
4441
717
150
432
298
1209
2394
983
1185
366
395
28893
89790
46068
43722
13506
4135

18490
2372
2063
22926
637
2905
376
297
233
213
32
792
1297
6782
258
92
211
620
82
191
158
194
1676
2356
312
128
135
1346
275
55
926
235
553
230
191
3119
74
1291
309
238
680
132
267
1530
63
676
18605
1915
295
487
258
3462
751
1601
8770
371
747
588
1873
3579
1021
110
10229
344
3685
1631
4688
755
148
411
309
1201
2458
983
1252
372
402
30001
90663
45509
45154
12948
4233

18961
2383
2020
23365
670
3106
362
297
247
228
35
815
1274
7035
264
101
145
637
76
183
158
191
1664
2408
295
128
137
1260
276
53
898
243
520
239
174
3145
75
1195
306
249
703
141
257
1525
60
665
18372
2048
236
513
290
3469
765
1689
9011
390
756
582
1950
3678
1014
107
10732
352
3727
1643
4531
800
151
438
322
1222
2455
1010
1303
377
405
30588
92049
45546
46503
12707
4199

19106
2371
1941
23418
665
3242
360
314
257
229
36
781
1306
7190
260
99
148
637
82
196
162
182
1617
2348
294
142
136
1185
285
53
866
232
521
238
187
3255
71
1191
308
224
743
143
217
1513
59
670
18266
2013
225
514
304
3732
832
1734
9353
400
805
611
1947
3763
993
115
11201
336
3849
1676
4309
803
154
460
347
1270
2454
1019
1313
390
431
31119
93109
45128
47982
12508
4283

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

19396
2322
1926
23644
679
3157
368
331
253
243
38
678
1336
7083
263
99
145
661
88
200
165
177
1606
2338
303
154
143
1262
271
54
835
234
546
243
191
3113
78
1226
299
228
835
146
183
1559
59
677
18380
1947
239
531
324
3895
901
1733
9570
422
824
649
1993
3888
1006
112
11968
368
4159
1628
4150
831
159
517
399
1339
2575
1031
1344
422
436
32444
95008
45643
49365
12712
4091

1.6%
-2.9%
-1.1%
0.9%
2.3%
-4.2%
1.5%
5.6%
-2.3%
6.2%
3.4%
-12.7%
2.2%
-2.1%
0.8%
1.3%
-2.4%
2.3%
7.8%
3.1%
1.4%
-3.2%
-1.0%
-0.2%
3.0%
8.0%
6.0%
6.2%
-5.4%
3.4%
-2.2%
0.7%
5.1%
2.2%
2.0%
-5.2%
11.3%
2.6%
-2.6%
1.5%
12.5%
1.6%
-16.1%
2.4%
-0.1%
0.7%
0.4%
-4.5%
6.8%
3.7%
8.6%
5.0%
6.4%
0.1%
2.1%
5.8%
2.3%
5.9%
2.3%
3.2%
1.8%
-2.8%
6.3%
9.7%
8.1%
-3.2%
-3.9%
3.3%
3.9%
10.5%
14.3%
5.4%
5.3%
1.4%
3.1%
8.4%
1.1%
4.1%
1.9%
1.1%
2.6%
1.5%
-5.1%

2015
share
of total

19.7%
2.3%
1.9%
23.9%
0.7%
3.2%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%

0.7%
1.5%
7.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.8%
2.5%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.9%
0.2%
0.6%
0.3%
0.2%
3.3%
0.1%
1.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.9%
0.1%
0.2%
1.7%
0.1%
0.8%
19.9%
2.1%
0.3%
0.5%
0.3%
3.9%
0.9%
1.9%
9.8%
0.4%
0.9%
0.7%
2.2%
4.2%
1.1%
0.1%
12.9%
0.4%
4.5%
1.7%
4.4%
0.8%
0.2%
0.6%
0.4%
1.6%
2.6%
1.1%
1.3%
0.5%
0.5%
34.7%
100.0%
47.5%
52.5%
13.9%
4.4%

*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are
also included.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute
fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures.

Less

Oil: Production in million tonnes*

Million tonnes

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Italy
Kazakhstan
Norway
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

309.0
142.3
186.6
637.8
39.4
89.1
27.7
28.6
4.5
8.1
169.7
7.4
374.4
22.2
18.5
6.1
61.5
138.7
5.4
474.8
9.5
84.7
5.4
22.0
849.0
207.8
89.9
130.4
38.5
52.6
521.3
22.3
135.7
19.8
9.1
1227.4
86.4
62.9
9.1
12.7
33.2
16.4
13.5
82.2
123.3
n/a
14.5
3.7
8.6
466.4
25.3
10.1
181.4
34.9
53.7
34.6
11.4
19.0
12.4
382.8
3937.8
926.1
3011.7
1690.8
2247.1
126.9
580.3

304.6
150.6
182.7
637.8
39.1
93.8
27.9
28.8
4.6
8.3
171.0
7.1
380.7
32.3
16.8
5.8
65.0
129.0
5.0
485.6
9.2
76.6
5.4
21.7
852.4
210.5
98.0
133.7
36.5
56.8
508.9
21.0
144.3
18.1
8.9
1236.9
86.2
69.6
8.0
14.4
33.2
15.6
12.1
85.3
118.5
n/a
17.5
3.6
11.1
475.1
23.5
10.8
184.8
36.0
50.2
32.7
12.5
17.2
13.1
380.9
3963.9
904.2
3059.7
1711.7
2252.2
115.7
604.3

305.2
155.3
172.3
632.8
37.7
95.2
28.0
27.5
4.6
7.1
165.5
7.1
372.6
42.6
15.2
5.9
67.1
118.6
4.7
496.8
9.8
76.6
4.9
21.6
863.8
212.2
105.1
129.9
35.2
57.6
488.9
20.1
139.6
15.9
9.5
1214.0
86.5
82.5
7.5
11.5
33.8
15.9
12.3
85.3
112.4
n/a
23.8
5.0
9.6
486.1
24.5
9.5
186.3
36.4
47.8
33.8
13.2
16.3
13.9
381.8
3951.2
889.1
3062.0
1692.9
2258.3
113.9
627.9

302.3
152.9
157.0
612.2
36.5
98.9
31.1
27.2
4.7
7.0
165.6
7.1
378.1
44.5
14.0
5.2
70.7
114.8
4.7
493.7
10.4
71.7
4.8
20.6
855.0
213.0
119.3
136.1
37.6
64.7
509.9
20.3
141.4
14.8
9.5
1266.4
85.6
93.5
6.7
12.3
34.7
16.1
12.0
85.5
103.8
n/a
22.6
4.6
9.3
486.6
24.1
8.6
190.4
37.8
49.4
34.0
14.0
15.2
14.9
388.5
3986.8
857.8
3129.0
1745.6
2241.2
106.3
630.5

322.5
152.8
146.8
622.0
33.6
105.8
35.3
26.1
4.8
6.8
155.7
6.6
374.6
50.4
12.9
4.6
76.5
108.7
4.5
500.8
10.5
68.2
4.5
19.9
861.4
205.6
119.9
121.0
40.2
62.6
456.7
20.0
126.2
14.3
9.4
1176.0
77.2
87.6
6.2
14.2
35.3
14.2
12.0
77.4
107.6
n/a
23.4
4.3
9.2
468.6
22.4
8.3
189.5
38.0
48.4
32.2
14.6
16.7
14.4
384.4
3887.0
853.7
3033.3
1623.6
2263.4
99.8
649.2

332.8
160.3
145.7
638.8
33.0
111.4
41.4
26.1
5.1
6.3
145.7
6.9
375.8
50.8
12.2
5.1
79.7
98.8
4.3
511.8
10.8
63.0
3.6
19.2
859.3
211.9
121.5
123.3
42.8
71.1
473.8
19.2
133.3
14.3
9.4
1220.7
73.8
90.5
6.4
16.2
35.0
12.6
12.8
77.6
122.1
n/a
22.8
4.0
8.1
481.8
24.5
8.5
203.0
41.3
48.6
32.6
14.8
15.6
13.8
402.7
3979.1
856.7
3122.4
1670.8
2308.3
93.4
662.8

345.0
169.8
144.6
659.4
30.6
114.1
48.2
26.8
4.9
6.0
141.6
7.0
379.1
45.6
10.9
5.3
80.1
93.8
4.2
518.8
10.8
52.0
3.6
19.2
844.4
212.7
136.7
140.8
43.8
78.0
525.9
17.6
151.3
11.2
9.9
1327.9
71.7
83.8
6.0
15.5
34.6
11.6
12.7
22.5
119.0
n/a
14.3
3.7
10.9
406.3
21.5
8.1
202.9
42.9
46.3
29.4
15.4
15.8
13.0
395.3
4012.4
857.0
3155.4
1710.9
2301.5
81.6
664.7

393.7
182.6
143.9
720.2
30.7
112.1
49.9
27.1
4.9
5.2
139.2
7.3
376.2
43.4
10.0
5.4
79.2
87.3
4.0
526.0
11.2
44.6
3.2
19.2
833.3
180.5
152.5
154.0
45.0
82.2
549.8
8.5
154.8
8.8
9.0
1345.1
67.2
86.9
5.3
15.2
34.7
12.7
12.3
71.1
117.2
1.5
5.1
3.9
10.9
444.0
21.4
7.8
207.5
42.5
44.6
29.8
16.7
17.3
12.7
400.4
4119.2
902.5
3216.7
1782.4
2336.8
72.9
668.6

448.0
195.0
141.9
785.0
30.1
109.8
52.9
28.2
4.8
5.2
137.6
7.4
376.1
43.5
8.7
5.6
81.8
83.2
4.1
531.1
11.7
40.6
3.2
19.6
833.0
169.6
153.2
151.5
46.1
80.2
538.4
3.0
165.5
6.9
10.2
1324.6
64.8
87.3
4.4
14.5
34.4
12.4
11.8
46.4
111.5
4.9
5.8
3.6
12.1
413.9
17.8
6.6
210.0
42.5
42.7
28.5
16.5
17.4
12.0
394.0
4126.6
954.8
3171.7
1734.4
2392.1
68.5
676.5

522.8
209.6
137.1
869.5
29.7
122.1
52.2
29.8
5.3
5.1
138.2
7.6
390.0
42.1
8.1
5.8
80.8
85.3
4.1
534.1
12.1
39.9
3.1
19.2
834.7
174.7
160.3
150.8
46.2
79.6
543.4
1.6
166.6
6.6
10.5
1340.3
68.8
83.0
4.3
14.2
35.1
13.1
11.8
23.3
114.8
7.7
5.9
3.4
12.1
397.5
19.1
6.2
211.4
41.6
41.2
29.8
16.3
18.1
12.9
396.6
4228.7
1042.0
3186.6
1733.3
2495.4
67.2
677.1

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

567.2
215.5
127.6
910.3
29.7
131.8
53.1
29.1
4.7
4.9
135.2
7.4
396.0
41.7
7.7
5.5
79.3
88.0
4.0
540.7
12.7
45.3
3.0
18.7
846.7
182.6
197.0
149.1
46.6
79.3
568.5
1.3
175.5
2.1
10.4
1412.4
68.5
88.7
4.1
14.3
35.6
13.5
11.6
20.2
113.0
7.3
5.2
2.9
13.1
398.0
17.0
6.2
214.6
41.2
40.0
31.9
17.2
17.4
13.1
398.6
4361.9
1087.9
3274.0
1806.6
2555.3
71.7
682.0

8.5%
2.8%
-7.0%
4.7%
0.1%
7.9%
1.7%
-2.4%
-11.1%
-4.8%
-2.1%
-1.8%
1.5%
-1.0%
-5.4%
-5.1%
-1.9%
3.2%
-1.1%
1.2%
5.0%
13.4%
-3.1%
-2.4%
1.4%
4.5%
22.9%
-1.1%
0.8%
-0.4%
4.6%
-18.2%
5.3%
-67.8%
-0.5%
5.4%
-0.4%
6.8%
-4.8%
0.4%
1.4%
3.3%
-1.4%
-13.4%
-1.5%
-4.9%
-12.3%
-14.1%
7.9%
0.1%
-10.9%
0.4%
1.5%
-1.1%
-3.0%
6.9%
6.0%
-3.4%
1.4%
0.5%
3.2%
4.4%
2.7%
4.2%
2.4%
6.6%
0.7%

2015
share
of total

13.0%
4.9%
2.9%
20.9%
0.7%
3.0%
1.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
3.1%
0.2%
9.1%
1.0%
0.2%
0.1%
1.8%
2.0%
0.1%
12.4%
0.3%
1.0%
0.1%
0.4%
19.4%
4.2%
4.5%
3.4%
1.1%
1.8%
13.0%

4.0%

0.2%
32.4%
1.6%
2.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
2.6%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
9.1%
0.4%
0.1%
4.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
9.1%
100.0%
24.9%
75.1%
41.4%
58.6%
1.6%
15.6%

*Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and NGLs (natural gas liquids the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass
and derivatives of coal and natural gas.
n/a not available.
Less than 0.05%.

10

Oil: Consumption in million tonnes*

Million tonnes

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

938.4
99.9
90.8
1129.1
20.8
95.2
12.5
10.9
7.9
7.1
1.2
28.3
64.8
248.6
14.0
5.4
7.5
33.6
4.8
9.9
9.2
11.0
93.1
122.4
20.1
7.4
9.3
86.7
9.0
2.8
50.1
10.2
22.4
16.4
10.5
125.0
3.8
79.3
17.2
12.2
30.7
5.0
13.7
83.8
5.1
33.8
965.3
80.5
12.2
19.5
3.9
94.2
25.0
66.1
301.5
11.0
29.8
24.8
73.2
138.9
39.9
3.9
328.6
14.0
121.9
61.5
247.2
28.0
7.0
15.3
14.8
41.4
104.7
49.2
45.9
12.2
15.1
1150.6
3933.9
2303.1
1630.8
725.5
172.7

930.7
99.4
89.7
1119.7
21.8
96.5
13.9
10.9
8.3
6.9
1.4
31.5
65.9
257.0
14.2
4.8
8.8
33.4
5.0
9.8
9.4
10.6
93.0
123.6
21.3
7.8
9.3
86.7
10.3
2.8
50.8
10.5
23.3
14.6
10.3
130.4
3.4
79.3
17.3
12.6
32.1
4.8
14.2
83.2
5.1
34.4
976.8
87.7
11.7
17.7
4.5
98.4
26.9
61.5
308.4
11.5
28.7
25.3
73.4
138.8
43.0
3.9
352.7
15.2
128.3
58.5
238.0
28.9
7.1
17.6
13.3
44.5
104.7
49.1
44.2
12.0
15.6
1176.5
3977.2
2291.9
1685.3
726.7
180.8

928.8
102.3
92.0
1123.1
24.2
102.7
17.9
10.7
8.5
7.1
1.6
29.7
65.5
267.9
13.4
4.5
8.0
33.8
4.8
9.7
9.4
10.6
91.4
112.5
21.4
7.7
9.4
84.0
11.3
2.8
50.7
10.7
24.2
14.7
10.3
130.0
3.6
80.3
16.9
11.3
32.6
5.1
14.4
80.7
4.7
35.6
960.8
89.6
12.3
17.9
5.2
104.4
28.7
60.8
319.0
12.9
30.6
26.6
74.9
145.0
41.9
3.7
370.2
16.4
138.1
61.8
230.9
30.8
7.1
19.2
13.8
48.3
107.6
51.1
45.5
13.3
16.8
1216.6
4032.3
2278.0
1754.3
710.9
180.7

875.4
101.2
91.6
1068.2
24.9
110.1
18.6
11.7
8.7
8.0
1.8
33.8
63.5
281.1
13.4
3.6
7.9
35.9
4.8
9.9
9.3
10.5
90.8
118.9
20.4
7.5
9.0
80.4
11.0
3.1
47.3
10.4
25.3
14.1
10.4
133.6
3.9
78.0
16.7
12.1
32.1
5.3
14.2
79.5
4.6
35.8
959.5
93.1
12.0
19.0
6.2
114.4
30.2
68.5
343.4
14.0
32.6
25.7
80.9
153.2
42.7
3.8
377.5
14.8
144.7
60.1
224.8
29.5
7.2
20.0
13.3
51.4
103.1
45.9
44.4
14.1
15.6
1212.7
4018.1
2210.2
1807.9
707.5
183.0

833.2
95.0
88.5
1016.7
24.3
110.3
18.2
10.7
8.9
8.2
1.7
34.2
62.8
279.3
12.8
3.3
9.3
31.5
4.3
9.7
8.3
9.9
87.5
113.9
19.5
7.1
8.0
75.1
8.9
2.6
45.9
10.7
25.3
13.2
9.2
128.2
3.7
73.5
15.5
12.3
32.6
5.0
13.5
75.8
4.3
35.0
915.4
95.4
10.8
20.4
6.0
125.9
28.9
71.1
358.6
14.9
34.4
24.2
82.9
156.3
43.1
3.5
392.2
16.9
152.6
59.7
200.4
29.2
6.9
21.8
14.0
55.5
103.7
46.1
45.9
14.6
16.4
1222.4
3948.7
2098.9
1849.7
669.9
175.5

850.1
101.6
88.6
1040.3
28.1
120.0
16.0
11.9
10.3
8.6
1.9
34.2
63.6
294.6
13.4
3.2
7.5
33.0
3.9
9.2
8.4
10.4
84.5
115.4
18.1
6.7
7.6
73.1
9.3
2.7
45.9
10.8
26.7
13.0
8.8
133.3
3.9
72.1
16.2
11.4
31.8
5.5
12.6
74.9
3.6
34.7
911.3
86.8
11.2
21.6
6.5
137.1
30.8
74.3
368.3
14.8
36.3
26.6
86.7
164.5
43.4
3.9
447.9
17.8
155.4
64.2
202.7
29.3
7.0
21.3
14.6
61.0
105.0
47.2
47.7
15.6
16.9
1300.9
4079.9
2119.3
1960.5
665.1
178.0

834.9
105.0
90.3
1030.2
28.3
125.9
17.6
12.8
10.5
9.5
1.7
34.6
64.8
305.6
12.7
4.0
8.6
30.8
3.8
9.0
8.3
9.7
83.0
112.0
17.0
6.3
6.8
70.5
12.3
2.6
46.1
10.6
26.6
12.1
9.1
142.2
3.9
68.8
14.8
11.0
31.1
5.8
13.1
73.7
3.4
34.5
904.3
88.0
11.8
20.4
8.0
139.1
33.3
74.9
375.6
15.8
33.7
28.1
82.7
160.3
45.6
5.1
464.2
18.0
163.0
73.1
203.6
31.0
7.0
21.5
13.8
63.7
105.8
44.5
49.7
16.9
18.7
1345.5
4121.6
2094.1
2027.4
644.8
192.5

817.0
103.3
92.3
1012.6
29.7
128.8
17.5
13.9
10.9
9.6
1.6
37.2
63.9
312.9
12.5
4.2
10.4
29.6
3.9
8.9
7.8
9.2
80.3
111.4
15.3
5.9
6.5
64.2
13.1
2.7
43.7
10.5
25.7
11.0
9.2
144.6
3.6
64.7
14.6
11.2
31.6
6.0
12.5
71.2
3.0
33.4
882.7
89.0
13.9
21.5
8.3
146.2
34.5
76.8
390.3
16.9
35.3
28.2
88.5
168.9
47.2
5.4
486.3
17.2
173.6
74.7
217.0
32.6
7.0
20.5
14.4
63.3
108.8
44.6
52.4
17.3
19.1
1401.2
4168.6
2071.0
2097.6
618.4
197.4

832.1
103.5
89.7
1025.3
31.1
137.4
16.8
13.8
11.6
10.2
1.7
38.1
62.1
322.9
12.7
4.5
7.1
30.2
3.6
8.5
7.7
9.0
79.3
113.4
14.5
5.8
6.5
59.4
13.1
2.6
41.4
10.8
23.8
11.3
8.4
144.9
3.6
59.3
14.4
11.8
32.7
6.2
11.9
70.6
2.9
32.6
864.7
95.5
10.9
22.7
9.4
147.3
35.1
81.0
402.0
17.7
35.7
27.9
92.0
173.3
46.7
5.3
507.2
17.6
175.3
74.6
208.0
34.7
7.1
21.7
14.9
64.0
108.3
45.1
54.6
17.5
19.1
1421.8
4209.9
2057.4
2152.6
602.0
194.1

838.1
103.3
85.2
1026.6
30.9
143.4
16.7
14.6
12.0
10.2
1.8
36.7
63.6
329.8
12.5
4.4
7.3
29.8
3.9
9.1
7.9
8.6
76.9
110.4
14.4
6.5
6.5
55.8
13.5
2.6
39.6
10.2
23.9
11.1
9.0
150.8
3.4
59.0
14.5
10.6
34.4
6.3
10.0
69.9
2.8
32.8
858.6
93.1
10.3
22.7
10.0
160.1
37.6
83.2
417.1
18.2
38.3
29.3
91.4
177.2
45.4
5.7
526.8
16.7
180.8
76.0
197.3
35.0
7.2
22.8
16.1
65.9
107.9
45.4
54.9
18.0
20.4
1442.2
4251.6
2033.8
2217.7
591.2
198.7

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

851.6
100.3
84.3
1036.3
31.6
137.3
16.9
15.5
11.7
10.9
1.8
32.0
65.0
322.7
12.6
4.5
7.1
30.5
4.2
9.4
8.1
8.3
76.1
110.2
14.8
7.0
6.9
59.3
12.7
2.6
38.7
10.2
25.1
11.4
9.1
143.0
3.8
60.5
14.1
10.7
38.8
6.4
8.4
71.6
2.8
33.1
862.2
88.9
11.0
23.6
10.9
168.1
40.0
83.3
425.7
19.3
39.2
31.1
93.5
183.0
46.2
5.5
559.7
18.3
195.5
73.5
189.6
36.2
7.5
25.2
18.4
69.5
113.7
46.0
56.6
19.5
20.6
1501.4
4331.3
2056.4
2274.9
600.2
188.5

1.6%
-2.9%
-1.1%
0.9%
2.3%
-4.2%
1.5%
5.6%
-2.3%
6.2%
3.4%
-12.7%
2.2%
-2.1%
0.8%
1.3%
-2.4%
2.3%
7.8%
3.1%
1.4%
-3.2%
-1.0%
-0.2%
3.0%
8.0%
6.0%
6.2%
-5.4%
3.4%
-2.2%
0.7%
5.1%
2.2%
2.0%
-5.2%
11.3%
2.6%
-2.6%
1.5%
12.5%
1.6%
-16.1%
2.4%
-0.1%
0.7%
0.4%
-4.5%
6.8%
3.7%
8.6%
5.0%
6.4%
0.1%
2.1%
5.8%
2.3%
5.9%
2.3%
3.2%
1.8%
-2.8%
6.3%
9.7%
8.1%
-3.2%
-3.9%
3.3%
3.9%
10.5%
14.3%
5.4%
5.3%
1.4%
3.1%
8.4%
1.1%
4.1%
1.9%
1.1%
2.6%
1.5%
-5.1%

2015
share
of total

19.7%
2.3%
1.9%
23.9%
0.7%
3.2%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%

0.7%
1.5%
7.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.8%
2.5%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.9%
0.2%
0.6%
0.3%
0.2%
3.3%
0.1%
1.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.9%
0.1%
0.2%
1.7%
0.1%
0.8%
19.9%
2.1%
0.3%
0.5%
0.3%
3.9%
0.9%
1.9%
9.8%
0.4%
0.9%
0.7%
2.2%
4.2%
1.1%
0.1%
12.9%
0.4%
4.5%
1.7%
4.4%
0.8%
0.2%
0.6%
0.4%
1.6%
2.6%
1.1%
1.3%
0.5%
0.5%
34.7%
100.0%
47.5%
52.5%
13.9%
4.4%

*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are
also included.
than 0.05%.
Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels,
and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.

Less

11

Oil: Production by region

Oil: Consumption by region

Million barrels daily

Million barrels daily

Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

90

95

00

05

10

15

100

100

90

90

80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

90

95

00

05

10

15

World oil production growth in 2015 significantly exceeded the growth in oil consumption for a second consecutive year. Production grew by 2.8 million b/d, led by
increases in the Middle East (+1.5 million b/d) and North America (+0.9 million b/d). Global oil consumption increased by 1.9 million b/d, nearly double the 10-year average,
with above-average growth driven by OECD countries. The Asia Pacific region accounted for 74% of global growth, with China once again contributing the largest national
increment to global oil consumption growth (+770,000 b/d).

Oil: Consumption per capita 2015

Tonnes

0-0.75
0.75-1.5
1.5-2.25
2.25-3.0
> 3.0

12

Oil: Regional consumption by product group

Thousand barrels daily

North America
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total North America
of which: US
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total US
S. & Cent. America
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Europe & Eurasia
of which: CIS
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total CIS
of which: European Union
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total European Union
Middle East
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Middle East
Africa
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Africa
Asia Pacific
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Asia Pacific
of which: China
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total China
of which: Japan
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Japan
World
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total World
OECD
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total OECD
Non-OECD
Light distillates
Middle distillates
Fuel oil
Others
Total Non-OECD

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

2015
share
of total

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

11019
7249
1396
5455
25119

11131
7297
1055
5519
25002

11200
7318
1081
5509
25109

10859
6934
941
5126
23860

10839
6281
801
5036
22957

10950
6567
810
5191
23518

10697
6694
745
5194
23330

10572
6409
662
5283
22926

10772
6518
576
5498
23365

10837
6801
447
5332
23418

11064
6785
418
5376
23644

2.1%
-0.2%
-6.4%
0.8%
1.0%

46.8%
28.7%
1.8%
22.7%
100.0%

9548
6198
914
4143
20802

9599
6226
683
4178
20687

9597
6199
718
4166
20680

9253
5801
609
3827
19490

9257
5241
508
3766
18771

9263
5464
532
3921
19180

9022
5518
459
3883
18882

8932
5278
367
3913
18490

9125
5371
317
4147
18961

9164
5632
256
4054
19106

9395
5627
259
4115
19396

2.5%
-0.1%
1.0%
1.5%
1.5%

48.4%
29.0%
1.3%
21.2%
100.0%

1480
1903
767
1181
5332

1505
1930
791
1278
5504

1605
2127
793
1254
5780

1685
2187
811
1375
6057

1791
2155
771
1337
6054

1888
2380
747
1369
6384

1959
2501
725
1439
6624

2006
2622
723
1430
6782

2115
2741
713
1466
7035

2182
2751
767
1490
7190

2211
2718
741
1413
7083

1.3%
-1.2%
-3.4%
-5.2%
-1.5%

31.2%
38.4%
10.5%
20.0%
100.0%

5006
8666
2284
4257
20213

4918
8910
2304
4295
20426

4931
8883
2061
4291
20166

4763
9159
1972
4192
20086

4657
8764
1794
4061
19276

4659
8965
1655
3945
19223

4445
8979
1631
4020
19075

4322
8871
1499
3914
18605

4269
8878
1388
3837
18372

4206
8832
1383
3845
18266

4178
9098
1239
3864
18380

-0.7%
3.0%
-10.4%
0.5%
0.6%

22.7%
49.5%
6.7%
21.0%
100.0%

1055
1083
502
1001
3641

1105
1149
558
999
3811

1170
1218
424
1027
3839

1231
1283
397
982
3893

1211
1167
379
1004
3761

1265
1265
350
941
3822

1271
1409
373
1083
4135

1299
1433
361
1139
4233

1337
1409
369
1084
4199

1323
1384
434
1141
4283

1321
1312
342
1116
4091

-0.2%
-5.2%
-21.1%
-2.2%
-4.5%

32.3%
32.1%
8.4%
27.3%
100.0%

3693
6970
1582
2910
15154

3549
7107
1564
2933
15153

3514
6980
1473
2893
14860

3303
7153
1428
2851
14735

3192
6882
1276
2669
14020

3155
6988
1193
2607
13944

2953
6846
1149
2558
13506

2812
6691
1028
2417
12948

2720
6681
909
2398
12707

2674
6622
839
2373
12508

2641
6876
796
2399
12712

-1.2%
3.8%
-5.2%
1.1%
1.6%

20.8%
54.1%
6.3%
18.9%
100.0%

1406
2058
1519
1592
6576

1485
2102
1535
1588
6711

1479
2272
1581
1602
6935

1592
2315
1770
1763
7440

1633
2403
1918
1901
7855

1697
2412
1959
2133
8201

1760
2538
1991
2166
8455

1818
2658
2060
2234
8770

1900
2764
2106
2242
9011

1967
2758
2201
2426
9353

2036
2744
2277
2512
9570

3.5%
-0.5%
3.4%
3.5%
2.3%

21.3%
28.7%
23.8%
26.2%
100.0%

705
1248
459
505
2917

689
1307
425
507
2928

709
1395
427
532
3063

766
1482
440
548
3236

801
1516
438
560
3315

835
1612
457
580
3486

824
1621
392
576
3413

878
1672
438
590
3579

875
1765
447
591
3678

901
1824
444
593
3763

960
1877
448
604
3888

6.5%
2.9%
0.8%
1.8%
3.3%

24.7%
48.3%
11.5%
15.5%
100.0%

6758
9036
3448
5327
24569

7020
9120
3525
5493
25157

7402
9300
3578
5755
26035

7450
9390
3359
5701
25900

7685
9393
3047
6118
26244

8313
9916
3050
6674
27954

8512
10332
3121
6929
28893

8951
10762
3209
7080
30001

9465
10942
2969
7212
30588

9742
11037
2835
7506
31119

10390
11338
2848
7868
32444

6.6%
2.7%
0.5%
4.8%
4.3%

32.0%
34.9%
8.8%
24.3%
100.0%

1515
2509
899
1977
6900

1713
2682
954
2083
7432

1846
2859
906
2198
7808

1975
3078
724
2164
7941

2046
3127
662
2443
8279

2406
3452
666
2912
9436

2588
3668
588
2948
9791

2774
3963
560
2932
10229

3102
4068
564
2998
10732

3316
4114
592
3179
11201

3616
4255
633
3463
11968

9.0%
3.4%
7.0%
8.9%
6.8%

30.2%
35.6%
5.3%
28.9%
100.0%

1780
1878
676
1021
5354

1758
1760
657
999
5174

1731
1621
657
1005
5014

1615
1502
707
1024
4848

1636
1381
450
922
4389

1696
1391
442
913
4442

1635
1343
577
887
4441

1616
1360
811
901
4688

1650
1353
636
893
4531

1578
1319
537
874
4309

1614
1282
440
815
4150

2.2%
-2.8%
-18.1%
-6.8%
-3.7%

38.9%
30.9%
10.6%
19.6%
100.0%

26373
30160
9874
18318
84726

26748
30665
9635
18679
85728

27325
31296
9522
18945
87087

27114
31466
9293
18706
86578

27407
30513
8768
19013
85700

28342
31852
8678
19892
88765

28197
32664
8605
20324
89790

28547
32993
8591
20531
90663

29396
33608
8199
20846
92049

29836
34003
8077
21193
93109

30840
34559
7971
21638
95008

3.4%
1.6%
-1.3%
2.1%
2.0%

32.5%
36.4%
8.4%
22.8%
100.0%

18015
17662
4184
10201
50062

17998
17774
3780
10333
49886

18100
17618
3691
10276
49685

17384
17307
3489
9887
48067

17358
16228
2891
9597
46073

17529
16653
2773
9653
46608

17063
16642
2775
9588
46068

16874
16296
2815
9524
45509

17011
16436
2418
9681
45546

16991
16656
2080
9401
45128

17289
16988
1926
9439
45643

1.8%
2.0%
-7.4%
0.4%
1.1%

37.9%
37.2%
4.2%
20.7%
100.0%

8358
12498
5691
8117
34664

8750
12891
5855
8346
35842

9225
13678
5831
8669
37402

9730
14159
5804
8819
38511

10049
14285
5878
9416
39627

10814
15199
5905
10239
42157

11135
16022
5830
10736
43722

11673
16697
5777
11008
45154

12384
17173
5781
11165
46503

12845
17347
5997
11793
47982

13551
17571
6045
12199
49365

5.5%
1.3%
0.8%
3.4%
2.9%

27.4%
35.6%
12.2%
24.7%
100.0%

Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
Light distillates consists of aviation and motor gasolines and light distillate feedstock (LDF).
Middle distillates consists of jet and heating kerosenes, and gas and diesel oils (including marine bunkers).
Fuel oil includes marine bunkers and crude oil used directly as fuel.
Others consists of refinery gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), solvents, petroleum coke, lubricants, bitumen, wax, other refined products and refinery fuel and loss.
An extended breakdown of oil consumption by product group is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

13

Spot crude prices

US dollars per barrel

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Dubai
$/bbl*

Brent
$/bbl

Nigerian
Forcados
$/bbl

West Texas
Intermediate
$/bbl

35.69
34.32
31.80
28.78
28.06
27.53
13.10
16.95
13.27
15.62
20.45
16.63
17.17
14.93
14.74
16.10
18.52
18.23
12.21
17.25
26.20
22.81
23.74
26.78
33.64
49.35
61.50
68.19
94.34
61.39
78.06
106.18
109.08
105.47
97.07
51.20

36.83
35.93
32.97
29.55
28.78
27.56
14.43
18.44
14.92
18.23
23.73
20.00
19.32
16.97
15.82
17.02
20.67
19.09
12.72
17.97
28.50
24.44
25.02
28.83
38.27
54.52
65.14
72.39
97.26
61.67
79.50
111.26
111.67
108.66
98.95
52.39

36.98
36.18
33.29
29.54
28.14
27.75
14.46
18.39
15.00
18.30
23.85
20.11
19.61
17.41
16.25
17.26
21.16
19.33
12.62
18.00
28.42
24.23
25.04
28.66
38.13
55.69
67.07
74.48
101.43
63.35
81.05
113.65
114.21
111.95
101.35
54.41

37.96
36.08
33.65
30.30
29.39
27.98
15.10
19.18
15.97
19.68
24.50
21.54
20.57
18.45
17.21
18.42
22.16
20.61
14.39
19.31
30.37
25.93
26.16
31.07
41.49
56.59
66.02
72.20
100.06
61.92
79.45
95.04
94.13
97.99
93.28
48.71

*1980-1985 Arabian Light, 1986-2015 Dubai dated.

1980-1983 Forties, 1984-2015 Brent dated.
1980-1983 Posted WTI prices, 1984-2015 Spot WTI (Cushing) prices.

Source: Platts.

Crude oil prices 1861-2015

US dollars per barrel
World events

Yom Kippur war

Post-war reconstruction

Fears of shortage in US
Growth of Venezuelan
production

Pennsylvanian
oil boom

Russian
oil exports
began

East Texas field

discovered

Sumatra
Discovery of
production Spindletop,
began
Texas

Iranian revolution

Loss of Iranian
supplies

Netback pricing
introduced

Suez crisis

Iraq
invaded
Kuwait

Asian financial crisis

Invasion
of Iraq

Arab
Spring

130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1861-69

1870-79

1880-89

1890-99

1900-09

1910-19

$ 2015 (deflated using the Consumer Price Index for the US)
$ money of the day

14

1920-29

1930-39

1940-49

1950-59

1960-69

1970-79

1980-89

1990-99

2000-09

2010-19

1861-1944 US average.
1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura.
1984-2015 Brent dated.

Oil product prices (Rotterdam)

Product differentials to crude

(Rotterdam products minus Dated Brent)

US dollars per barrel

US dollars per barrel

160

Gasoline
Gas oil
Heavy fuel oil

140

40

Gasoline
Gas oil
Heavy fuel oil

30
20

120

10

100

80
-10

60
-20

40

-30

20
00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

-40
00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

-50

Source: Platts.

Source: Platts.

Regional refining margins

US dollars per barrel
25

20

15

10

USGC Medium Sour Coking

NWE Light Sweet Cracking
Singapore Medium Sour Hydrocracking
05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

-5

15

Note: The refining margins presented are benchmark margins for three major global refining centres: US Gulf Coast (USGC), North West Europe (NWE Rotterdam)
and Singapore. In each case they are based on a single crude oil appropriate for that region and have optimized product yields based on a generic refinery configuration
(cracking, hydrocracking or coking), again appropriate for that region. The margins are on a semi-variable basis, i.e. the margin after all variable costs and fixed energy costs.

Refinery utilization
Percentage (based on average annual capacity)
100

90

80

70

North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
05

06

Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
World
07

60

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

50

Global crude runs rose by 1.8 million b/d in 2015, led by Europe and China. Europe recorded its largest increase in crude runs since 1986. Global refining capacity growth
slowed to 450,000 b/d, the lowest in 23 years. Capacity in Asia Pacific fell for the first time since 1988. Global average refinery utilization rose by 1% to 82.1%, the fastest
increase in 5 years.

15

Oil: Refinery throughput

Thousand barrels daily*

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Curacao
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

15220
1883
1284
18387
538
1703
209
299
215
151
173
165
1013
1004
5471
177
148
398
644
124
155
155
200
1711
2300
374
141
66
1890
218
187
1258
289
376
263
279
4172
109
1195
413
96
520
141
369
1619
105
205
20297
1624
199
863
100
2002
393
1246
6428
356
633
426
1045
2461
569
23
5832
2561
980
4136
509
96
231
207
1176
2335
1042
910
9
101
20716
73759
39883
33876
13735
5552

15242
1835
1270
18347
568
1708
217
315
205
152
165
152
1022
957
5461
172
150
427
631
143
158
159
208
1655
2245
379
139
63
1847
225
168
1226
307
396
265
266
4423
113
1210
415
109
530
137
289
1533
105
189
20284
1674
202
898
114
1992
398
1211
6489
382
631
399
949
2360
561
26
6235
2860
913
4026
522
97
222
211
1155
2407
1000
926
9
104
21274
74214
39619
34595
13485
5758

15156
1908
1261
18325
600
1741
201
313
209
150
172
154
1004
969
5515
174
150
429
662
143
149
157
218
1654
2193
385
142
67
1863
229
118
1204
305
402
247
280
4597
120
1159
369
94
518
144
279
1528
95
199
20273
1719
189
923
119
1936
373
1168
6427
391
653
382
913
2339
577
25
6594
3107
904
3995
557
91
238
206
1163
2417
992
922
10
94
21893
74772
39406
35366
13333
5926

14648
1839
1295
17782
578
1760
204
313
197
155
169
150
1010
964
5501
176
147
427
675
143
165
156
222
1676
2151
360
140
62
1741
236
195
1160
279
417
241
282
4742
117
1174
413
101
490
149
243
1533
93
184
20290
1780
215
906
116
2018
368
1344
6746
429
617
396
942
2384
536
25
6828
3213
910
3946
560
99
226
184
1161
2365
900
927
10
94
21983
74686
38595
36091
13286
6040

14336
1773
1184
17293
532
1781
192
302
183
156
190
152
961
808
5256
169
121
434
629
125
148
157
220
1449
2026
346
127
55
1614
235
174
1143
278
408
209
247
4765
114
1057
394
95
375
152
255
1440
88
200
19249
1829
220
869
135
1928
397
1257
6636
475
598
351
841
2265
542
18
7452
3641
900
3627
554
95
209
147
844
2297
956
938
43
98
22361
73060
36719
36341
12345
6053

14724
1832
1184
17740
531
1787
159
299
64
137
192
126
969
709
4973
158
124
330
668
110
159
146
211
1314
1915
393
128
60
1673
257
190
1189
259
458
227
217
5020
110
1060
406
90
392
170
249
1395
73
185
19336
1833
226
892
255
1922
427
1329
6883
548
580
390
908
2425
569
26
8408
3899
853
3619
470
99
190
181
979
2390
876
963
123
97
23742
75099
37212
37887
12270
6226

14806
1734
1166
17707
516
1813
173
306
164
156
184
137
991
716
5157
168
127
411
598
102
143
137
225
1313
1876
331
132
59
1570
326
189
1144
289
482
206
194
5185
120
1051
374
87
394
165
206
1433
69
158
19267
1873
218
852
255
1884
449
1350
6881
520
523
410
725
2179
589
27
8686
4085
880
3410
516
108
193
190
1035
2533
809
937
124
100
24220
75411
36870
38541
11915
6492

14999
1802
1199
18000
530
1889
164
303
165
152
182
107
936
324
4753
170
124
434
634
118
145
153
215
1138
1901
410
122
61
1475
331
181
1144
287
505
221
182
5436
108
1186
417
68
398
157
108
1348
62
134
19374
1937
219
916
247
1953
451
1303
7027
478
534
415
789
2216
563
24
9199
4302
820
3400
575
109
192
170
1020
2582
897
978
142
89
25062
76432
37145
39287
11895
6654

15312
1767
1224
18303
527
2035
174
289
170
141
179
132
952
295
4893
174
132
425
555
113
134
144
227
1117
1857
399
120
57
1259
341
192
1044
292
488
239
189
5633
116
1168
332
97
421
160
85
1197
71
138
18917
1975
231
873
248
1876
464
1306
6974
492
507
408
792
2199
552
27
9599
4462
822
3453
558
105
223
158
936
2484
847
1078
145
97
25546
76832
36739
40092
11181
6851

15848
1735
1155
18738
526
2085
174
230
189
125
181
105
920
298
4834
172
135
448
645
104
151
139
225
1096
1833
416
131
55
1198
362
160
1067
274
486
217
194
5912
105
1185
381
98
406
163
69
1125
70
128
19149
1919
239
879
250
2243
472
1144
7147
615
512
407
647
2181
506
24
10155
4473
848
3289
553
101
232
168
796
2516
850
1029
125
96
25759
77808
36968
40840
11132
7163

*Atmospheric distillation capacity on a calendar-day basis.

Less than 0.05%.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.

16

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

16207
1705
1064
18976
536
1984
165
227
191
121
185
125
830
302
4666
173
129
491
644
121
144
147
197
1151
1876
433
130
68
1341
337
174
1138
293
532
281
208
5764
119
1304
401
56
512
163
22
1136
70
147
19704
1847
245
907
256
2445
658
1032
7390
594
522
407
549
2072
401
25
10661
4561
872
3258
557
109
257
212
897
2783
838
1132
145
94
26802
79609
38015
41594
11774
6981

2.3%
-1.7%
-7.9%
1.3%
1.7%
-4.8%
-5.1%
-1.3%
0.9%
-3.7%
2.2%
19.8%
-9.8%
1.2%
-3.5%
0.6%
-4.5%
9.6%
-0.2%
16.6%
-4.2%
6.2%
-12.6%
5.1%
2.4%
4.3%
-0.8%
22.6%
11.9%
-6.7%
8.6%
6.6%
6.9%
9.5%
29.3%
7.0%
-2.5%
13.6%
10.0%
5.4%
-42.7%
26.1%
0.1%
-67.7%
1.0%

15.2%
2.9%
-3.8%
2.5%
3.1%
2.4%
9.0%
39.3%
-9.8%
3.4%
-3.4%
2.0%

-15.2%
-5.0%
-20.7%
3.9%
5.0%
2.0%
2.9%
-0.9%
0.7%
7.7%
10.8%
26.2%
12.7%
10.6%
-1.4%
10.1%
16.1%
-2.1%
4.0%
2.3%
2.8%
1.8%
5.8%
-2.5%

2015
share
of total

20.4%
2.1%
1.3%
23.8%
0.7%
2.5%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.0%
0.4%
5.9%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
0.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.4%
2.4%
0.5%
0.2%
0.1%
1.7%
0.4%
0.2%
1.4%
0.4%
0.7%
0.4%
0.3%
7.2%
0.1%
1.6%
0.5%
0.1%
0.6%
0.2%

1.4%
0.1%
0.2%
24.8%
2.3%
0.3%
1.1%
0.3%
3.1%
0.8%
1.3%
9.3%
0.7%
0.7%
0.5%
0.7%
2.6%
0.5%

13.4%
5.7%
1.1%
4.1%
0.7%
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
1.1%
3.5%
1.1%
1.4%
0.2%
0.1%
33.7%
100.0%
47.8%
52.2%
14.8%
8.8%

Source: Includes data from ICIS.

Oil: Refinery capacities

Thousand barrels daily*

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Curacao
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

17339
1896
1463
20698
615
1942
238
311
320
177
223
165
1291
1144
6426
201
205
460
756
205
193
189
261
1978
2322
418
165
75
2515
330
241
1274
316
507
306
389
5408
122
1377
436
140
613
240
525
1819
232
430
24649
1692
728
270
936
137
2107
620
841
7331
443
810
520
1385
3158
718
33
7752
2558
1057
4531
522
102
269
280
1420
2598
1159
1078
11
212
24300
86562
45139
41423
15922
7410

17443
1914
1463
20821
617
1942
234
324
320
177
223
165
1294
1150
6446
201
205
460
766
205
193
189
261
1959
2390
425
165
75
2526
330
241
1274
316
498
306
389
5524
122
1362
436
140
613
240
525
1836
232
411
24815
1772
743
270
936
137
2107
620
957
7542
443
810
520
1262
3035
694
33
8476
2872
1157
4588
528
102
271
276
1422
2633
1140
1100
11
212
25515
88173
45396
42778
15991
7526

17594
1907
1463
20964
628
1960
242
324
320
175
223
165
1303
1192
6532
201
205
460
781
175
193
189
261
1962
2390
425
165
75
2377
330
241
1236
316
493
306
389
5481
122
1362
436
140
613
240
526
1819
232
411
24554
1772
738
272
936
137
2107
625
972
7559
443
810
520
1264
3037
733
33
8751
2983
1147
4650
534
103
271
270
1427
2679
1197
1100
11
212
26100
88746
45506
43240
15772
7484

17672
1951
1463
21086
628
1973
242
326
320
175
230
165
1303
1176
6538
201
205
460
786
175
193
189
261
1971
2366
425
165
75
2396
330
241
1280
316
492
306
358
5397
122
1362
436
140
613
270
566
1827
232
408
24565
1805
738
275
936
137
2107
680
978
7656
444
810
520
1339
3113
734
33
9163
2992
1052
4650
568
103
274
270
1427
2712
1197
1165
11
214
26564
89521
45724
43797
15800
7470

17584
1976
1463
21023
625
1988
242
336
320
175
252
165
1303
900
6306
201
205
460
786
180
193
189
261
1842
2362
425
165
75
2396
330
241
1280
316
491
306
283
5435
122
1362
436
140
613
300
582
1757
232
430
24396
1860
853
275
936
283
2109
700
978
7994
554
810
520
1199
3083
734
36
9479
3574
1085
4630
572
136
273
267
1427
2746
1197
1236
159
219
27768
90570
45503
45067
15525
7554

17736
1913
1463
21113
625
1988
242
336
320
175
252
165
1303
901
6307
201
205
460
787
195
193
189
261
1702
2091
490
165
75
2396
330
241
1274
316
560
306
247
5573
122
1421
436
140
613
300
474
1757
232
434
24188
1860
914
280
936
283
2109
700
978
8060
554
822
520
1301
3197
740
36
10302
3703
1141
4291
582
136
277
264
1427
2774
1197
1230
159
219
28477
91341
45071
46270
15283
7588

17322
2040
1606
20967
625
2010
250
336
320
175
252
165
1303
1013
6449
193
205
460
788
195
193
181
261
1610
2077
495
165
75
2276
330
241
1276
316
580
306
229
5731
122
1542
436
140
613
300
474
1787
232
414
24244
1860
935
292
936
283
2107
705
978
8096
652
840
520
1247
3259
742
36
10834
3795
1041
4274
601
136
277
261
1427
2864
1197
1230
159
220
29094
92110
44959
47151
15201
7742

17824
2050
1606
21479
657
2001
254
336
320
175
252
165
1303
356
5819
193
205
460
753
195
178
181
261
1513
2097
498
165
75
2113
330
241
1274
316
582
306
214
5836
122
1546
436
106
613
300
248
1526
232
436
23551
1952
971
292
936
283
2107
710
978
8229
652
840
520
1453
3465
663
37
11933
4279
1041
4254
606
136
275
261
1422
2878
1197
1230
159
220
30590
93133
44810
48323
14641
7621

17925
1965
1606
21495
657
2093
254
336
320
175
253
165
1303
364
5920
193
205
460
776
195
178
181
261
1375
2061
498
165
75
1876
350
241
1274
316
582
306
235
6245
122
1546
436
140
613
300
262
1498
232
437
23635
1985
823
294
936
283
2507
710
864
8402
647
840
520
1563
3569
662
40
13304
4319
1077
4123
612
136
390
270
1414
2878
1197
1237
159
226
32043
95065
44314
50751
14247
8065

17889
1965
1602
21456
657
2235
258
336
320
175
253
165
1303
371
6073
193
205
460
776
195
178
180
261
1375
2077
498
165
75
1915
350
241
1274
316
582
306
228
6352
122
1546
436
140
613
300
248
1337
232
454
23632
1985
931
301
936
283
2899
1143
864
9342
651
840
520
1578
3589
536
40
14109
4319
1055
3749
612
136
390
271
1514
3110
1197
1252
159
233
32682
96772
43912
52860
14134
8175

*Atmospheric distillation capacity at year end on a calendar-day basis.

Less than 0.05%.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

18315
1966
1602
21883
657
2278
258
421
320
175
253
165
1303
392
6222
193
205
460
776
195
178
180
261
1375
2032
498
165
75
1915
350
241
1293
316
581
306
246
6428
122
1546
436
68
613
300
248
1337
232
463
23635
1985
933
301
936
283
2899
1143
864
9344
651
840
520
1578
3589
443
40
14262
4307
1116
3721
612
136
390
271
1514
3110
988
1252
159
233
32554
97227
44120
53107
14124
8260

2.4%
0.1%

2.0%

1.9%

25.3%

5.7%
2.5%

-2.1%

1.4%

-0.1%

7.5%
1.2%

-51.4%

2.0%

0.2%

-17.4%

1.1%
-0.3%
5.8%
-0.8%

-17.5%

-0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
-0.1%
1.0%

2015
share
of total

18.8%
2.0%
1.6%
22.5%
0.7%
2.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
1.3%
0.4%
6.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.5%
0.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
1.4%
2.1%
0.5%
0.2%
0.1%
2.0%
0.4%
0.2%
1.3%
0.3%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
6.6%
0.1%
1.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
1.4%
0.2%
0.5%
24.3%
2.0%
1.0%
0.3%
1.0%
0.3%
3.0%
1.2%
0.9%
9.6%
0.7%
0.9%
0.5%
1.6%
3.7%
0.5%

14.7%
4.4%
1.1%
3.8%
0.6%
0.1%
0.4%
0.3%
1.6%
3.2%
1.0%
1.3%
0.2%
0.2%
33.5%
100.0%
45.4%
54.6%
14.5%
8.5%

Source: Includes data from ICIS.

17

Oil: Trade movements

Thousand barrels daily

Imports
US
Europe
China
Japan
Rest of World
Total World
Exports
US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
Asia Pacific
Rest of World
Total World

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

2015
share
of total

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

13525
13354
3427
5225
16654
52185

13612
13530
3883
5201
17352
53578

13632
14034
4172
5032
19748
56619

12872
13885
4494
4925
19550
55726

11453
12608
5100
4263
20023
53447

11689
12201
5886
4567
20025
54368

11338
12272
6295
4494
20773
55171

10587
12569
6675
4743
21213
55787

9859
12815
6978
4637
23668
57957

9240
12619
7398
4383
24542
58182

9401
13648
8196
4346
25631
61223

1.7%
8.2%
10.8%
-0.8%
4.4%
5.2%

15.4%
22.3%
13.4%
7.1%
41.9%
100.0%

1129
2201
2065
3528
2231
6878
1118
19821
3070
4358
4243
1542
52185

1317
2330
2102
3681
2241
6792
1312
20204
3225
4704
4312
1359
53578

1439
2457
1975
3570
2305
7827
1538
19680
3336
4830
6004
1656
56619

1967
2498
1609
3616
2086
7540
1680
20128
3260
4587
5392
1363
55726

1947
2518
1449
3748
2074
7257
1790
18409
2938
4364
5631
1323
53447

2154
2599
1539
3568
1949
7397
1944
18883
2871
4601
6226
637
54368

2495
2798
1487
3755
2106
7448
2080
19687
1945
4637
6088
646
55171

2682
3056
1366
3830
2193
7457
1848
19581
2596
4557
6299
322
55787

3563
3296
1347
3790
2578
7948
2102
20000
2125
4428
6307
476
57957

4034
3534
1293
3922
2531
7842
1940
19945
1695
4515
6425
507
58182

4636
3828
1372
4068
2905
8253
1875
20619
1632
4458
7006
571
61223

14.9%
8.3%
6.1%
3.7%
14.8%
5.2%
-3.3%
3.4%
-3.7%
-1.3%
9.0%
12.6%
5.2%

7.6%
6.3%
2.2%
6.6%
4.7%
13.5%
3.1%
33.7%
2.7%
7.3%
11.4%
0.9%
100.0%

Japan Singapore

Other
Asia
Pacific

Total

Excludes Japan. Excludes trade between other Asia Pacific countries and India prior to 2007.

North and West African exports excludes intra-Africa trade.

Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.

Oil: Inter-area movements 2015

To
Crude (million tonnes)
From

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total imports

US

Canada

Mexico

S. & Cent.
America

Europe

Russia

Other
CIS

Middle
East

157.8
34.3
79.7
1.3
1.4
0.7
74.1
0.4
13.6

0.5

0.1

2.2
366.0

21.0

0.6
0.8

0.6
4.1
2.3
3.2

32.7

0.4

0.4

1.2
0.9

4.9
1.1
10.8

0.4

20.1

1.8
1.4
13.7
14.6

158.5
56.0
108.3
48.4
85.3

488.1

2.9

2.9

23.2

23.2

0.2

0.2
6.6

0.3

0.4

0.1
7.9

0.3

0.4
0.9
0.7
12.9

15.2

28.0
3.3
8.3
22.3
15.6
0.9
0.9
5.3
2.2

0.3
3.9
0.8
0.9
5.4
98.1

25.2

0.1
3.3
0.2
0.1

0.2
0.1

0.1

29.3

32.9

0.3
3.5
0.1

0.1

0.1
37.0

68.7
0.2
1.4

6.9
0.9

1.7
3.0
0.1
0.1

3.7
3.0
0.7
0.1
0.8
91.3

34.2
0.8

4.0

88.9
7.3
23.5
6.5
1.7
0.2

2.3
10.8
0.2
0.5
3.1
184.0

0.2

1.4

0.3

2.0

2.9
9.5

0.3

0.1

12.9

1.9

0.1
12.8
4.4
0.1

0.2

0.7

1.1
14.1
0.1
0.6
0.9
37.1

6.2

0.5
43.7
2.6

15.8

1.4
6.2

5.1
1.6
83.2

Africa Australasia

China

India

1.6

6.3

2.4

0.1

14.1
24.5

0.1
0.1
0.8
41.7
2.1
42.4
5.3
170.4
3.9
52.3
8.3
2.4

5.9
335.8

6.3
29.2
0.7
0.1
1.4
114.5
3.6
33.5
0.2

0.4

0.3

4.9
195.1

2.2
3.2

14.2
1.0
139.7

1.0

1.5

4.9
167.8

0.1

0.1

0.9
0.1
37.5
0.2
0.1

0.9

5.8
45.7

0.4

2.0
3.2
3.6
10.3
5.8
206.9
1.3
13.3

5.0
0.4

0.1

252.3

24.5
159.4
59.8
172.4
10.2
254.7
81.0
879.6
61.5
215.5
8.4
9.2
2.8
0.2
0.3
0.1
37.8
1977.2

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.1

1.2
1.2
3.6
8.6
9.2
25.8

8.9
0.4
0.3
4.9
2.3
3.8
0.3
3.4

0.1

0.1

1.1
2.1
9.6
32.1
69.5

3.8
0.1

0.3
0.1

15.2
0.4

0.6

1.2
1.6
23.3

7.9
0.5

0.1
0.9
1.9

17.8
1.3
0.3

1.0
0.7
2.3

0.9
11.0
46.7

4.6

2.3
9.7
23.0
13.9
0.6
14.3
0.3
0.7
0.2
1.3
7.0
6.0
4.0

37.8
125.7

3.6

0.8
0.8
6.5
8.4
1.1
47.3
2.1
1.0
0.3
0.6
17.7
6.3
5.8
61.1

163.3

198.3
30.0
8.2
29.0
129.2
150.1
11.9
141.3
19.0
6.2
1.5
3.0
36.7
55.0
17.4
88.7
103.6
1029.3

Product (million tonnes)

From

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total imports
Less than 0.05.

18

Major trade movements 2015

Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes)

36.0

247.4
4
23.7

46.2

63.3
32.6
15
157.5

185.8
18
85.8
.
46.2

13
31.8

87.0
32.9

54 9
54.9

173.9
17

44.1
44
44.1
1

37.6

5 8
51.8
75.0
69.1

28.
8..7
8.7

88.0

38.1

129.
9.
9.7
61.1

254.3
43.6
6

23.3

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific

33.5
52.4

29.2
46.6

Oil trade in 2014 and 2015

2014

2015

Million tonnes

Crude
imports

Product
imports

Crude
exports

Product
exports

Crude
imports

Product
imports

Crude
exports

Product
exports

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total World

365.7
29.0

23.4
449.7
1.5
23.2
10.9
9.7
0.5
11.1
26.8
309.2
188.4
168.5
45.5
241.6
1904.4

90.7
26.6
31.8
86.3
171.6
3.0
13.7
43.7
29.2
26.6
23.4
21.7
56.9
16.9
47.8
109.1
154.6
953.7

17.8
148.5
56.5
162.5
10.1
241.2
80.7
852.0
61.8
216.9
9.3
11.4
0.6

35.0
1904.4

175.9
26.3
7.5
31.5
111.3
143.5
15.3
135.7
21.7
7.6
1.7
3.4
31.4
57.7
13.6
81.6
88.1
953.7

366.0
32.7

20.1
488.1
2.9
23.2
7.9
8.1
0.5
6.7
24.5
335.8
195.1
167.8
45.7
252.3
1977.2

98.1
29.3
37.0
91.3
184.0
2.0
12.9
37.1
32.7
28.1
22.4
25.8
69.5
23.3
46.7
125.7
163.3
1029.3

24.5
159.4
59.8
172.4
10.2
254.7
81.0
879.6
61.5
215.5
8.4
9.2
2.8
0.2
0.3
0.1
37.8
1977.2

198.3
30.0
8.2
29.0
129.2
150.1
11.9
141.3
19.0
6.2
1.5
3.0
36.7
55.0
17.4
88.7
103.6
1029.3

7343
582

470
9031
30
465
218
194
10
224
538
6209
3783
3384
914
4852
38245

1897
556
664
1804
3588
62
287
914
610
555
490
453
1189
354
999
2282
3232
19937

357
2983
1135
3264
204
4843
1620
17109
1241
4356
187
230
12
1

702
38245

3677
550
157
658
2327
2999
320
2836
454
159
36
70
657
1207
283
1706
1841
19937

7351
657

404
9801
57
465
158
162
9
134
491
6743
3919
3370
918
5067
39707

2050
613
774
1908
3847
41
269
776
683
588
467
540
1453
488
976
2628
3415
21516

491
3200
1201
3462
204
5115
1626
17665
1235
4327
170
184
57
3
6
1
759
39707

4145
627
171
605
2701
3139
249
2954
397
130
32
63
767
1150
363
1855
2166
21516

Thousand barrels daily

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total World

Less than 0.05.

Less than 0.5.
Notes: Bunkers are not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries in Europe) are excluded.
Crude imports and exports include condensates.

19

Natural gas
Total proved reserves

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Kazakhstan
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS
*More than 500 years.
Less than 0.05.
Less

At end 1995
Trillion
cubic
metres

At end 2005
Trillion
cubic
metres

At end 2014
Trillion
cubic
metres

Trillion
cubic
metres

4.7
1.9
1.9
8.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
4.1
0.2
5.9
n/a
0.1
0.2
0.3
n/a
1.6
1.4
0.1
0.4
31.1
n/a
n/a
0.7
n/a
0.3
40.2
0.1
19.4
3.4

1.5
0.5
8.5
5.5
0.2
5.9
0.3

45.3
3.7
0.6
1.3
3.5
0.8
9.9
1.2
0.3
0.4
1.7
0.7
2.0
2.3
0.3
0.6

0.2
0.1
0.4
10.1
119.9
14.5
105.4
3.6
31.1

5.8
1.6
0.4
7.8
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.5
4.3
0.1
6.9
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.3
1.3
2.4
0.1
0.6
31.2
2.3
0.7
0.5
1.2
0.2
43.0
0.1
27.6
3.2

1.6
1.0
25.6
6.8
0.3
6.1
0.3

72.6
4.5
1.9
1.3
5.2
1.2
14.1
2.2
0.4
0.3
1.6
1.1
2.5
2.5
0.5
0.9

0.3
0.2
0.4
13.0
157.3
14.9
142.4
3.0
37.6

10.4
2.0
0.3
12.8
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
5.6
0.1
7.6
1.2

0.9
0.7
1.9
0.1
0.1
32.4
17.5
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.2
57.0
0.2
34.0
3.7
0.2
1.8
0.7
24.5
8.3
0.3
6.1
0.3

80.1
4.5
1.8
1.5
5.1
1.2
14.1
3.5
0.2
0.3
3.7
1.4
2.8
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
15.4
187.0
19.7
167.3
1.3
53.7

10.4
2.0
0.3
12.8
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.3
5.6
0.1
7.6
1.1

0.9
0.7
1.9
0.1
0.1
32.3
17.5
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.2
56.8
0.2
34.0
3.7
0.2
1.8
0.7
24.5
8.3
0.3
6.1
0.3

80.0
4.5
1.8
1.5
5.1
1.1
14.1
3.5
0.2
0.3
3.8
1.5
2.8
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.3
15.6
186.9
19.6
167.3
1.3
53.6

At end 2015
Trillion
cubic
Share of
feet
total

368.7
70.2
11.4
450.3
11.7
9.9
15.0
4.8
14.6
11.5
198.4
2.2
268.1
40.6
1.1
1.4
1.6
33.1
23.8
65.6
3.3
3.9
1139.6
617.3
21.3
7.3
38.3
7.0
2005.1
6.1
1201.4
130.5
6.4
63.0
24.3
866.2
294.0
10.1
215.1
9.4
0.2
2826.6
159.1
65.2
53.1
180.5
38.8
496.7
122.6
8.2
9.7
135.7
52.6
100.3
41.3
18.7
19.2
5.0
7.8
21.8
9.9
552.6
6599.4
690.8
5908.6
46.0
1891.3

5.6%
1.1%
0.2%
6.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
3.0%

4.1%
0.6%

0.5%
0.4%
1.0%
0.1%
0.1%
17.3%
9.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.6%
0.1%
30.4%
0.1%
18.2%
2.0%
0.1%
1.0%
0.4%
13.1%
4.5%
0.2%
3.3%
0.1%

42.8%
2.4%
1.0%
0.8%
2.7%
0.6%
7.5%
1.9%
0.1%
0.1%
2.1%
0.8%
1.5%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.2%
8.4%
100.0%
10.5%
89.5%
0.7%
28.7%

R/P
ratio

13.6
12.2
6.1
13.0
9.1
13.5
18.5
12.2
33.1
8.2
173.2
24.0
42.5
63.2
6.7
5.4
7.3
75.7
15.7
15.9
23.1
10.7
56.3
241.4
34.7
5.2
18.8
31.4
57.4
11.1
176.8
*
21.9
119.1
19.7
135.2
78.2
66.0
109.2
100.0
44.9
129.5
54.3
40.5
118.0
102.1
53.9
66.4
51.8
8.7
21.7
27.8
50.9
37.8
17.1
27.0
12.9
14.3
5.5
57.9
15.8
28.1
52.8
15.1
74.5
10.8
71.3

than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Notes: Proved reserves of natural gas Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future
from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved natural gas reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices
used for determining proved reserves at a company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BPs view of proved
reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Source of data The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data from Cedigaz and the OPEC Secretariat.

20

Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Years

2015 by region

History
160

North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Africa

750

Middle East
Asia Pacific
World

600
120

450

80

300

40

150

North
America

S. & Cent.
America

Europe &
Eurasia

Middle
East

Africa

Asia
Pacific

85

90

95

00

05

10

15

As was the case for oil, global proved natural gas reserves in 2015 fell slightly, (by 0.1 trillion cubic metres (tcm), or -0.1%) to 186.9 tcm, sufficient to meet 52.8 years of
current production. Small declines in Russian and Norwegian reserves drove the decline. Reserves have increased by 29.6 tcm over the past decade. The Middle East
region holds the largest proved reserves (80 tcm, 42.8% of the global total), and has the highest regional R/P ratio (129.5 years). Lags in reporting official data mean that
2015 figures for many countries are not yet available.

Distribution of proved reserves in 1995, 2005 and 2015

Percentage

Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
Asia Pacific
Africa
North America
S. & Cent. America

4.1

42.8

6.8

4.4

46.2

5.0

4.9

37.8

7.5

8.9

7.1

8.3

8.4

8.2

1995
Total 119.9
trillion cubic
metres

2005
Total 157.3
trillion cubic
metres

33.5
27.3

8.4

2015
Total 186.9
trillion cubic
metres

30.4

21

Natural gas: Production in billion cubic metres*

Billion cubic metres

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Kazakhstan
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

511.1
187.1
52.2
750.5
45.6
12.0
10.9
6.7
1.5
33.0
27.4
3.2
140.5
5.2
10.4
15.8
11.1
9.0
62.5
85.8
4.3
12.4
580.1
57.0
18.6
88.2
54.0
10.4
1024.8
10.7
102.3
1.5
12.2
22.1
45.8
71.2
5.5
47.8

1.9
321.0
88.2
42.5
11.3
25.0
10.0
177.0
39.2
13.8
12.0
51.0
29.6
75.1
63.8
12.2
39.1
23.7
6.4
11.1
377.0
2790.9
1086.1
1704.8
213.7
724.1

524.0
188.4
57.3
769.7
46.1
12.9
11.2
7.0
1.8
40.1
31.5
3.6
154.1
6.1
10.4
15.6
10.1
8.9
61.5
88.7
4.3
10.6
595.2
60.4
18.7
80.0
56.6
10.2
1037.3
11.3
111.5
1.5
12.5
25.8
50.7
73.5
5.6
48.8

2.6
343.7
84.5
54.7
13.2
29.6
10.6
192.6
41.7
14.9
12.6
60.6
29.3
74.3
62.5
12.6
39.9
24.3
7.0
14.2
393.9
2891.2
1100.0
1791.2
201.3
746.2

545.6
182.7
53.6
781.8
44.8
13.8
11.2
7.5
2.7
42.2
36.2
3.6
162.1
9.8
9.2
14.3
8.8
9.0
60.5
90.3
4.3
10.3
592.0
65.4
18.7
72.1
58.2
10.3
1033.3
11.8
124.9
1.5
12.1
26.1
63.2
74.4
5.4
50.3

3.0
372.7
84.8
55.7
15.3
36.9
10.7
203.4
44.6
15.9
12.3
71.6
30.1
71.5
61.4
13.5
40.5
26.0
7.1
16.8
411.2
2964.5
1105.2
1859.3
188.5
753.4

570.8
176.6
53.4
800.8
44.1
14.3
14.0
9.1
3.4
42.0
32.8
3.5
163.0
14.8
10.1
13.0
8.4
11.6
66.5
100.1
4.1
10.0
601.7
66.1
19.0
69.6
57.8
9.8
1062.7
12.7
130.8
1.9
12.8
26.0
77.0
80.4
5.3
50.2

3.6
400.7
85.8
59.0
15.9
36.2
15.1
212.0
44.5
17.0
12.2
83.1
30.5
73.7
63.6
12.4
41.4
28.8
7.5
17.8
432.5
3071.7
1136.8
1934.9
190.2
771.1

584.0
164.0
59.3
807.3
41.4
12.3
11.9
10.5
3.5
43.6
31.0
3.4
157.7
14.8
8.4
12.2
7.3
10.7
62.7
104.4
4.1
9.9
527.7
36.4
19.3
59.7
55.6
9.7
942.7
12.8
143.7
1.1
11.5
27.0
89.3
78.5
5.9
48.8
0.8
2.9
422.2
79.6
62.7
15.9
26.0
15.6
199.7
49.0
19.5
11.4
88.2
37.6
76.9
60.9
11.6
41.6
30.9
8.0
18.1
453.6
2983.3
1134.1
1849.2
172.8
664.6

603.6
159.9
57.6
821.1
40.1
14.2
14.6
11.3
7.2
44.8
30.6
3.4
166.2
15.1
8.2
10.6
7.6
10.5
70.5
107.3
4.1
9.6
588.9
42.4
18.5
57.1
54.4
9.7
1014.5
13.1
152.4
1.3
11.7
29.3
131.2
87.7
8.0
51.3
6.2
3.4
495.6
80.4
61.3
16.8
37.3
17.4
213.3
52.6
20.0
12.3
99.1
49.3
85.7
60.9
12.4
42.3
36.2
9.4
17.6
497.8
3208.5
1158.9
2049.6
176.3
730.0

648.5
159.7
58.3
866.5
38.8
15.6
16.7
11.0
11.3
43.1
27.6
3.0
167.0
14.8
6.6
10.0
7.7
10.5
64.1
101.3
4.3
9.6
607.0
59.5
18.7
45.2
57.0
9.2
1025.5
13.3
159.9
0.9
13.5
30.9
145.3
92.3
7.1
52.3
9.0
4.4
528.8
82.7
61.4
7.9
40.6
19.1
211.7
51.9
20.3
12.8
109.0
44.5
81.5
62.0
12.8
42.3
37.0
8.5
17.8
500.4
3299.9
1176.7
2123.2
155.3
767.8

680.5
155.7
57.2
893.5
37.7
17.8
19.3
12.0
11.9
42.7
29.5
2.8
173.6
15.6
5.8
9.0
7.8
11.3
63.8
114.7
4.3
10.0
592.3
62.3
18.6
38.9
56.9
8.5
1019.8
13.7
166.2
0.6
15.5
32.2
157.0
99.3
5.8
54.3
7.3
2.7
554.7
81.5
60.9
12.2
43.3
18.2
216.0
56.3
22.2
12.6
111.8
38.8
77.1
61.3
12.7
43.8
41.4
9.4
17.6
505.0
3362.6
1211.3
2151.3
146.7
757.2

685.4
156.1
58.2
899.7
35.5
20.3
21.3
12.6
12.2
42.8
28.4
2.6
175.9
16.2
4.8
8.2
7.0
11.9
68.6
108.7
4.2
9.6
604.7
62.3
18.5
36.5
56.9
7.3
1025.6
14.7
166.8
1.2
16.3
34.8
177.6
100.0
5.1
54.6
9.9
6.5
587.5
82.4
56.1
10.4
36.2
20.8
205.9
57.8
22.8
12.2
122.2
32.2
76.5
67.1
13.1
42.6
41.8
9.8
18.1
516.2
3410.7
1215.6
2195.1
145.1
770.7

728.5
162.0
57.1
947.7
35.5
21.0
22.6
11.8
12.9
42.1
28.6
2.6
177.1
17.6
4.6
7.7
6.5
12.2
55.7
108.8
4.1
9.7
581.7
69.3
17.9
36.8
57.3
6.5
996.5
15.5
182.0
0.9
15.0
33.3
174.1
102.4
4.7
54.2
9.3
7.7
599.1
83.3
48.8
11.8
45.0
19.0
208.0
61.3
23.9
11.9
131.6
30.4
75.3
66.7
16.8
41.9
42.1
10.2
22.7
534.8
3463.2
1253.6
2209.6
130.5
756.2

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

767.3
163.5
53.2
984.0
36.5
20.9
22.9
11.0
12.5
39.6
32.4
2.6
178.5
18.2
4.6
7.2
6.2
12.4
43.0
117.2
4.1
10.3
573.3
72.4
17.4
39.7
57.7
6.3
989.8
15.5
192.5
1.0
15.0
34.9
181.4
106.4
4.3
55.8
2.7
8.4
617.9
83.0
45.6
12.8
50.1
20.4
211.8
67.1
26.8
12.7
138.0
29.2
75.0
68.2
19.6
41.9
39.8
10.7
27.7
556.7
3538.6
1293.2
2245.5
120.1
751.6

5.4%
0.9%
-6.8%
3.9%
2.9%
-0.7%
1.3%
-6.5%
-3.3%
-5.8%
13.2%
0.2%
0.7%
3.4%
-0.4%
-6.9%
-5.3%
1.7%
-22.8%
7.7%
-1.2%
5.9%
-1.5%
4.5%
-2.8%
7.8%
0.8%
-4.0%
-0.7%
0.4%
5.7%
13.5%
-0.4%
4.8%
4.2%
4.0%
-7.9%
2.8%
-71.5%
9.6%
3.1%
-0.4%
-6.6%
8.0%
11.1%
7.1%
1.8%
9.4%
12.2%
7.1%
4.8%
-3.8%
-0.3%
2.2%
16.4%

-5.4%
4.4%
21.8%
4.1%
2.2%
3.2%
1.6%
-8.0%
-0.6%

2015
share of
total

22.0%
4.6%
1.5%
28.1%
1.0%
0.6%
0.6%
0.3%
0.4%
1.1%
0.9%
0.1%
5.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
1.2%
3.3%
0.1%
0.3%
16.1%
2.0%
0.5%
1.1%
1.6%
0.2%
27.8%
0.4%
5.4%

0.4%
1.0%
5.1%
3.0%
0.1%
1.6%
0.1%
0.2%
17.4%
2.3%
1.3%
0.4%
1.4%
0.6%
6.0%
1.9%
0.8%
0.4%
3.9%
0.8%
2.1%
1.9%
0.6%
1.2%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
15.7%
100.0%
36.8%
63.2%
3.4%
21.1%

*Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.
Source: Includes data from Cedigaz.
Less than 0.05%.
Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from tonnes of oil equivalent using an average
conversion factor, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes of oil equivalent figures.
Natural gas production data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

22

Natural gas: Consumption in billion cubic metres*

Billion cubic metres

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

623.4
97.8
60.9
782.1
40.4
19.6
7.8
6.7
0.3
1.5
16.3
27.4
3.4
123.5
9.9
8.6
18.4
16.4
3.1
8.6
5.0
4.0
45.6
86.3
2.7
14.7
3.9
79.1
5.3
2.8
39.3
4.5
13.6
4.2
17.6
394.0
6.6
33.2
0.8
2.8
26.9
16.1
69.0
94.9
42.7
13.3
1093.5
102.7
1.7
12.2
18.7
71.2
42.1
30.7
279.3
23.2
31.6
3.1
27.1
85.1
24.9
13.8
48.2
2.7
35.7
35.9
78.6
34.9
3.6
39.1
3.1
6.5
30.4
9.4
32.5
6.4
5.2
410.8
2774.3
1434.9
1339.4
499.5
558.3

614.4
96.9
66.6
778.0
41.8
20.6
7.2
7.0
0.4
1.8
21.2
31.5
3.9
135.4
9.3
9.1
18.8
16.7
3.2
8.4
5.1
4.2
44.0
87.9
3.1
14.5
4.4
77.4
7.9
2.7
38.1
4.4
13.7
4.1
15.9
415.0
6.0
34.7
0.9
2.7
30.5
18.4
67.0
90.0
41.9
17.2
1117.2
112.0
2.3
12.5
19.6
73.5
43.4
33.5
296.8
23.7
36.5
3.5
25.9
89.6
27.7
14.9
59.3
2.9
37.3
36.6
83.7
35.3
3.7
39.9
3.0
8.6
32.0
10.1
33.3
7.0
5.5
440.8
2857.7
1438.2
1419.6
492.1
583.0

654.2
96.2
63.4
813.8
43.9
21.2
4.3
7.4
0.5
2.7
21.9
36.2
4.4
142.5
8.8
8.0
18.8
16.6
3.2
7.9
4.6
3.9
42.8
84.7
3.7
13.5
4.8
77.3
6.3
3.2
37.0
4.3
13.8
4.3
14.1
422.0
5.7
35.3
1.0
2.6
36.1
21.3
63.2
91.0
45.9
15.3
1120.6
125.5
2.8
12.1
23.6
74.4
49.2
34.3
321.8
24.3
38.4
3.5
30.5
96.7
31.5
15.9
73.0
2.7
40.3
34.1
90.2
35.5
4.0
40.5
3.6
8.6
34.7
10.7
35.4
7.1
6.0
473.8
2969.2
1484.0
1485.2
484.9
590.9

659.1
96.1
66.3
821.5
44.4
24.9
2.4
7.6
0.4
3.4
21.3
34.3
4.7
143.4
9.4
9.2
19.3
16.5
3.2
7.9
4.6
4.0
44.3
85.5
3.9
13.4
5.0
77.2
7.0
2.9
38.5
4.3
14.9
4.7
14.0
416.0
5.7
38.8
0.9
2.8
37.5
21.4
60.0
93.8
48.7
17.2
1132.7
133.2
3.8
12.8
19.0
80.4
59.5
38.4
347.0
25.4
40.8
3.7
30.8
100.7
31.9
17.0
84.1
3.2
41.5
39.1
93.7
39.2
3.8
41.4
3.7
9.2
35.7
11.6
37.4
7.5
5.8
506.0
3051.2
1509.8
1541.5
496.9
587.1

648.7
94.9
72.2
815.9
42.1
20.1
2.4
8.7
0.5
3.5
22.2
32.3
5.1
136.8
9.2
7.8
16.1
16.8
2.3
7.4
4.4
3.6
42.7
80.7
3.3
11.7
4.7
71.0
6.6
2.4
38.9
4.1
14.4
4.7
11.7
389.6
4.9
34.7
1.1
2.7
35.7
19.7
46.8
87.0
39.9
14.9
1041.5
142.7
4.2
12.4
19.9
78.5
59.1
41.5
358.2
27.2
42.5
3.4
26.4
99.6
32.2
19.5
92.6
3.1
50.7
41.5
87.4
35.4
4.0
41.6
3.8
9.7
33.9
11.4
39.2
8.0
5.3
519.2
2971.1
1466.5
1504.6
464.4
531.4

682.1
95.0
72.5
849.6
43.2
26.8
4.9
9.1
0.5
5.6
23.2
32.2
5.4
150.8
10.0
7.4
19.7
18.9
2.6
8.5
5.0
3.9
47.3
84.1
3.6
12.5
5.2
75.6
4.5
2.8
43.5
4.1
15.5
5.1
12.0
414.1
5.6
34.6
1.6
3.0
39.0
22.6
52.2
94.2
40.8
16.4
1116.0
152.9
5.3
14.5
32.1
87.7
60.8
46.2
399.5
26.3
45.1
3.9
31.8
107.2
33.2
20.0
111.2
3.8
61.5
43.4
94.5
34.5
4.3
42.3
3.5
8.8
43.0
14.1
45.1
9.4
5.8
578.4
3201.4
1558.8
1642.7
499.6
566.4

693.1
100.9
76.6
870.6
45.2
26.7
5.0
8.8
0.4
6.2
23.3
29.7
6.1
151.5
9.4
8.1
18.3
15.8
2.9
7.7
4.2
3.5
41.1
77.3
4.4
11.1
4.6
70.9
5.1
3.0
38.0
4.4
15.7
5.2
12.3
424.6
5.2
32.1
1.3
2.7
40.9
23.5
53.7
78.1
47.6
16.6
1089.1
162.2
5.0
16.5
20.7
92.3
63.2
44.7
404.6
27.8
49.6
4.1
32.7
114.2
32.5
20.3
137.1
3.1
61.9
42.1
105.5
34.8
3.9
42.3
3.9
8.7
46.3
15.5
46.6
8.5
6.3
619.1
3249.2
1544.6
1704.6
450.5
586.2

723.2
100.2
79.9
903.3
46.8
31.7
4.6
9.8
0.6
6.8
22.2
31.4
6.7
160.6
8.9
8.5
18.5
16.0
2.7
7.6
3.9
3.1
42.5
77.5
4.0
10.1
4.5
68.2
6.8
2.9
36.4
4.4
16.6
4.5
12.4
416.2
4.9
31.7
1.1
2.9
41.4
26.3
49.6
73.9
47.2
16.3
1071.6
161.5
2.6
18.4
25.9
99.3
65.6
44.7
417.9
31.0
52.6
4.4
35.3
123.4
33.2
22.2
150.9
2.8
57.5
42.2
116.9
35.5
4.2
43.8
3.7
9.4
50.2
16.3
51.3
9.4
6.2
655.8
3332.5
1581.6
1751.0
439.8
578.9

740.6
103.9
83.3
927.8
46.5
37.3
4.6
10.0
0.6
6.6
22.4
30.5
7.3
165.8
8.6
8.6
18.5
15.8
2.6
7.7
3.7
2.8
43.1
81.2
3.6
9.2
4.3
63.8
7.0
2.4
37.0
4.4
16.6
4.3
11.3
413.5
5.3
29.0
1.1
3.1
41.8
22.9
43.3
73.0
46.8
15.0
1051.2
162.9
6.9
18.6
42.7
100.0
67.3
48.5
446.9
33.4
51.4
4.6
33.5
122.9
34.3
22.8
171.9
2.6
50.4
40.8
116.9
40.3
4.5
42.6
3.4
10.5
52.5
16.3
52.3
9.8
6.4
678.4
3392.9
1609.2
1783.7
432.4
565.1

756.0
104.2
86.8
947.1
47.1
39.4
3.8
10.9
0.7
7.2
22.0
30.7
7.7
169.5
7.9
9.4
18.3
13.8
2.6
6.9
3.2
2.5
36.2
71.1
2.7
8.4
4.1
56.3
7.6
2.3
32.0
4.7
16.3
4.1
10.5
411.9
4.2
26.3
0.9
2.7
44.7
27.7
36.8
66.7
48.8
14.9
1006.4
180.0
7.6
18.6
39.7
102.4
66.3
46.9
461.4
37.5
48.0
5.0
37.9
128.4
36.0
23.9
188.4
2.5
50.6
40.9
118.0
40.8
4.9
41.9
3.6
10.9
47.8
17.2
52.7
10.2
7.2
697.4
3410.2
1582.8
1827.4
384.5
565.5

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

778.0
102.5
83.2
963.6
47.5
40.9
3.9
10.5
0.6
7.5
21.5
34.5
7.7
174.8
8.3
9.8
17.2
15.1
2.9
7.2
3.2
2.1
39.1
74.6
2.8
8.9
4.2
61.4
8.6
2.3
31.8
4.8
16.7
4.3
10.3
391.5
4.3
27.6
0.9
2.9
43.6
34.3
28.8
68.3
50.3
15.3
1003.5
191.2
8.4
19.4
45.2
106.4
69.1
50.5
490.2
39.0
47.8
5.0
43.6
135.5
34.3
26.8
197.3
3.2
50.6
39.7
113.4
39.8
4.5
43.4
3.3
11.3
43.6
18.4
52.9
10.7
7.8
701.1
3468.6
1606.1
1862.6
402.1
545.4

3.0%
-1.7%
-4.2%
1.9%
0.8%
3.8%
2.9%
-3.2%
-3.5%
4.2%
-2.0%
12.4%

3.1%
6.1%
4.1%
-6.2%
9.6%
9.7%
4.9%
0.3%
-16.4%
7.8%
5.0%
3.8%
6.6%
1.1%
9.1%
12.9%
0.1%
-0.7%
3.1%
3.0%
6.6%
-1.9%
-5.0%
2.2%
4.9%
-4.5%
6.8%
-2.4%
23.9%
-21.8%
2.4%
3.1%
2.8%
-0.3%
6.2%
11.0%
4.2%
13.8%
4.0%
4.3%
7.7%
6.2%
4.1%
-0.4%
1.1%
15.0%
5.5%
-4.5%
12.2%
4.7%
27.6%
-0.1%
-2.7%
-3.9%
-2.4%
-7.4%
3.5%
-6.1%
3.6%
-8.7%
7.0%
0.3%
4.4%
8.3%
0.5%
1.7%
1.5%
1.9%
4.6%
-3.6%

2015
share of
total

22.8%
2.9%
2.4%
28.1%
1.4%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%

0.2%
0.6%
1.0%
0.2%
5.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%
0.4%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
1.1%
2.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
1.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.9%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.3%
11.2%
0.1%
0.8%

0.1%
1.3%
1.0%
0.8%
2.0%
1.4%
0.4%
28.8%
5.5%
0.2%
0.6%
1.3%
3.1%
2.0%
1.4%
14.1%
1.1%
1.4%
0.1%
1.3%
3.9%
1.0%
0.8%
5.7%
0.1%
1.5%
1.1%
3.3%
1.1%
0.1%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%
1.3%
0.5%
1.5%
0.3%
0.2%
20.1%
100.0%
46.5%
53.5%
11.5%
15.7%

*Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation.
Source: Includes data from Cedigaz.
than 0.05%.
Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from tonnes of oil equivalent using an average
conversion factor, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms.
The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable
disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes of oil equivalent figures.
Natural gas consumption data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

Less

23

Natural gas: Production in million tonnes oil equivalent*

Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Kazakhstan
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

467.6
168.4
47.0
683.0
41.1
10.8
9.8
6.0
1.4
29.7
24.7
2.9
126.5
4.7
9.4
14.2
10.0
8.1
56.2
77.3
3.9
11.2
522.1
51.3
16.7
79.4
48.6
9.4
922.3
9.6
92.1
1.3
11.0
19.9
41.2
64.1
4.9
43.0

1.7
288.9
79.4
38.3
10.2
22.5
9.0
159.3
35.3
12.4
10.8
45.9
26.7
67.6
57.4
11.0
35.1
21.3
5.8
10.0
339.3
2519.4
985.1
1534.3
192.3
651.7

479.3
169.6
51.6
700.5
41.5
11.6
10.0
6.3
1.6
36.1
28.3
3.2
138.7
5.5
9.4
14.1
9.1
8.0
55.4
79.8
3.9
9.6
535.6
54.3
16.9
72.0
51.0
9.1
933.6
10.2
100.3
1.3
11.3
23.2
45.6
66.1
5.1
43.9

2.3
309.3
76.0
49.2
11.9
26.6
9.6
173.3
37.6
13.4
11.3
54.5
26.4
66.9
56.3
11.3
35.9
21.9
6.3
12.8
354.5
2609.9
997.8
1612.1
181.2
671.5

498.6
164.4
48.2
711.2
40.3
12.4
10.1
6.8
2.4
38.0
32.6
3.3
145.9
8.8
8.3
12.9
7.9
8.1
54.4
81.3
3.9
9.2
532.8
58.9
16.9
64.9
52.4
9.3
930.0
10.6
112.5
1.3
10.9
23.5
56.9
67.0
4.9
45.3

2.7
335.4
76.3
50.1
13.8
33.2
9.7
183.1
40.1
14.3
11.0
64.5
27.1
64.4
55.2
12.2
36.4
23.4
6.4
15.1
370.1
2675.7
1002.3
1673.4
169.6
678.1

521.7
158.9
48.0
728.6
39.7
12.9
12.6
8.2
3.1
37.8
29.5
3.1
146.7
13.3
9.1
11.7
7.6
10.4
59.9
90.1
3.7
9.0
541.5
59.5
17.1
62.7
52.0
8.9
956.5
11.4
117.7
1.7
11.5
23.4
69.3
72.4
4.8
45.2

3.3
360.6
77.2
53.1
14.3
32.5
13.6
190.8
40.0
15.3
10.9
74.8
27.5
66.4
57.3
11.2
37.3
25.9
6.7
16.0
389.3
2772.5
1031.1
1741.4
171.2
694.0

532.7
147.6
53.3
733.6
37.3
11.1
10.7
9.5
3.1
39.3
27.9
3.1
141.9
13.3
7.6
11.0
6.6
9.6
56.4
93.9
3.7
8.9
474.9
32.7
17.3
53.7
50.0
8.7
848.5
11.5
129.3
1.0
10.3
24.3
80.4
70.6
5.3
44.0
0.7
2.6
380.0
71.6
56.4
14.3
23.4
14.0
179.7
44.1
17.5
10.3
79.4
33.8
69.2
54.8
10.4
37.4
27.8
7.2
16.3
408.3
2692.1
1027.8
1664.2
155.6
598.1

549.5
143.9
51.8
745.2
36.1
12.8
13.1
10.1
6.5
40.3
27.6
3.1
149.6
13.6
7.4
9.6
6.9
9.5
63.4
96.5
3.7
8.6
530.0
38.1
16.7
51.4
49.0
8.8
913.1
11.8
137.1
1.2
10.6
26.4
118.0
78.9
7.2
46.2
5.6
3.1
446.0
72.4
55.2
15.1
33.6
15.7
192.0
47.3
18.0
11.1
89.2
44.3
77.1
54.8
11.2
38.1
32.6
8.5
15.9
448.0
2893.9
1049.3
1844.6
158.7
657.0

589.8
143.7
52.4
786.0
34.9
14.0
15.1
9.9
10.2
38.8
24.8
2.7
150.3
13.3
5.9
9.0
6.9
9.4
57.7
91.1
3.8
8.7
546.3
53.6
16.8
40.7
51.3
8.3
923.0
12.0
143.9
0.8
12.2
27.8
130.7
83.0
6.4
47.1
8.1
4.0
475.9
74.4
55.3
7.1
36.5
17.2
190.5
46.7
18.3
11.5
98.1
40.1
73.3
55.8
11.5
38.1
33.3
7.6
16.0
450.3
2976.1
1065.2
1910.9
139.7
691.0

620.2
140.2
51.5
811.8
34.0
16.0
17.3
10.8
10.7
38.4
26.5
2.5
156.2
14.0
5.2
8.1
7.0
10.2
57.4
103.3
3.9
9.0
533.0
56.1
16.7
35.0
51.2
7.6
917.9
12.4
149.5
0.6
14.0
29.0
141.3
89.4
5.2
48.9
6.5
2.4
499.2
73.4
54.8
11.0
39.0
16.3
194.4
50.6
20.0
11.3
100.7
34.9
69.4
55.2
11.5
39.4
37.3
8.4
15.9
454.5
3034.0
1097.8
1936.2
132.1
681.5

626.4
140.5
52.4
819.3
32.0
18.3
19.2
11.4
11.0
38.6
25.6
2.4
158.3
14.6
4.4
7.4
6.3
10.7
61.8
97.9
3.8
8.6
544.2
56.1
16.6
32.8
51.2
6.6
923.0
13.2
150.1
1.1
14.7
31.3
159.8
90.0
4.6
49.1
8.9
5.9
528.8
74.2
50.5
9.3
32.6
18.8
185.3
52.1
20.5
11.0
110.0
29.0
68.8
60.4
11.8
38.4
37.6
8.8
16.3
464.5
3079.2
1103.6
1975.6
130.6
693.6

669.1
145.8
51.4
866.3
31.9
18.9
20.4
10.6
11.6
37.9
25.8
2.4
159.4
15.8
4.2
7.0
5.9
10.9
50.1
97.9
3.7
8.8
523.6
62.3
16.1
33.1
51.6
5.9
896.8
13.9
163.8
0.8
13.5
30.0
156.7
92.1
4.2
48.8
8.4
6.9
539.2
75.0
43.9
10.6
40.5
17.1
187.2
55.2
21.5
10.7
118.4
27.4
67.7
60.0
15.2
37.7
37.9
9.2
20.4
481.3
3130.2
1141.6
1988.6
117.4
680.5

*Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.
Less than 0.05%.

24

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

705.3
147.2
47.9
900.4
32.8
18.8
20.6
9.9
11.2
35.7
29.2
2.4
160.6
16.4
4.1
6.5
5.5
11.1
38.7
105.4
3.7
9.3
516.0
65.2
15.7
35.7
52.0
5.6
890.8
14.0
173.2
0.9
13.5
31.4
163.3
95.8
3.9
50.2
2.4
7.6
556.1
74.7
41.0
11.5
45.1
18.3
190.6
60.3
24.1
11.4
124.2
26.3
67.5
61.4
17.6
37.7
35.8
9.6
24.9
501.0
3199.5
1178.6
2020.9
108.1
676.5

5.4%
0.9%
-6.8%
3.9%
2.9%
-0.7%
1.3%
-6.5%
-3.3%
-5.8%
13.2%
0.2%
0.7%
3.4%
-0.4%
-6.9%
-5.3%
1.7%
-22.8%
7.7%
-1.2%
5.9%
-1.5%
4.5%
-2.8%
7.8%
0.8%
-4.0%
-0.7%
0.4%
5.7%
13.5%
-0.4%
4.8%
4.2%
4.0%
-7.9%
2.8%
-71.5%
9.6%
3.1%
-0.4%
-6.6%
8.0%
11.1%
7.1%
1.8%
9.4%
12.2%
7.1%
4.8%
-3.8%
-0.3%
2.2%
16.4%

-5.4%
4.4%
21.8%
4.1%
2.2%
3.2%
1.6%
-8.0%
-0.6%

2015
share of
total

22.0%
4.6%
1.5%
28.1%
1.0%
0.6%
0.6%
0.3%
0.4%
1.1%
0.9%
0.1%
5.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
1.2%
3.3%
0.1%
0.3%
16.1%
2.0%
0.5%
1.1%
1.6%
0.2%
27.8%
0.4%
5.4%

0.4%
1.0%
5.1%
3.0%
0.1%
1.6%
0.1%
0.2%
17.4%
2.3%
1.3%
0.4%
1.4%
0.6%
6.0%
1.9%
0.8%
0.4%
3.9%
0.8%
2.1%
1.9%
0.6%
1.2%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
15.7%
100.0%
36.8%
63.2%
3.4%
21.1%

Source: Includes data from Cedigaz.

Natural gas: Consumption in million tonnes oil equivalent*

Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

568.6
88.0
54.8
711.5
36.4
17.6
7.0
6.0
0.3
1.4
14.7
24.7
3.1
111.1
8.9
7.7
16.5
14.7
2.8
7.7
4.5
3.6
41.1
77.6
2.4
13.3
3.5
71.2
4.8
2.5
35.3
4.0
12.2
3.8
15.8
354.6
5.9
29.8
0.7
2.5
24.2
14.5
62.1
85.4
38.4
12.0
984.2
92.5
1.5
11.0
16.8
64.1
37.8
27.7
251.4
20.9
28.4
2.8
24.4
76.5
22.4
12.4
43.4
2.4
32.1
32.3
70.7
31.4
3.2
35.1
2.8
5.9
27.3
8.5
29.3
5.8
4.7
369.8
2504.5
1299.0
1205.5
449.5
502.5

560.4
87.3
59.9
707.6
37.6
18.5
6.5
6.3
0.4
1.6
19.1
28.3
3.5
121.9
8.4
8.2
16.9
15.0
2.9
7.6
4.6
3.8
39.6
79.1
2.8
13.1
3.9
69.7
7.1
2.5
34.3
4.0
12.4
3.7
14.4
373.5
5.4
31.2
0.8
2.4
27.4
16.5
60.3
81.0
37.7
15.5
1005.5
100.8
2.1
11.3
17.6
66.1
39.0
30.2
267.1
21.4
32.9
3.1
23.3
80.6
24.9
13.4
53.4
2.6
33.5
32.9
75.4
31.8
3.3
35.9
2.7
7.7
28.8
9.1
30.0
6.3
4.9
396.7
2579.4
1301.8
1277.6
442.9
524.7

596.3
86.6
57.1
739.9
39.5
19.1
3.8
6.7
0.4
2.4
19.7
32.6
3.9
128.2
7.9
7.2
16.9
14.9
2.9
7.1
4.1
3.5
38.5
76.2
3.3
12.2
4.3
69.5
5.6
2.9
33.3
3.8
12.4
3.9
12.7
379.8
5.1
31.8
0.9
2.4
32.5
19.1
56.9
81.9
41.3
13.7
1008.6
113.0
2.5
10.9
21.2
67.0
44.3
30.8
289.6
21.9
34.5
3.1
27.5
87.0
28.3
14.3
65.7
2.5
36.3
30.7
81.2
31.9
3.6
36.4
3.2
7.7
31.2
9.6
31.8
6.4
5.4
426.4
2679.8
1343.0
1336.7
436.4
531.8

600.8
86.5
59.7
747.0
40.0
22.4
2.1
6.8
0.4
3.1
19.2
30.9
4.3
129.1
8.5
8.2
17.4
14.8
2.9
7.1
4.1
3.6
39.9
77.0
3.5
12.1
4.5
69.5
6.3
2.6
34.7
3.9
13.5
4.3
12.6
374.4
5.2
34.9
0.8
2.5
33.8
19.3
54.0
84.4
43.8
15.4
1019.4
119.9
3.4
11.5
17.1
72.4
53.5
34.5
312.3
22.8
36.8
3.4
27.7
90.6
28.7
15.3
75.7
2.9
37.4
35.2
84.4
35.3
3.4
37.3
3.4
8.3
32.1
10.5
33.6
6.7
5.2
455.4
2753.7
1366.4
1387.3
447.2
528.4

590.1
85.4
65.0
740.5
37.9
18.1
2.2
7.8
0.4
3.1
19.9
29.0
4.5
123.1
8.2
7.0
14.5
15.1
2.1
6.7
4.0
3.2
38.4
72.6
2.9
10.5
4.3
63.9
6.0
2.2
35.0
3.7
13.0
4.2
10.5
350.7
4.4
31.2
1.0
2.4
32.1
17.7
42.1
78.3
35.9
13.4
937.4
128.4
3.8
11.1
17.9
70.6
53.2
37.4
322.4
24.5
38.3
3.0
23.8
89.6
29.0
17.5
83.3
2.8
45.6
37.3
78.7
31.8
3.6
37.4
3.4
8.7
30.5
10.2
35.3
7.2
4.8
467.3
2680.2
1326.1
1354.1
418.0
478.3

619.3
85.5
65.2
770.0
38.9
24.1
4.4
8.2
0.4
5.0
20.9
29.0
4.8
135.8
9.0
6.7
17.8
17.0
2.3
7.6
4.5
3.6
42.6
75.7
3.2
11.3
4.7
68.1
4.0
2.5
39.2
3.7
14.0
4.6
10.8
372.7
5.0
31.1
1.4
2.7
35.1
20.4
47.0
84.8
36.8
14.8
1004.4
137.6
4.8
13.1
28.9
78.9
54.7
41.6
359.5
23.7
40.6
3.5
28.6
96.5
29.9
18.0
100.1
3.4
55.3
39.1
85.1
31.0
3.9
38.1
3.2
7.9
38.7
12.7
40.5
8.5
5.2
520.5
2886.7
1408.3
1478.4
449.7
509.8

628.8
90.8
68.9
788.6
40.7
24.0
4.5
8.0
0.4
5.6
21.0
26.7
5.5
136.4
8.4
7.3
16.5
14.2
2.6
6.9
3.8
3.1
37.0
69.5
4.0
10.0
4.1
63.8
4.6
2.7
34.2
4.0
14.1
4.7
11.0
382.1
4.6
28.9
1.1
2.4
36.8
21.2
48.3
70.3
42.9
14.9
980.2
146.0
4.5
14.9
18.7
83.0
56.9
40.2
364.2
25.1
44.7
3.7
29.4
102.8
29.2
18.3
123.4
2.7
55.7
37.9
95.0
31.3
3.5
38.1
3.5
7.9
41.7
14.0
41.9
7.6
5.6
557.2
2929.3
1395.2
1534.1
405.4
527.6

657.4
90.2
71.9
819.5
42.2
28.5
4.1
8.9
0.5
6.1
20.0
28.3
6.1
144.5
8.1
7.7
16.7
14.4
2.5
6.9
3.5
2.7
38.2
69.7
3.6
9.1
4.0
61.4
6.1
2.7
32.7
3.9
15.0
4.0
11.2
374.6
4.4
28.6
1.0
2.6
37.3
23.7
44.6
66.5
42.5
14.7
964.4
145.4
2.3
16.6
23.3
89.4
59.0
40.2
376.1
27.9
47.3
4.0
31.8
111.0
29.9
20.0
135.8
2.5
51.8
38.0
105.2
31.9
3.8
39.4
3.3
8.5
45.2
14.7
46.1
8.4
5.6
590.2
3005.8
1430.0
1575.9
395.9
521.0

675.5
93.5
74.9
843.9
41.8
33.6
4.1
9.0
0.6
5.9
20.2
27.5
6.6
149.2
7.7
7.7
16.7
14.2
2.4
6.9
3.4
2.6
38.8
73.1
3.2
8.3
3.8
57.4
6.3
2.2
33.3
4.0
15.0
3.8
10.2
372.1
4.8
26.1
1.0
2.8
37.6
20.6
38.9
65.7
42.2
13.5
946.1
146.6
6.2
16.8
38.4
90.0
60.5
43.7
402.2
30.0
46.3
4.1
30.1
110.6
30.9
20.5
154.7
2.4
45.3
36.7
105.2
36.3
4.0
38.4
3.0
9.5
47.3
14.7
47.0
8.8
5.8
610.5
3062.5
1457.2
1605.3
389.2
508.6

692.7
93.8
78.1
864.6
42.4
35.5
3.4
9.8
0.6
6.5
19.8
27.7
6.9
152.6
7.1
8.5
16.5
12.4
2.4
6.2
2.8
2.3
32.6
64.0
2.4
7.5
3.7
50.7
6.9
2.1
28.8
4.2
14.6
3.7
9.5
370.7
3.8
23.7
0.8
2.4
40.2
24.9
33.1
60.0
43.9
13.4
905.8
162.0
6.8
16.8
35.7
92.1
59.6
42.2
415.3
33.7
43.2
4.5
34.1
115.6
32.4
21.5
169.6
2.3
45.6
36.8
106.2
36.7
4.4
37.7
3.2
9.8
43.0
15.5
47.4
9.2
6.5
627.7
3081.5
1436.8
1644.7
346.0
509.0

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

713.6
92.2
74.9
880.7
42.8
36.8
3.5
9.5
0.6
6.8
19.4
31.1
6.9
157.3
7.5
8.8
15.5
13.6
2.6
6.5
2.9
1.9
35.1
67.2
2.5
8.0
3.8
55.3
7.8
2.1
28.6
4.3
15.1
3.9
9.3
352.3
3.9
24.8
0.8
2.6
39.2
30.9
25.9
61.4
45.3
13.7
903.1
172.1
7.6
17.5
40.6
95.8
62.2
45.4
441.2
35.1
43.0
4.5
39.2
121.9
30.9
24.1
177.6
2.9
45.5
35.8
102.1
35.8
4.1
39.0
3.0
10.2
39.2
16.5
47.6
9.6
7.1
631.0
3135.2
1458.9
1676.3
361.9
490.9

3.0%
-1.7%
-4.2%
1.9%
0.8%
3.8%
2.9%
-3.2%
-3.5%
4.2%
-2.0%
12.4%

3.1%
6.1%
4.1%
-6.2%
9.6%
9.7%
4.9%
0.3%
-16.4%
7.8%
5.0%
3.8%
6.6%
1.1%
9.1%
12.9%
0.1%
-0.7%
3.1%
3.0%
6.6%
-1.9%
-5.0%
2.2%
4.9%
-4.5%
6.8%
-2.4%
23.9%
-21.8%
2.4%
3.1%
2.8%
-0.3%
6.2%
11.0%
4.2%
13.8%
4.0%
4.3%
7.7%
6.2%
4.1%
-0.4%
1.1%
15.0%
5.5%
-4.5%
12.2%
4.7%
27.6%
-0.1%
-2.7%
-3.9%
-2.4%
-7.4%
3.5%
-6.1%
3.6%
-8.7%
7.0%
0.3%
4.4%
8.3%
0.5%
1.7%
1.5%
1.9%
4.6%
-3.6%

2015
share of
total

22.8%
2.9%
2.4%
28.1%
1.4%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%

0.2%
0.6%
1.0%
0.2%
5.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%
0.4%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
1.1%
2.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
1.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.9%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.3%
11.2%
0.1%
0.8%

0.1%
1.3%
1.0%
0.8%
2.0%
1.4%
0.4%
28.8%
5.5%
0.2%
0.6%
1.3%
3.1%
2.0%
1.4%
14.1%
1.1%
1.4%
0.1%
1.3%
3.9%
1.0%
0.8%
5.7%
0.1%
1.5%
1.1%
3.3%
1.1%
0.1%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%
1.3%
0.5%
1.5%
0.3%
0.2%
20.1%
100.0%
46.5%
53.5%
11.5%
15.7%

*Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation.
Source: Includes data from Cedigaz.
than 0.05%.
Note: The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with
unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.

Less

25

Natural gas: Production by region

Natural gas: Consumption by region

Billion cubic metres

Billion cubic metres

Rest of World
Asia Pacific
Europe & Eurasia
North America

90

95

00

05

10

15

4000

4000

3500

3500

3000

3000

2500

2500

2000

2000

1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500

90

95

00

05

10

15

World natural gas production growth accelerated to 2.2% in 2015, slightly below the 10-year average growth of 2.4%. North America (+3.9%) recorded the largest growth
increment, driven by continued strong increases in US output, while production in Europe & Eurasia declined by 0.7%, with large declines in the Netherlands and Russia.
Consumption growth (+1.7%) also accelerated from a very weak 2014, but remained below the 10-year average of 2.3%. The Middle East recorded the strongest
regional growth rate (+6.2%), while consumption in Europe & Eurasia declined by 0.3%, with a decline in Russia offsetting growth in the EU.

Natural gas: Consumption per capita 2015

Tonnes oil equivalent

0-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-1.5
1.5-2.0
> 2.0

26

Prices
$/mmBtu
18

US Henry Hub
Average German Import Price cif
UK NBP
Japan LNG cif

15

12

98

99

00

01

03

02

04

05

06

07

08

10

09

11

12

13

14

15

Prices
US dollars per million Btu

LNG
Japan
cif

Average German
Import Price*

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

5.23
4.10
3.35
3.34
3.28
3.64
3.99
3.62
3.52
3.18
3.46
3.66
3.91
3.05
3.14
4.72
4.64
4.27
4.77
5.18
6.05
7.14
7.73
12.55
9.06
10.91
14.73
16.75
16.17
16.33
10.31

4.25
3.93
2.55
2.22
2.00
2.78
3.23
2.70
2.51
2.35
2.43
2.50
2.66
2.33
1.86
2.91
3.67
3.21
4.06
4.30
5.83
7.87
7.99
11.60
8.53
8.03
10.49
10.93
10.72
9.11
6.61

Natural gas
UK
(Heren NBP Index)

US
Henry Hub

Canada
(Alberta)

Crude oil
OECD
countries cif

1.70
1.64
1.49
1.77
2.12
1.92
1.69
2.76
2.53
2.08
2.27
4.23
4.07
3.33
5.63
5.85
8.79
6.76
6.95
8.85
3.89
4.39
4.01
2.76
3.71
4.35
2.60

1.05
0.89
0.98
1.69
1.45
0.89
1.12
1.36
1.42
2.00
3.75
3.61
2.57
4.83
5.03
7.25
5.83
6.17
7.99
3.38
3.69
3.47
2.27
2.93
3.87
2.01

4.75
2.57
3.09
2.56
3.01
3.82
3.33
3.19
2.82
2.70
2.96
3.54
3.29
2.16
2.98
4.83
4.08
4.17
4.89
6.27
8.74
10.66
11.95
16.76
10.41
13.47
18.56
18.82
18.25
16.80
8.77

1.87
1.96
1.86
1.58
2.71
3.17
2.37
3.33
4.46
7.38
7.87
6.01
10.79
4.85
6.56
9.04
9.46
10.64
8.25
6.53

*Source: 1985-1990 German Federal Statistical Office, 1991-2015 German Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA).
Source: ICIS Heren Energy Ltd.
Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Natural Gas Week.
Note: cif = cost+insurance+freight (average prices).

27

US
Canada
Mexico
North America
Argentina
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Europe
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Iran
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Middle East
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Australia
China
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
Asia Pacific
Total exports

19.8
29.9
49.7

49.7

74.3

74.3

74.3

5.4
10.8

16.2

16.2

0.2
2.1
2.3

2.3

0.6
3.6

4.5
0.9
0.6

0.2
8.1
2.3
9.1
1.1

0.2
4.5
35.7

9.2

9.2

45.0

5.3

2.1
7.4

0.2

0.2

7.6

4.3

10.9

4.1

2.7

9.5

45.2

1.9

5.8

24.0

2.3

8.8

3.7

26.6

9.8
159.8

16.8

5.0
10.9

7.0
0.1
4.4
11.0
33.2

0.4

0.4

11.3 193.0

2.6
3.3

5.9

1.5

1.5
7.5

7.8

7.8

0.5
0.5

8.4

Less than 0.05.

2.1
17.7
19.8

19.8

6.6

12.0

2.0
20.7

4.3
4.3

25.0

6.5

6.5

6.5

4.0
0.6
4.6

4.6

2.6
7.9

10.5
10.5

My
anm
ar
O th
Pac er A sia
ific
Tot
impal
or t
s

ia
nes
Indo

er A
O th

a
Liby

eria
A lg

ar
Q at

Iran

ekis

t an

fric

t an

0.3
2.8

3.1
7.2

7.2

27.7

27.7
38.1

Uzb

enis
Turk
m

K az
ak h
st an
Rus
Fed sian
er at
ion

rbaij
A ze

u ro
O th

er E

ed K

7.3

4.3

1.8

13.4

13.4

an

pe

om

From

ingd

1.7
2.9
2.1

4.7
17.2
23.0
34.9

6.0
7.0

17.9

2.1

3.1
25.7
0.9
1.1
40.6 109.5

40.6 109.5

Unit

w ay

s
land

N or

her
N et

Boli

via

xico
Me

C an

To

US

ad a

Billion cubic metres

O th
e
A m r S. &
eric
a Cent.

Natural gas: Trade movements 2015 by pipeline

3.9

9.4
13.4
13.4

6.4

1.3

7.7
7.7

74.4
19.8
29.9
124.1
5.4
11.0
2.1
18.5
6.0
23.7
7.7
2.7
35.9
104.0
2.5
5.8
4.3
50.2
30.2
11.1
12.9
15.2
39.7
29.0
20.4
401.4
16.8
7.9
16.9
16.2
5.1
62.9
7.5
2.1
17.7
27.3
4.0
4.9
8.9
6.4
33.6
2.6
9.1
9.4
61.2
704.1

Source: Includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS.

Natural gas: Trade movements 2015 as liquefied natural gas

Less than 0.05.

*Includes re-exports.

28

0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.5

0.1
1.2

0.1

0.1

0.2
1.2
0.4

0.5
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1

1.7
4.9

0.2

10.5

3.5
0.3

14.5
14.5

0.7

0.7

0.5

1.5

2.0

3.8

0.4

5.8
0.1
2.9

1.7
11.9

1.2
0.1 27.8
0.6
4.3

2.0
0.1
6.5
0.8 13.5
3.2 20.2
0.2
0.2

0.5

0.6
5.2 16.3

8.7

2.9
9.5 69.5
10.2 106.4

0.1

0.1

0.2
7.4

7.5
7.6

0.2

0.2

0.4
0.4
0.3

0.7

1.8
2.0

4.3

3.7
3.8
0.4
0.9
13.1

0.5
0.5

1.0
0.5

0.5

2.6
16.2

0.7
0.1
7.2
1.2
25.7
0.4
0.3
1.0
2.5
0.3
0.3
38.9
39.8

0.3
0.3

0.2
0.1
3.9
0.3
8.9

0.2
4.9
3.1

21.3
21.9

ia

0.1

4.4
0.2
21.5

4.8
3.0
0.2
34.1
34.2

Pap
Guinua New
ea
O th
e
Pac r A sia
ific*
Tot
impal
or t
s

lays
Ma

nes

ia

0.2

5.8
0.2

1.6
0.9

8.6
8.7

Indo

nei
Bru

trali

2.0
2.0
1.2
2.4

0.3
3.8

1.0

3.6
1.5

1.4
7.6
1.6
0.1
0.4
3.1
6.4
0.3
0.3

1.6
0.1
0.2
12.3
27.5

Aus

eria

0.2
0.3
0.2

0.6

0.1
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.9
0.1

4.1
5.0

pt

ola

Nig

A lg

en
Yem

Unit
Em e d A r a
irate b
s

ar
Q at

an
Om

O th
Eu r e r
ope
*
Rus
Fed sian
er at
ion

w ay

0.3

0.1
0.4
0.8
0.9
0.2

1.8

0.5

0.7
0.2
0.1
1.7
3.1

0.1
0.1

0.1
0.2

0.1

0.5
6.0

Eq u
Guinatorial
ea

3.5
3.5

0.3

0.9

1.2

0.1
0.2

0.3
5.0

N or

u
Per

Trin
& T idad
oba
go

2.0
0.5
0.4
3.0
2.7
1.2
3.8
2.5
10.2

1.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
1.8
1.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1

0.1
0.1

0.7
17.0

Eg y

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.5
0.8

A ng

US
Canada
Mexico
North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Other S. & Cent. America
S. & Cent. America
Belgium
France
Italy
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other Europe & Eurasia
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East
Africa
China
India
Japan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Asia Pacific
Total exports

U S*

To

eria

From

Billion cubic metres

2.1
0.1
5.3

0.3
1.8

9.7
9.7

0.2
0.2

0.3

0.3

0.5
0.9

2.6
0.6
7.1
10.3
5.8
7.1
4.2
2.8
20.0
3.8
6.6
6.0
13.1
7.5
12.8
5.3
55.0
10.5
3.8
26.2
21.7
118.0
2.2
1.5
3.0
43.7
18.7
3.6
238.6
338.3

Source: Includes data from GIIGNL, IHS Waterborne, PIRA Energy Group, Wood Mackenzie.

Major trade movements 2015

Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres)

133.2

33.2
26.6
74.3

19.8

9.4

1.8
7.6

27.9
14.1

16.9

10.5

31.1
22.2

13.1
13.1

3.8

7.2

29.6

29.9
19.8
14.9

11.4

7.2

8.7

7.0

36.2

9.4

10.5

2.4

6.4

10.8
5.4

US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific

25.7

8.3

2.7

6.4

Pipeline gas
Source: Includes data from FGE MENAgas service, GIIGNL, IHS Waterborne, PIRA Energy Group, Wood Mackenzie.

LNG

Gas trade in 2014 and 2015 in billion cubic metres

Billion cubic metres

US
Canada
Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
Other S. & Cent. America
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other CIS
Qatar
Other Middle East
Algeria
Other Africa
China
Japan
Indonesia
South Korea
Other Asia Pacific
Total World
Less than 0.05.

Pipeline
imports

74.6
21.8
20.6

18.7
28.6
88.4
46.6
23.2

17.0
41.1
29.4
102.4
24.2
17.5
30.3

27.4

8.8
31.3

25.4
677.1

2014
LNG
imports

1.7
0.5
9.4

20.9
7.2

4.6
1.1

15.5
7.3
10.7
5.4

5.4

26.5
122.9

48.6
44.6
332.3

Pipeline
exports

LNG
exports

Pipeline
imports

42.4
74.6

18.7
1.9
20.0
0.2
46.1
102.4

0.6
10.0
8.9
187.7

69.0
20.5
9.6
25.4
10.9

9.7

18.7
677.1

0.5

18.4
5.8
0.5

0.6
5.3
5.1

2.1
14.3

102.9
27.1
17.5
31.9

21.8
0.2
78.4
332.3

74.4
19.8
29.9

18.5
35.9
104.0
50.2
30.2

15.2
39.7
29.0
97.2
16.9
16.2
29.8

27.3

8.9
33.6

27.6
704.1

2015
LNG
imports

2.6
0.6
7.1

20.0
6.6

6.0
2.0

13.1
7.5
12.8
7.1

10.5

3.8
26.2
118.0

43.7
50.7
338.3

Pipeline
exports

LNG
exports

49.7
74.3

18.5
1.6
29.0
0.2
40.6
109.5
0.5
0.6
13.4
13.1
193.0

64.5
19.8
8.4
25.0
11.1

10.5

21.0
704.1

0.8

17.0
5.0
0.4

1.2
6.0
1.6

0.3
1.4
14.5

106.4
19.8
16.2
32.5

21.9
0.3
93.0
338.3

Source: Includes data from FGE MENAgas service, GIIGNL, IHS Waterborne, PIRA Energy Group, Wood Mackenzie.

29

Coal
Total proved reserves at end 2015
Million tonnes

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Serbia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Middle East
Total Middle East & Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Mongolia
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

Anthracite
and
bituminous

Subbituminous
and lignite

Total

108501
3474
860
112835

6746
479
57
7282
2
181
48

13
21500
4178
10
49088
1
200
322
15351
228
47
1388
92557
30156
502
942
1122
32722
37100
62200
56100

337
1170
33

150
713
157803
403199
155494
247705
4883
86524

128794
3108
351
132253
6630

729
7359
2364
871
40500
3020
1647
12100
1287
281
107922
13410
330
8380
18522

1853
5494
217981

214

214
39300
52300
4500
28017
10
1350
538
2070
126
1239

1075
130525
488332
229321
259011
51199
141309

237295
6582
1211
245088
6630
6746
479
786
14641
2366
1052
40548
3020
1660
33600
5465
291
157010
13411
530
8702
33873
228
1900
6882
310538
30156
502
1156
1122
32936
76400
114500
60600
28017
347
2520
571
2070
126
1239
150
1788
288328
891531
384815
506716
56082
227833

Share
of total

R/P ratio

26.6%
0.7%
0.1%
27.5%
0.7%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
1.6%
0.3%
0.1%
4.5%
0.3%
0.2%
3.8%
0.6%

292
108
84
276
*
79
*
244
150
66
23
220
63
180
316
40
11
422
352
173
192
*
27
481
187
273
120
121
122
*
123
158
31
89
71
296
103
168
*
71
82
4
37
53
114
206
85
112
435

17.6%
1.5%
0.1%
1.0%
3.8%

0.2%
0.8%
34.8%
3.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
3.7%
8.6%
12.8%
6.8%
3.1%

0.3%
0.1%
0.2%

0.1%

0.2%
32.3%
100.0%
43.2%
56.8%
6.3%
25.6%

*More than 500 years.

Source of reserves data: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey, World Energy Council.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Total proved reserves of coal Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved coal reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for
determining proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BPs view of proved reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios are calculated excluding other solid fuels in reserves and production.

Less

Prices
US dollars per tonne

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Northwest
Europe
marker price

US Central
Appalachian coal
spot price index

Japan coking
coal import
cif price

Japan steam
coal import
cif price

Asian
marker
price

44.50
41.25
38.92
32.00
28.79
35.99
39.03
31.65
43.60
72.08
60.54
64.11
88.79
147.67
70.66
92.50
121.52
92.50
81.69
75.38
56.64

27.01
29.86
29.76
31.00
31.29
29.90
50.15
33.20
38.52
64.90
70.12
62.96
51.16
118.79
68.08
71.63
87.38
72.06
71.39
69.00
53.59

54.47
56.68
55.51
50.76
42.83
39.69
41.33
42.01
41.57
60.96
89.33
93.46
88.24
179.03
167.82
158.95
229.12
191.46
140.45
114.41
93.85

47.58
49.54
45.53
40.51
35.74
34.58
37.96
36.90
34.74
51.34
62.91
63.04
69.86
122.81
110.11
105.19
136.21
133.61
111.16
97.65
79.47

29.48
27.82
31.76
36.89
30.41
36.53
72.42
61.84
56.47
84.57
148.06
78.81
105.43
125.74
105.50
90.90
77.89
63.52

Source: IHS McCloskey Northwest Europe prices for 1995-2000 are the average of the monthly marker, 2001-2015 the average of weekly prices. The Asian prices are the average of the
monthly marker.
Source: Platts. Prices are for Central Appalachian 12,500 BTU, 1.2 SO2 coal, fob. Prices for 1995-2000 are by coal price publication date, 2001-2015 by coal price assessment date.
Note: cif = cost+insurance+freight (average prices); fob = free on board.

30

Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Years

History

2015 by region
300

250

North
America

S. & Cent.
America

Europe &
Eurasia

Middle East
& Africa

600

North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East & Africa
Asia Pacific
World

500

200

400

150

300

100

200

50

100

Asia
Pacific

95

00

05

10

15

World proved coal reserves in 2015 were sufficient to meet 114 years of global production, by far the largest R/P ratio for any fossil fuel. By region, Europe & Eurasia holds
the largest proved reserves while North America has the highest R/P ratio 276 years. The Asia Pacific region holds the second-largest reserves, but higher rates of
production accounting for 70.6% of global output leave it with the lowest regional R/P ratio (53 years).

Distribution of proved reserves in 1995, 2005 and 2015

Percentage

Europe & Eurasia

Asia Pacific
North America
Middle East & Africa
S. & Cent. America

6.0

1.0 38.5
5.6

2.2 31.6
3.7 1.6 34.8

1995
Total 1031610
million tonnes

2005
Total 909064
million tonnes

2015
Total 891531
million tonnes

24.3
28.0

32.7

27.5
32.3

30.2

Source: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey, World Energy Council.

31

Coal: Production*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Serbia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Total Middle East
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Mongolia
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

580.2
35.3
6.1
621.6
2.8
38.8
5.3
0.4
47.2
4.2
23.6
56.6
8.5
1.7
37.3
69.4
6.6
135.6
n/a
6.6
11.2
34.9
12.7
0.9
22.9
432.7
1.0
138.4
2.2
1.0
141.5
206.5
1241.7
189.9
93.9
0.6
3.7
3.3
1.6
1.3
6.1
19.1
22.0
1789.5
3033.6
1033.9
1999.6
198.8
209.4

595.1
34.8
6.8
636.7
2.6
43.0
5.2
0.4
51.2
4.3
23.9
53.3
8.2
1.8
41.4
68.0
6.5
141.0
n/a
6.2
13.2
35.7
11.4
0.8
24.8
440.4
1.0
138.3
1.4
1.1
140.7
211.6
1328.4
198.2
119.2
0.7
4.1
3.6
1.8
1.3
5.5
21.7
22.4
1918.5
3188.5
1051.3
2137.2
193.2
219.5

587.7
35.7
7.3
630.7
2.7
45.4
5.0
0.3
53.4
4.7
23.8
54.4
8.4
1.8
42.2
62.5
6.9
143.5
8.0
5.9
14.8
34.0
10.7
1.0
16.3
438.8
1.1
138.4
1.3
0.8
140.5
217.9
1439.3
210.3
133.4
0.8
4.8
3.0
1.7
1.3
5.3
23.8
20.6
2062.2
3326.7
1046.8
2280.0
187.0
221.5

596.7
35.6
6.9
639.2
2.9
47.8
3.7
0.4
54.8
4.8
22.8
50.1
8.1
1.7
47.9
60.9
7.0
149.0
8.3
4.4
16.7
34.4
11.3
0.9
16.5
444.8
1.0
141.0
1.0
0.9
142.8
224.9
1491.8
227.5
147.8
0.7
5.2
3.0
1.8
1.3
5.2
22.3
22.0
2153.4
3436.0
1055.3
2380.7
178.9
233.0

540.8
33.1
6.1
580.0
2.3
47.3
2.4
0.4
52.4
4.6
20.9
46.4
8.2
1.6
43.4
56.4
6.6
141.7
7.4
3.8
17.4
31.8
11.0
1.0
16.6
418.8
0.7
139.7
1.1
0.8
141.6
232.6
1537.9
246.0
157.6
0.7
8.2
2.8
1.6
1.2
5.1
24.7
23.5
2241.8
3435.3
993.5
2441.8
167.9
218.8

551.2
35.4
7.3
594.0
2.3
48.3
1.9
0.4
52.9
4.9
20.6
45.9
7.3
1.6
47.5
55.4
5.9
151.0
7.2
3.3
17.5
31.8
11.4
1.0
16.9
429.2
0.7
144.1
1.7
1.0
146.8
240.5
1665.3
252.4
169.2
0.5
15.2
3.3
1.5
1.0
5.3
25.1
24.7
2404.0
3627.6
1013.2
2614.4
165.6
232.0

556.1
35.5
9.4
600.9
2.4
55.8
1.9
0.4
60.5
6.2
20.8
46.7
7.5
1.6
49.8
55.7
6.6
157.6
7.8
2.6
17.9
36.3
11.5
1.1
17.1
446.8
0.7
143.2
1.7
1.3
146.1
233.4
1851.7
250.8
217.3
0.7
19.9
3.1
1.4
1.0
6.2
26.1
24.8
2636.4
3891.4
1013.7
2877.8
168.4
245.7

517.8
35.9
7.4
561.1
2.9
58.0
1.4
0.5
62.7
5.6
19.8
47.8
8.0
1.6
51.6
57.8
6.3
168.3
7.3
2.5
17.0
38.0
10.6
1.2
15.6
459.0
0.7
146.6
1.0
4.5
152.1
250.4
1873.5
255.0
237.3
0.7
18.1
3.0
1.5
1.0
5.2
23.6
25.2
2694.6
3930.2
990.1
2940.1
167.7
260.3

500.9
36.6
7.2
544.6
3.7
55.6
0.9
1.7
61.9
4.8
17.7
45.1
6.7
1.6
51.4
57.2
4.6
173.1
7.7
1.8
15.5
36.6
8.0
1.1
18.0
450.9
0.7
145.4
2.0
5.4
152.8
268.2
1894.6
255.7
276.2
0.7
18.0
2.8
1.3
0.8
5.3
23.0
28.9
2775.5
3986.5
983.3
3003.2
157.3
263.5

508.0
35.8
7.2
551.1
3.4
57.6
0.6
2.4
64.0
5.1
16.7
44.1
6.4
1.6
48.9
54.0
4.4
176.6
5.7
1.6
16.4
25.9
7.3
1.2
17.2
433.1
0.7
148.2
3.7
5.9
157.8
287.3
1864.2
271.0
281.7
0.7
15.4
2.5
1.5
0.8
5.2
23.4
28.5
2782.2
3988.9
1002.8
2986.1
150.3
254.2

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

455.2
32.1
7.0
494.3
3.4
55.6
0.6
1.7
61.3
5.9
16.4
42.9
6.0
1.5
45.8
53.7
4.8
184.5
7.3
1.2
11.7
16.4
5.3
1.1
15.3
419.8
0.7
142.9
2.7
5.9
151.4
275.0
1827.0
283.9
241.1
0.6
14.9
2.0
1.5
0.8
4.4
23.3
28.1
2702.6
3830.1
921.4
2908.8
145.3
249.4

-10.4%
-10.3%
-3.2%
-10.3%

-3.4%
0.1%
-27.7%
-4.1%
14.7%
-1.8%
-2.7%
-6.1%
-3.5%
-6.3%
-0.6%
8.4%
4.5%
27.7%
-24.5%
-28.4%
-36.7%
-26.8%
-8.8%
-11.5%
-3.1%

-3.6%
-28.1%
0.2%
-4.0%
-4.3%
-2.0%
4.7%
-14.4%
-10.5%
-3.1%
-16.6%
-2.3%
0.9%
-15.7%
-0.4%
-1.4%
-2.9%
-4.0%
-8.1%
-2.6%
-3.4%
-1.9%

2015
share of
total

11.9%
0.8%
0.2%
12.9%
0.1%
1.5%

1.6%
0.2%
0.4%
1.1%
0.2%

1.2%
1.4%
0.1%
4.8%
0.2%

0.3%
0.4%
0.1%

0.4%
11.0%

3.7%
0.1%
0.2%
4.0%
7.2%
47.7%
7.4%
6.3%

0.4%
0.1%

0.1%
0.6%
0.7%
70.6%
100.0%
24.1%
75.9%
3.8%
6.5%

*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for Coal-to-Liquids
and Coal-to-Gas transformations.
than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Coal production data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

Less

32

Coal: Consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

574.5
31.0
11.5
616.9
1.1
13.0
2.8
1.3

0.9

1.8
21.0
4.0

0.7
5.2
6.9
20.2
3.7
4.1
13.4
81.3
8.9
3.0
2.7
16.5
26.9
0.2
8.1
0.7
55.1
3.3
8.8
94.6
4.2
20.5
2.6
0.1
22.5

37.5
37.4
0.9
20.7
514.9
1.6
7.9

0.1
0.1
9.8
0.6
0.9
80.1
7.9
89.4
53.9
0.5
1318.2
6.9
211.3
24.4
114.0
6.9
2.3
3.8
4.6

54.8
35.3
11.6
9.0
21.3
1878.6
3130.6
1175.3
1955.4
316.0
161.4

565.7
30.1
12.3
608.1
1.1
12.8
3.4
4.1

0.8

0.2
2.1
24.5
4.1

0.6
5.0
7.0
21.0
5.6
6.8
12.4
84.5
8.4
3.1
2.4
16.7
28.3
0.2
7.7
0.6
57.4
3.3
9.5
97.0
4.5
17.9
2.7
0.2
26.6

39.8
40.9
0.8
21.2
536.3
1.5
7.8

0.3
0.1
9.8
0.9
0.9
81.5
7.3
90.6
56.6
0.5
1448.4
6.9
219.4
28.9
112.3
7.3
2.2
4.0
5.0

54.8
37.0
12.4
5.3
21.9
2022.9
3292.2
1182.0
2110.2
326.6
167.3

573.3
31.2
11.3
615.8
1.2
13.6
4.1
3.5

1.0

0.1
2.2
25.7
3.9

0.7
4.4
7.9
21.4
4.7
6.4
12.8
86.7
8.8
3.1
2.3
16.3
31.1
0.2
8.4
0.7
55.9
2.9
10.2
93.9
4.0
20.0
2.7
0.2
29.5

39.8
38.4
1.0
21.8
540.2
1.6
8.0

0.1
0.1
0.1
9.9
0.8
0.8
83.6
6.8
92.0
54.9
0.6
1576.9
7.5
240.1
36.2
117.7
8.8
1.7
5.4
5.4

59.7
38.8
13.9
5.8
18.8
2192.3
3476.0
1201.1
2274.9
327.8
167.3

564.2
30.3
10.1
604.5
1.4
13.8
4.4
5.8

0.9

0.1
2.3
28.6
3.8

0.6
4.6
7.6
19.7
4.1
4.8
12.1
80.1
8.3
3.1
2.3
15.8
33.8
0.2
8.0
0.7
55.2
2.5
9.6
100.7
4.0
13.5
2.4
0.2
29.6

41.8
35.6
1.0
22.4
528.0
1.2
7.9

0.1
0.3
0.2
9.7
0.8
0.7
93.3
6.7
101.4
55.4
0.6
1603.1
6.9
259.4
31.5
120.3
9.8
2.1
6.0
6.4

66.1
37.0
15.1
11.4
20.6
2251.7
3523.9
1176.1
2347.8
303.1
179.0

496.2
24.2
10.3
530.7
1.0
11.1
4.0
4.5

0.8

0.2
2.0
23.7
2.9

0.6
3.2
6.4
17.6
4.0
5.0
10.8
71.7
8.4
2.6
2.0
12.4
30.9
0.2
7.5
0.6
51.8
2.9
7.6
92.2
3.9
9.4
1.9
0.1
30.9

35.9
29.8
1.0
21.4
475.4
1.4
7.7

0.6
0.2
9.9
0.5
0.6
93.8
5.9
100.8
53.4
0.8
1680.4
7.2
282.8
33.2
101.6
10.6
1.6
4.9
6.1

68.6
35.2
15.1
10.7
20.9
2333.2
3473.6
1051.7
2421.9
267.0
161.5

525.0
25.2
12.7
563.0
1.3
14.5
4.5
5.4

0.8

0.2
2.1
28.7
3.4

0.6
3.8
6.9
18.4
3.8
6.3
11.5
77.1
7.9
2.7
2.0
13.7
33.4
0.2
7.5
0.8
55.1
1.6
7.0
90.5
3.9
6.9
2.5
0.1
31.4

38.3
30.9
0.9
22.5
491.6
1.3
7.7

0.1
0.7
0.3
10.1
0.3
0.5
92.8
6.9
100.4
50.6
0.8
1743.4
6.2
292.9
39.5
115.7
14.8
1.4
4.6
7.0

75.9
37.6
15.5
14.0
20.5
2440.4
3634.3
1115.7
2518.6
279.3
164.6

495.4
22.2
14.7
532.3
1.5
15.4
5.8
4.3

0.8

0.2
2.5
30.6
3.5

0.8
3.5
8.1
18.1
3.2
5.0
9.8
78.3
7.9
2.7
1.9
15.4
36.3
0.2
7.5
0.8
55.0
2.2
8.2
94.0
3.7
12.8
2.5
0.1
33.9

41.5
31.4
1.1
24.6
514.1
1.4
7.9

0.1
1.2
0.4
11.1
0.3
0.4
90.4
7.4
98.5
50.2
0.7
1899.0
7.4
300.4
46.9
109.6
14.8
1.4
4.0
7.7

83.6
38.9
15.8
16.5
16.5
2613.5
3800.0
1095.8
2704.2
287.3
174.7

437.9
21.2
12.8
472.0
1.3
15.3
6.7
5.1

0.9

0.2
2.5
32.1
3.2

0.8
3.3
6.9
17.2
2.5
4.0
11.1
80.5
8.1
2.6
2.3
15.7
36.5
0.2
8.2
0.8
51.2
2.9
7.6
98.4
3.5
15.5
2.2
0.1
36.5

42.5
39.0
1.2
22.9
527.4
1.1
8.8

0.1
1.7
0.6
12.3
0.3
0.4
88.3
6.8
95.8
47.3
0.9
1923.0
7.3
330.0
53.0
115.8
15.9
1.7
4.2
8.1

81.0
38.0
16.4
15.0
17.2
2674.8
3814.4
1049.1
2765.3
293.7
180.7

454.6
20.8
12.7
488.1
1.3
16.5
7.5
5.8

0.9

0.2
2.6
34.8
3.3

0.9
3.4
5.9
16.4
3.2
4.5
11.8
82.8
7.0
2.3
2.0
13.5
36.3
0.2
8.2
0.8
53.4
2.7
5.8
90.5
3.5
11.4
2.2
0.1
31.6

41.6
37.1
1.1
23.8
507.2
1.2
7.4

0.1
1.4
0.7
10.8
0.2
0.4
88.9
8.4
97.8
45.0
1.0
1964.4
7.8
355.6
57.6
120.7
15.1
1.5
3.2
10.0
0.3
81.9
38.6
15.8
15.8
17.7
2752.0
3890.7
1059.2
2831.5
287.1
171.8

453.8
21.4
12.8
487.9
1.5
17.6
7.6
6.0

0.9

0.2
3.0
36.7
3.0

1.0
3.3
6.4
15.9
2.6
4.1
8.7
78.8
6.7
2.2
2.0
13.1
35.5
0.2
9.1
0.9
49.4
2.7
5.8
87.6
3.4
11.6
2.1
0.1
36.1

35.6
29.9
1.2
22.0
481.0
1.2
6.9

0.1
1.6
0.8
10.7
0.2
0.7
90.1
11.4
102.4
44.7
0.9
1949.3
8.1
388.7
69.8
118.7
15.4
1.5
4.7
10.6
0.4
84.6
39.0
17.9
19.3
18.8
2792.5
3911.2
1043.2
2867.9
267.2
162.6

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

396.3
19.8
12.8
429.0
1.4
17.4
7.2
7.0

0.9

0.2
3.0
37.1
3.2

0.8
3.2
6.7
15.6
1.8
3.5
8.7
78.3
5.7
2.2
2.2
12.4
32.6
0.2
10.6
0.8
49.8
3.3
6.1
88.7
3.3
14.4
2.1
0.2
34.4

29.2
23.4
1.1
23.4
467.9
1.2
6.7

0.1
1.6
0.8
10.5
0.2
0.7
85.0
11.0
96.9
46.6
0.8
1920.4
6.7
407.2
80.3
119.4
17.6
1.4
4.7
11.4
0.4
84.5
37.8
17.6
22.2
19.3
2798.5
3839.9
979.2
2860.7
262.4
154.2

-12.7%
-7.3%
0.7%
-12.1%
-5.5%
-0.8%
-4.9%
18.3%

-0.5%

-8.3%
-0.7%
1.2%
7.4%

-18.9%
-3.6%
4.2%
-2.0%
-32.6%
-15.4%

-0.6%
-14.1%
-2.8%
8.2%
-4.7%
-8.3%
-22.5%
17.4%
-8.8%
0.7%
23.2%
6.9%
1.3%
-2.6%
23.9%
0.6%
10.6%
-4.7%

-18.0%
-21.6%
-8.8%
6.3%
-2.7%
1.2%
-1.9%

-29.5%

-2.8%
-1.7%

1.1%
-5.6%
-3.9%
-5.4%
4.3%
-10.9%
-1.5%
-17.8%
4.8%
15.0%
0.6%
14.8%
-1.7%
-1.5%
7.4%

-0.2%
-3.1%
-1.8%
15.4%
2.7%
0.2%
-1.8%
-6.1%
-0.3%
-1.8%
-5.2%

2015
share of
total

10.3%
0.5%
0.3%
11.2%

0.5%
0.2%
0.2%

0.1%
1.0%
0.1%

0.1%
0.2%
0.4%

0.1%
0.2%
2.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.8%

0.3%

1.3%
0.1%
0.2%
2.3%
0.1%
0.4%
0.1%

0.9%

0.8%
0.6%

0.6%
12.2%

0.2%

0.3%

2.2%
0.3%
2.5%
1.2%

50.0%
0.2%
10.6%
2.1%
3.1%
0.5%

0.1%
0.3%

2.2%
1.0%
0.5%
0.6%
0.5%
72.9%
100.0%
25.5%
74.5%
6.8%
4.0%

*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous
fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes.

Less than 0.05.

Less

than 0.05%.
Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement
or conversion of coal supply and demand data.

33

Coal: Production by region

Coal: Consumption by region

Million tonnes oil equivalent

Million tonnes oil equivalent

Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

90

95

00

05

10

15

4500

4500

4000

4000

3500

3500

3000

3000

2500

2500

2000

2000

1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500

90

95

00

05

10

15

World production and consumption of coal declined in 2015, by 4% and 1.8%, respectively. Production fell for the first time since 1998, with large declines in Asia Pacific
(-2.9%) and North America (-10.3%). China remained by far the worlds largest producer even though output fell by 2%. Coal consumption declined in all regions except
South & Central America and Asia Pacific. The US and China accounted for all of the net decline in global consumption.

Coal prices
US dollars per tonne
250

Northwest Europe marker price

US Central Appalachian coal spot price index
Japan coking coal import cif price
Japan steam coal import cif price
Asian Marker price

200

150

100

50

98

34

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

Nuclear energy
Consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
NonOECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

186.3
20.7
2.4
209.4
1.6
2.2

3.8

10.8
4.2
5.6

5.3
102.2
36.9

3.1

2.3
0.9

1.3
33.4
4.0
13.0
16.6
5.2

20.1
18.5

1.9
285.4

2.7

2.7

12.0

4.0

66.3

0.6

33.2
9.0

125.2
626.4
532.4
94.0
226.0
54.1

187.5
22.0
2.5
212.0
1.7
3.1

4.9

10.6
4.4
5.9

5.2
101.9
37.9

3.0

2.0
0.8

1.3
35.4
4.1
13.6
15.5
6.3

20.4
17.1

1.9
287.1

2.4

2.4

12.4

4.0

69.0

0.6

33.7
9.0

128.7
635.0
537.6
97.4
224.4
56.4

192.1
21.0
2.4
215.4
1.6
2.8

4.4

10.9
3.3
5.9

5.4
99.5
31.8

3.3

2.2
1.0

1.7
36.2
3.5
12.5
15.3
6.3

20.9
14.3

1.9
275.9

2.7

2.7

14.1

4.0

63.1

0.6

32.3
9.2

123.3
621.8
521.8
100.0
211.8
57.7

192.0
21.6
2.2
215.8
1.7
3.2

4.8

10.3
3.6
6.0

5.3
99.4
33.7

3.4

2.2
0.9

2.5
36.9
3.8
13.3
14.6
6.2

20.3
11.9

2.0
276.3

3.1

3.1

15.5

3.4

57.0

0.4

34.2
9.2

119.7
619.8
517.1
102.7
212.3
57.8

190.3
20.2
2.4
212.9
1.9
2.9

4.8

10.7
3.5
6.2

5.4
92.7
30.5

3.5

2.5
1.0

2.7
37.0
3.2
11.9
11.9
6.2

18.8
15.6

1.9
265.0

3.1

3.1

15.9

3.8

65.0

0.6

33.4
9.4

128.2
613.9
511.5
102.4
202.5
56.3

192.2
20.4
1.3
213.9
1.6
3.3

4.9

10.8
3.5
6.3

5.2
96.9
31.8

3.6

0.9

2.6
38.6
3.3
14.0
13.2
6.0

20.2
14.1

1.8
272.9

2.9

2.9

16.7

5.2

66.2

0.5

33.6
9.4

131.7
626.3
521.2
105.1
207.6
59.3

188.2
21.0
2.3
211.5
1.4
3.5

5.0

10.9
3.7
6.4

5.3
100.0
24.4

3.5

0.9

2.7
39.1
3.5
13.1
13.8
6.1

20.4
15.6

2.0
271.5

3.2

3.2

19.5

7.3

36.9

0.9

35.0
9.5

109.1
600.4
488.4
111.9
205.3
60.1

183.2
21.3
2.0
206.5
1.4
3.6

5.1

9.1
3.6
6.9

5.3
96.3
22.5

3.6

0.9

2.6
40.2
3.5
13.9
14.6
5.8

20.4
15.9

1.8
266.7
0.3

0.3

2.8

2.8

22.0

7.5

4.1

1.0

34.0
9.1

77.8
559.3
444.1
115.2
199.8
61.1

187.9
23.2
2.7
213.8
1.4
3.5

4.9

9.6
3.2
7.0

5.4
95.9
22.0

3.5

0.7

2.6
39.0
3.6
12.8
15.1
5.9

18.8
16.0

1.7
262.9
0.9

0.9

3.4

3.4

25.3

7.5

3.3

1.2

31.4
9.4

78.1
564.0
447.2
116.8
198.6
58.4

189.9
24.2
2.2
216.3
1.3
3.5

4.8

7.6
3.6
6.9

5.4
98.8
22.0

3.5

0.9

2.6
40.9
3.5
13.0
14.8
6.3

20.0
14.4

2.0
266.2
1.0

1.0

3.3

3.3

30.0

7.8

1.1

35.4
9.6

83.9
575.5
450.2
125.3
198.5
61.5

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

189.9
23.6
2.6
216.1
1.6
3.3

5.0

5.9
3.5
6.1

5.3
99.0
20.7

3.6

0.9

2.6
44.2
3.4
12.9
12.9
5.3

19.8
15.9

1.9
264.0
0.8

0.8

2.4

2.4

38.6

8.6

1.0

1.1

37.3
8.3

94.9
583.1
447.6
135.5
194.1
64.6

-2.5%
19.6%
-0.1%
23.5%
-4.2%

3.4%

-22.6%
-3.1%
-11.5%

-1.4%
0.2%
-5.8%

1.2%

-0.3%

-0.3%
8.0%
-2.3%
-0.2%
-12.6%
-16.2%

-0.9%
10.3%

-4.5%
-0.8%
-18.6%

-18.6%

-25.7%

-25.7%

28.9%

9.5%

-4.7%

5.3%
-14.0%

13.0%
1.3%
-0.6%
8.1%
-2.2%
5.2%

2015
share of
total

32.6%
4.0%
0.4%
37.1%
0.3%
0.6%

0.8%

1.0%
0.6%
1.0%

0.9%
17.0%
3.6%

0.6%

0.2%

0.5%
7.6%
0.6%
2.2%
2.2%
0.9%

3.4%
2.7%

0.3%
45.3%
0.1%

0.1%

0.4%

0.4%

6.6%

1.5%

0.2%

0.2%

6.4%
1.4%

16.3%
100.0%
76.8%
23.2%
33.3%
11.1%

*Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a modern thermal
power station.

Less than 0.05.

Less

than 0.05%.
Note: Nuclear energy data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

35

Hydroelectricity
Consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

61.8
81.9
6.2
150.0
9.0
76.4
6.0
8.9
1.5
4.1

17.4
18.2
141.5
8.3
0.7

0.1
1.0
0.5

3.1
11.6
4.4
1.1

0.1
8.2
1.8
0.1

30.9
0.5
1.1
4.6
39.5
1.0
4.0
16.4
7.1
9.0

2.8
1.1
2.0
19.5
180.5
3.0

2.2
5.1
0.1
2.9
0.3
17.0
20.2
3.6
0.2
89.8

22.0
2.4
17.9
1.2
5.3
6.4
1.9

0.8
0.9
1.3
3.7
6.7
164.1
661.4
294.5
366.9
70.3
54.1

66.1
79.9
6.9
152.8
9.9
78.9
7.0
9.6
1.6
4.4

18.4
18.4
148.3
8.1
0.6

0.1
0.9
0.6

2.6
12.8
4.5
1.3

0.2
8.4
1.8
0.1

27.0
0.5
2.5
4.2
39.6
1.0
5.8
14.0
7.0
10.0

2.9
1.0
2.1
18.9
178.3
4.2

2.5
6.6

2.9
0.7
18.1
21.8
3.6
0.2
98.6

25.4
2.2
20.4
1.6
5.3
7.1
2.2

0.8
0.9
1.8
4.5
7.6
182.3
690.2
299.9
390.3
71.3
54.3

56.6
83.2
6.1
145.9
8.6
84.6
5.2
10.0
2.0
4.4

18.8
19.4
153.0
8.4
0.5

0.1
0.7
0.5

3.2
13.2
4.8
0.6

0.2
7.4
1.8
0.1

30.2
0.5
2.3
3.6
40.5
1.0
6.2
15.0
8.0
8.1

2.3
1.1
1.4
17.7
179.5
4.1

2.2
6.3
0.1
3.5
0.2
17.7
21.5
3.3
0.2
109.8

27.7
2.6
17.5
1.5
5.3
6.8
1.9

0.8
1.0
1.8
5.1
8.2
193.5
699.7
291.5
408.2
71.2
54.1

58.2
85.4
8.8
152.5
8.5
83.6
5.7
10.4
2.5
4.3

19.6
19.5
154.1
8.7
0.5

0.1
0.7
0.5

3.9
14.5
4.6
0.7

0.2
9.4
1.7
0.1

31.5
0.5
1.5
3.9
37.7
0.9
5.3
15.6
8.2
7.5

2.6
1.2
2.6
18.5
183.1
1.7

1.5
3.2
0.1
3.3
0.3
18.2
21.9
2.7
0.2
144.1

26.0
2.6
17.5
1.9
5.1
6.4
2.2

0.7
1.0
1.6
5.9
8.6
226.5
741.4
302.8
438.6
75.3
51.5

62.5
83.4
6.0
151.9
9.3
88.5
5.9
9.2
2.1
4.5

19.4
19.2
158.1
9.3
0.5

0.1
0.8
0.5

2.9
13.0
4.3
1.2
0.1
0.2
11.1
1.6
0.1

28.3
0.5
1.9
3.5
39.9
1.0
6.0
14.8
8.1
8.1

2.7
1.2
2.1
20.3
184.0
1.5

1.3
2.8
0.1
2.9
0.3
19.0
22.3
2.5
0.1
139.3

24.0
2.6
16.4
1.6
5.5
6.4
2.2

0.6
0.8
1.6
6.8
8.3
218.7
737.9
299.3
438.5
76.0
53.1

59.5
79.5
8.3
147.3
9.2
91.3
5.0
9.2
2.0
4.5

17.3
20.2
158.8
8.7
0.8

0.1
1.1
0.6

2.9
14.3
4.7
1.7

0.1
11.6
1.8
0.1

26.4
0.7
3.7
4.5
38.1
1.2
9.6
15.2
8.2
11.7

2.9
0.8
2.5
23.4
197.5
2.2

1.9
4.0

3.0
0.5
21.1
24.5
3.8
0.2
163.4

25.0
3.9
20.6
1.6
5.6
6.8
1.8

0.8
0.9
1.2
6.2
10.2
252.1
784.2
309.2
475.0
85.6
53.0

73.0
85.0
8.1
166.1
9.0
96.9
4.7
11.0
2.5
4.9

18.8
20.6
168.4
7.7
0.6

0.7
0.5

2.8
10.3
4.0
0.9
0.1
0.2
10.4
1.8
0.1

27.2
0.5
2.6
3.3
37.3
0.8
6.9
15.2
7.2
11.8

2.4
1.3
2.3
19.4
178.4
2.4

1.9
4.3
0.1
2.9
0.5
20.5
24.0
3.2
0.2
158.2

29.8
2.8
19.3
1.8
5.7
6.9
2.2

1.0
0.9
1.8
9.3
11.4
254.4
795.5
314.2
481.4
71.0
51.9

63.1
86.1
7.1
156.3
8.4
94.0
4.6
10.8
2.8
5.0

18.5
21.3
165.3
9.9
0.4

0.1
0.7
0.5

3.8
13.4
5.0
1.0

0.2
9.5
1.7
0.1

32.1
0.5
1.3
2.7
37.3
0.9
4.6
17.9
8.6
13.1

2.4
1.2
2.5
19.8
191.2
2.8

2.3
5.1
0.1
3.0
0.3
22.1
25.4
3.8
0.2
197.3

26.2
2.9
18.3
2.1
5.2
6.7
2.3

0.9
1.3
1.9
11.9
11.3
292.2
835.6
316.2
519.3
76.2
51.9

61.4
88.7
6.2
156.3
9.3
88.5
4.5
10.0
2.5
5.1

18.9
22.0
160.6
9.5
0.3

0.1
0.9
0.6

2.9
15.8
5.2
1.4

0.1
11.9
1.7
0.1

29.0
0.6
3.1
3.3
41.3
1.1
8.3
13.9
8.6
13.4

3.1
1.1
2.6
22.5
202.8
3.4

2.0
5.4

3.0
0.3
23.5
26.8
4.4
0.2
208.2

29.8
3.8
19.0
2.7
5.2
7.1
2.3

1.0
1.2
1.2
12.9
13.7
312.9
864.8
321.1
543.7
83.8
56.5

59.3
86.6
8.6
154.5
9.3
84.5
5.2
10.1
2.6
5.0

16.7
20.9
154.4
9.3
0.3

0.1
1.0
0.4

3.0
14.0
4.4
1.0
0.1
0.2
13.1
1.9
0.1

30.6
0.5
3.5
4.2
39.7
1.0
8.8
14.5
8.5
9.2

1.9
1.3
2.3
21.7
196.7
3.4

1.4
4.8

3.0
0.2
23.8
27.0
3.3
0.1
242.8

29.6
3.4
20.0
3.1
5.5
7.4
2.1

0.9
1.0
1.2
13.6
13.0
346.9
884.3
317.3
567.0
84.5
53.3

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

57.4
86.7
6.8
150.9
9.6
81.7
5.3
10.1
3.0
5.3

17.3
20.7
152.9
8.3
0.4

0.1
1.3
0.4

3.8
12.2
4.4
1.3
0.1
0.2
9.9
1.8
0.1

31.1
0.4
2.0
3.7
38.5
0.9
6.3
16.9
8.5
15.1

1.4
1.4
2.5
21.5
194.4
4.1

1.8
5.9

3.0
0.2
23.8
27.0
3.1
0.2
254.9

28.1
3.6
21.9
3.3
5.6
7.8
2.2

0.7
1.0
0.9
14.4
14.1
361.9
892.9
314.6
578.3
76.4
51.5

-3.2%
0.1%
-21.2%
-2.3%
2.3%
-3.3%
1.5%
-0.1%
14.3%
4.9%

3.3%
-0.8%
-1.0%
-10.4%
26.0%

6.3%
25.7%
-6.0%
19.4%
25.3%
-13.0%
-1.4%
24.1%
-22.8%
13.8%
-24.2%
-4.3%
-13.4%
-21.7%
1.5%
-16.0%
-44.4%
-11.9%
-3.0%
-5.8%
-28.8%
16.7%
0.6%
64.6%

-25.7%
7.4%
5.1%
-0.8%
-1.2%
20.4%

33.2%
24.0%
-24.9%

-5.1%
58.6%
5.0%

-4.9%
5.9%
9.1%
8.9%
0.9%
5.2%
7.5%

-24.2%
3.5%
-27.2%
6.4%
8.6%
4.3%
1.0%
-0.8%
2.0%
-9.6%
-3.3%

2015
share of
total

6.4%
9.7%
0.8%
16.9%
1.1%
9.1%
0.6%
1.1%
0.3%
0.6%

1.9%
2.3%
17.1%
0.9%

0.1%

0.4%
1.4%
0.5%
0.1%

1.1%
0.2%

3.5%

0.2%
0.4%
4.3%
0.1%
0.7%
1.9%
1.0%
1.7%

0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
2.4%
21.8%
0.5%

0.2%
0.7%

0.3%

2.7%
3.0%
0.3%

28.5%

3.2%
0.4%
2.4%
0.4%
0.6%
0.9%
0.2%

0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
1.6%
1.6%
40.5%
100.0%
35.2%
64.8%
8.6%
5.8%

*Based on gross primary hydroelectric generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a
modern thermal power station.

Less than 0.05.

Less

than 0.05%.
Note: Hydroelectricity data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

36

Nuclear energy consumption by region

Hydroelectricity consumption by region

Million tonnes oil equivalent

Million tonnes oil equivalent

700

Rest of World
Asia Pacific
Europe & Eurasia
North America

900

Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

600

800

700
500

600

400

500

400

300

300
200

200
100

100

90

95

00

05

10

15

95

90

00

05

10

15

World nuclear power generation increased by 1.3% in 2015, well above the 10-year average of -0.7%. The Asia Pacific region accounted for all of the net increase, driven
by growth in China (+28.9%), which passed South Korea to become the worlds fourth-largest producer of nuclear power. World hydroelectric output grew by a belowaverage 1%, with the Asia Pacific region again accounting for all of the net growth, even though the regions growth was just over half the 10-year average.

Other renewables consumption by region

Other renewables share of power generation by region

Million tonnes oil equivalent

Percentage
400

Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

12

World
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

360

320

11

10

9
280

8
240

200

160

4
120

3
80

2
40

95

97

99

01

03

05

07

09

11

13

15

95

97

99

01

03

05

07

09

11

13

15

Renewable energy in power generation grew by 15.2%, slightly below the 10-year average growth rate, but the largest increment on record (+48 mtoe). Globally, wind
provided the largest growth increment (+28 mtoe), but solar had the highest growth rate (+32.6%). Regionally, Europe & Eurasia and Asia Pacific provided the largest
growth increments (+18.8 mtoe and 17.5 mtoe, respectively). Non-hydro renewable energy accounted for 6.7% of global power generation in 2015, up from 2% a decade
ago. The Europe & Eurasia region has the highest share of power from renewables, at 11.9% (reaching 18.6% in the EU).

37

Renewable energy
Other renewables consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

20.7
2.4
1.8
24.9
0.3
3.1
0.4
0.1

0.1

1.1
5.2
0.9

0.4

0.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
9.7
0.3
0.4
0.3
3.1

1.7
0.2
0.4
0.8

0.1

5.6
1.9
0.2
0.1

2.7

0.5
34.9

0.1
0.1
0.5
0.7
1.2

1.7

2.3
1.5
6.5

1.0

2.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4

0.1
17.4
83.2
68.8
14.4
33.9
0.1

22.8
2.5
1.7
27.0
0.4
3.4
0.3
0.2

0.1

1.2
5.6
1.2

0.5

0.2
2.1
2.5
1.4
11.7
0.4
0.3
0.4
3.5

1.8
0.2
0.5
1.1

0.1
0.1
6.2
2.1
0.3
0.1

3.1

0.7
40.3

0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
1.4

2.5

3.3
1.5
6.6

1.0

2.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5

0.1
20.0
93.9
76.6
17.3
39.0
0.1

24.8
2.6
1.9
29.4
0.4
4.2
0.6
0.2

0.1

1.4
6.9
1.4

0.7

0.3
2.3
2.3
1.9
15.2
0.5
0.3
0.5
3.8

1.7
0.3
0.7
1.4

0.1
0.1
7.2
2.5
0.3
0.2

0.1
3.3

0.9
48.0

0.2
0.1
0.6
0.8
1.6

3.5

4.0
1.6
6.9

1.1

2.3
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.6

0.1
22.7
107.8
87.6
20.3
46.2
0.2

29.7
2.5
1.8
34.0
0.4
4.7
0.7
0.2

0.1

1.6
7.7
1.4

0.9

0.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
16.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
4.1

2.1
0.3
1.0
1.8

0.1
0.1
8.7
2.8
0.3
0.3

0.1
3.8

1.1
54.4

0.1

0.2
0.1
0.6
0.9
1.7

6.4

4.8
1.9
6.8

1.3

2.4
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.5

0.1
26.9
123.9
98.8
25.1
52.4
0.2

33.9
3.3
1.8
39.0
0.4
5.4
1.0
0.2

0.1

1.8
8.9
1.4

1.1
0.1
0.5
2.3
2.0
2.8
17.2
0.6
0.6
0.7
4.6

0.1
2.4
0.3
1.4
2.3

0.1
0.1
10.7
3.1
0.3
0.5

4.5

1.3
61.0
0.1

0.1

0.3
0.1
0.8
1.1
1.7

11.0

6.3
2.1
6.8
0.3
1.6

2.4
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.5

0.1
34.1
144.2
111.2
33.0
58.7
0.2

39.3
4.1
2.0
45.3
0.5
7.6
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2

1.9
11.1
1.5

1.3
0.2
0.7
2.8
2.5
3.4
19.0
0.7
0.6
0.7
5.8

0.1
2.5
0.3
1.8
2.8
0.1
0.1
0.2
12.5
3.5
0.3
0.9

0.1
5.0

1.4
70.9

0.1

0.3
0.1
0.9
1.3
2.0

15.9

7.2
2.1
7.2
0.3
1.8

2.3
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.8

0.1
41.2
169.9
127.8
42.2
68.2
0.2

45.7
4.7
2.0
52.4
0.5
7.9
1.1
0.3
0.1
0.2

2.1
12.1
1.5

1.8
0.2
1.2
3.2
2.6
4.4
24.0
0.9
0.6
1.1
8.4

0.1
2.8
0.4
2.4
2.8
0.4
0.1
0.3
12.6
4.0
0.4
1.3

0.1
6.5

1.6
85.7
0.1
0.1

0.1

0.4
0.1
0.9
1.4
2.4

23.7

8.8
2.2
7.5
0.3
2.0

2.3
0.1
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.2
51.9
203.6
150.7
52.9
82.4
0.2

51.7
4.5
2.4
58.5
0.6
9.1
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.2

2.5
13.9
1.7

2.3
0.5
1.3
3.4
2.6
5.5
27.5
1.3
0.6
1.0
11.4

0.2
2.8
0.4
3.4
3.1
0.6
0.1
0.3
15.0
4.4
0.4
1.7

0.2
8.1

1.9
101.7
0.1
0.1

0.2

0.3
0.1
1.0
1.4
3.0

30.8

10.8
2.2
8.2
0.4
2.0

2.4
0.1
0.7
0.8
1.2

0.2
62.7
238.5
173.5
64.9
97.7
0.3

60.2
5.2
2.6
68.1
0.6
10.6
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.2

2.9
16.2
1.9

2.5
0.6
1.5
3.6
2.9
5.9
29.3
1.8
0.6
1.1
13.4

0.2
2.7
0.5
3.3
3.6
1.2
0.1
0.3
16.3
4.8
0.5
2.3

0.3
11.0

2.0
114.3
0.1
0.1

0.2

0.3
0.1
1.3
1.7
3.7

44.1

12.3
2.2
9.6
0.3
2.0

2.2
0.2
1.0
0.9
1.6

0.2
80.5
281.1
197.5
83.7
109.4
0.5

66.8
6.3
3.0
76.1
0.8
13.2
1.8
0.3
0.1
0.3

3.4
19.9
2.0

0.1
2.7
0.6
1.6
4.1
2.9
6.5
32.3
1.7
0.6
1.3
14.1

0.3
2.6
0.6
4.0
3.6
1.5
0.1
0.4
16.0
5.0
0.6
2.8

0.4
13.3

2.2
124.1
0.1
0.2

0.1

0.4

0.3
0.6
1.8
2.7
4.1

51.9

13.6
2.3
11.6
0.2
2.3
0.2
2.4
0.2
1.2
0.9
2.1

0.2
93.4
316.6
217.9
98.7
118.3
0.6

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

71.7
7.3
3.5
82.6
0.9
16.3
2.0
0.4
0.1
0.4

4.3
24.2
2.4

0.1
3.2
0.7
1.7
4.3
3.1
7.9
40.0
1.9
0.7
1.6
14.7

0.3
2.7
0.6
4.6
3.5
2.2
0.1
0.5
15.4
6.2
0.7
3.8

0.3
17.4

2.3
142.8
0.1
0.3

0.1
0.1
0.5

0.4
1.0
2.4
3.8
4.5
0.1
62.7

15.5
2.4
14.5
0.2
2.4
0.4
2.7
0.2
1.6
1.0
2.3
0.1
0.3
110.9
364.9
246.3
118.5
136.0
0.6

7.5%
17.0%
15.7%
8.6%
5.5%
23.0%
11.0%
3.5%
9.4%
28.7%
18.1%
28.6%
27.2%
21.6%
16.1%
28.6%
53.3%
19.9%
13.4%
4.9%
4.1%
6.7%
20.9%
23.5%
8.7%
2.3%
24.0%
4.5%
35.5%
23.3%
2.2%
11.8%
15.5%
-2.7%
46.5%
6.8%
20.7%
-4.0%
23.1%
10.7%
34.4%
31.8%
-8.0%
31.0%
23.1%
4.7%
15.1%
15.2%
30.9%
36.9%
52.9%

24.7%
199.9%
36.3%
31.1%
4.9%
75.3%
32.6%
37.9%
11.3%
15.9%
20.9%
-0.2%
13.7%
2.3%
24.8%
4.8%
7.2%
119.6%
11.7%
7.8%
29.1%
10.6%
10.1%
50.0%
8.6%
18.7%
15.2%
13.1%
20.1%
14.9%
4.2%

2015
share of
total

19.7%
2.0%
1.0%
22.6%
0.2%
4.5%
0.5%
0.1%

0.1%

1.2%
6.6%
0.6%

0.9%
0.2%
0.5%
1.2%
0.8%
2.2%
10.9%
0.5%
0.2%
0.4%
4.0%

0.1%
0.7%
0.2%
1.3%
1.0%
0.6%

0.1%
4.2%
1.7%
0.2%
1.0%

0.1%
4.8%

0.6%
39.2%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%
0.3%
0.7%
1.0%
1.2%

17.2%

4.2%
0.7%
4.0%
0.1%
0.7%
0.1%
0.7%

0.4%
0.3%
0.6%

0.1%
30.4%
100.0%
67.5%
32.5%
37.3%
0.2%

*Based on gross generation from renewable sources including wind, geothermal, solar, biomass and waste, and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal
equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a modern thermal power station.

Less than 0.05.

Less

than 0.05%.
Note: Other renewables data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview

38

Biofuels production
Thousand tonnes oil equivalent

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Change
2015 over
2014

2015
share
of total

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Total Middle East
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
South Korea
Thailand
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

7478
133

7612
9
7835
14
185
8043
70
1
6
439
1525
340
3
109
1
282
48
39
293
3156

6
20
622
114
9
9
52
10
834
19651
10778
8872
3133

9746
160

9906
29
8729
131
469
9358
105
21
11
665
2488
585
22
144
70
251
88
219
391
5061

6
54
846
134
44
39
80
137
1335
25666
15024
10642
5012

13456
461
4
13922
172
11323
141
546
12182
220
140
51
1122
3181
443
80
96
162
352
146
359
489
6840

6
70
901
136
216
74
138
217
1752
34702
20802
13900
6768
1

19149
501
4
19654
632
14137
145
736
15650
263
278
96
2012
2727
617
77
279
149
359
178
276
929
8241

11
111
1096
155
528
141
495
373
2899
46454
27919
18535
8100
7

21697
721
4
22422
1049
13964
303
585
15900
354
473
267
2312
2728
758
241
393
226
958
246
220
1150
10325

17
165
1124
70
464
343
619
455
3241
51905
32921
18984
10149
34

25568
741
13
26322
1663
15440
439
316
17859
375
582
363
2269
2888
670
384
421
284
1267
276
304
1207
11291
4
32
200
1479
113
718
491
661
435
4097
59605
37990
21614
11105
37

28518
851
12
29381
2224
13210
554
470
16459
370
623
207
1859
2825
479
651
398
330
809
330
251
1252
10385
4
25
217
1673
192
1104
308
721
693
4909
61163
39930
21233
10172
28

27270
1001
14
28285
2285
13518
608
453
16863
370
520
179
2071
2888
292
1250
631
276
586
398
287
1390
11136
4
27
189
1929
208
1388
272
994
983
5963
62278
39528
22750
10998
29

28462
972
53
29487
2005
15687
629
567
18888
354
505
52
2220
2632
447
1445
674
274
709
543
482
1440
11778
4
32
188
2101
248
1740
308
1251
1233
7070
67260
41381
25880
11673
23

30118
1104
53
31275
2577
16517
654
599
20348
310
530
52
2603
3371
571
1749
731
301
988
774
359
1472
13811
4
54
178
2207
320
2532
323
1402
1753
8716
74208
45211
28997
13704
23

30983
1059
53
32095
1961
17636
670
599
20867
360
514
65
2592
3130
621
1749
882
315
1005
701
359
1434
13726
4
69
205
2430
362
1344
375
1508
1863
8086
74847
46026
28822
13618
23

2.9%
-4.1%

2.6%
-23.9%
6.8%
2.4%

2.6%
16.4%
-3.1%
25.5%
-0.4%
-7.1%
8.7%

20.5%
4.6%
1.7%
-9.5%

-2.6%
-0.6%

28.1%
14.8%
10.1%
13.1%
-46.9%
15.9%
7.5%
6.2%
-7.2%
0.9%
1.8%
-0.6%
-0.6%

41.4%
1.4%
0.1%
42.9%
2.6%
23.6%
0.9%
0.8%
27.9%
0.5%
0.7%
0.1%
3.5%
4.2%
0.8%
2.3%
1.2%
0.4%
1.3%
0.9%
0.5%
1.9%
18.3%

Less

than 0.05%.
Note: Consumption of fuel ethanol and biodiesel is included in oil consumption tables.

0.1%
0.3%
3.2%
0.5%
1.8%
0.5%
2.0%
2.5%
10.8%
100.0%
61.5%
38.5%
18.2%

Source: Includes data from F.O. Lichts; US Energy Information Administration.

World biofuels production

Million tonnes oil equivalent
80

Rest of World
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America

05

07

09

11

13

15

Ethanol 2005
Ethanol 2015
Biodiesel 2005
Biodiesel 2015

40

60

30

40

20

20

10

North America

S. & Cent. America

Europe & Eurasia

Rest of World

World biofuels production increased by 0.9% in 2015, the slowest rate of growth since output declined in 2000. Global ethanol production increased by 4.1%, the third
consecutive year of growth, led by increases from Asia Pacific, South & Central America, and North America. Biodiesel production declined by 4.9% in 2015, with output
declining in all of the major producing regions.

39

Primary energy
Consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
CIS

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

than 0.05%.
Note: Oil consumption is measured in million tonnes; other fuels in million tonnes of oil equivalent.

40

2013

2014

2350.2 2333.1 2371.8 2320.3 2206.1 2285.3 2266.0 2210.4 2271.7 2300.5 2280.6
329.9
323.9
321.1
326.9
327.4
311.6
316.4
328.7
326.6
335.0
335.5
185.0
167.7
172.9
170.8
174.3
174.1
178.1
186.4
188.5
188.9
190.0
2841.8 2827.2 2869.5 2821.9 2691.7 2779.8 2781.2 2725.4 2795.6 2826.0 2795.5
87.8
69.0
72.5
75.6
76.8
74.8
79.6
81.5
83.6
85.5
86.3
292.8
207.5
213.3
227.0
237.7
236.3
260.8
273.8
279.3
290.0
297.6
34.9
28.7
31.3
31.6
31.5
31.2
30.6
33.6
34.0
34.4
34.7
42.5
27.2
31.1
31.1
34.9
32.5
34.9
36.3
38.9
38.9
40.9
15.4
9.7
10.3
10.9
11.6
11.5
12.7
13.5
14.3
14.7
15.3
24.1
13.6
13.8
15.1
16.4
16.7
19.1
20.9
21.7
22.3
22.9
21.2
15.9
20.5
21.4
21.0
21.7
22.7
22.7
21.6
21.9
21.5
80.5
70.4
78.5
81.2
84.4
82.9
80.7
80.3
84.1
84.7
81.2
100.0
89.1
91.1
92.3
91.1
90.3
92.7
95.4
96.2
96.1
97.8
699.3
531.1
562.2
586.2
605.4
597.9
633.9
658.0
673.8
688.5
698.2
34.1
36.1
35.9
35.0
35.7
34.6
35.9
33.8
35.4
35.1
33.9
13.7
13.8
13.6
12.3
12.3
10.9
10.7
11.9
12.3
12.6
13.2
23.6
24.8
26.3
25.7
25.9
24.4
25.9
25.9
27.9
24.7
24.9
56.5
64.8
64.5
64.9
66.6
61.6
66.0
61.3
58.6
60.0
55.9
18.9
19.7
20.1
19.6
19.5
17.1
17.8
19.1
18.1
16.7
17.9
39.6
44.2
45.1
44.9
43.6
41.2
42.8
42.1
41.7
40.9
40.1
16.9
19.6
21.7
20.5
19.8
18.6
19.5
18.5
17.1
18.0
17.5
25.9
29.3
31.4
31.4
30.4
28.4
30.9
28.6
27.6
27.2
26.3
239.0
262.4
261.1
257.4
259.1
245.2
253.2
244.5
244.7
247.4
237.5
320.6
332.3
341.3
327.2
330.7
310.2
323.7
312.3
316.7
325.8
311.9
26.3
32.9
34.3
34.6
33.5
32.7
31.5
30.7
29.3
27.9
26.3
21.5
27.2
27.3
26.7
26.5
24.2
24.9
23.2
21.7
20.5
20.5
14.6
15.9
16.2
16.7
16.6
15.2
15.2
14.1
14.0
13.7
13.7
151.7
185.6
184.9
181.0
179.2
167.1
172.2
168.4
162.2
155.7
146.8
54.8
42.4
47.5
49.9
52.8
47.4
48.5
55.0
57.5
57.4
57.7
5.3
7.9
7.6
8.3
8.2
7.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.2
81.6
96.1
95.3
95.0
93.0
91.8
96.1
91.5
88.4
86.4
81.1
47.1
46.0
42.3
45.7
46.7
43.6
41.9
43.0
47.8
45.0
46.4
95.0
90.6
94.1
93.7
95.4
92.0
98.2
98.7
95.7
96.0
92.4
24.1
25.4
25.1
25.2
24.2
24.4
25.6
24.5
22.4
24.5
24.6
33.1
41.0
39.6
38.6
39.0
33.5
33.8
34.7
34.0
31.5
32.5
666.8
647.2
676.1
680.5
683.5
648.0
673.3
694.9
695.3
688.0
689.8
15.8
19.0
18.4
17.3
17.9
16.3
17.4
16.8
16.2
16.8
15.5
134.4
152.3
154.1
158.0
153.7
142.8
146.2
143.1
142.4
134.2
132.1
53.0
55.5
52.2
53.3
52.9
48.3
52.1
51.5
54.7
51.4
51.7
27.9
27.4
28.7
28.4
29.4
29.4
28.7
27.2
28.8
29.7
28.4
131.3
86.4
96.2
102.8
103.3
104.3
111.0
115.0
120.2
117.6
122.8
37.3
19.5
21.4
24.2
24.5
22.7
25.9
27.0
29.7
26.8
31.3
85.1
136.2
137.7
134.4
132.9
112.9
121.0
125.7
122.6
114.7
101.0
191.2
228.9
226.3
219.7
216.4
205.2
210.5
198.8
201.9
201.4
188.9
51.6
46.4
45.7
48.4
52.0
43.3
43.8
49.7
49.2
48.7
50.3
96.0
88.4
92.4
91.7
95.3
93.2
98.6
96.9
94.4
96.1
94.1
2965.2 3024.4 3012.9 3020.8 2838.2 2948.5 2934.2 2934.3 2898.0 2832.3 2834.4
267.2
177.5
194.2
208.2
215.9
226.7
227.8
237.9
238.6
247.6
260.8
25.6
21.6
21.7
22.9
23.3
22.3
23.8
24.3
25.2
24.7
24.2
41.0
30.5
28.9
28.8
30.5
31.6
34.7
35.3
38.1
39.5
39.5
51.5
20.7
22.2
26.4
23.3
23.9
35.4
26.7
31.6
47.8
45.7
264.0
158.4
164.5
171.4
186.9
196.5
216.1
222.2
235.7
237.4
252.4
103.9
63.0
66.2
73.1
84.0
82.6
86.2
91.4
95.2
97.2
99.0
131.4
96.1
94.3
94.0
104.8
110.0
118.1
117.4
119.9
127.4
127.6
884.7
567.8
592.0
624.8
668.6
693.7
742.1
755.3
784.3
821.6
849.2
54.6
32.7
33.8
35.6
37.7
39.9
38.9
41.3
45.2
47.9
52.2
86.2
62.1
65.4
69.6
73.6
76.5
80.7
82.1
86.3
85.7
85.5
124.2
110.8
113.0
116.3
125.8
124.5
126.4
125.9
123.7
124.6
128.0
169.9
122.9
122.8
127.5
134.1
132.3
144.3
140.9
150.2
155.3
162.6
435.0
328.5
335.1
349.0
371.1
373.1
390.2
390.1
405.4
413.6
428.2
131.4
120.9
129.5
130.0
131.2
129.8
129.8
130.7
131.2
130.7
129.9
30.7
16.9
18.0
18.8
19.9
21.9
22.9
24.3
26.5
27.0
28.3
1793.7 1968.0 2140.1 2222.3 2322.1 2487.4 2687.9 2795.3 2903.9 2970.3 3014.0
27.9
23.3
24.7
26.3
24.6
26.8
27.5
28.1
27.0
27.8
27.1
700.5
393.6
413.9
450.2
475.7
515.2
541.0
565.0
599.8
626.0
666.2
195.6
122.1
123.9
132.9
131.3
134.9
148.8
162.8
170.8
175.0
188.3
448.5
522.5
521.8
517.4
510.8
469.0
497.4
471.9
468.5
465.8
453.9
93.1
67.5
69.6
73.1
76.5
73.6
76.9
79.3
82.8
89.0
90.3
21.0
18.8
19.0
19.0
19.1
19.1
19.7
19.6
19.7
19.9
20.8
78.2
61.2
65.2
68.5
70.0
71.1
71.4
71.4
71.8
71.6
73.9
37.7
26.4
25.6
26.7
27.6
28.0
28.8
29.5
30.5
32.5
34.4
80.2
47.4
52.3
56.1
59.8
64.3
69.0
71.7
71.9
73.9
76.3
276.9
221.0
222.9
231.9
236.4
237.4
254.6
267.8
270.5
270.9
273.1
110.7
103.4
105.6
110.3
104.2
102.4
108.6
108.7
108.4
109.9
111.4
124.9
88.5
88.8
93.6
95.1
98.4
105.8
110.2
118.0
120.3
123.4
65.9
30.8
28.1
30.6
38.2
39.3
44.3
50.3
52.7
55.0
60.1
61.3
47.9
50.2
49.2
50.0
50.6
53.0
52.4
53.4
56.5
58.9
3705.7 3927.1 4174.9 4292.9 4403.9 4686.8 4931.6 5098.9 5255.9 5386.6 5498.5
10940.0 11267.8 11617.3 11780.8 11598.5 12181.4 12450.4 12622.1 12873.1 13020.6 13147.3
5673.1 5689.8 5723.0 5671.5 5398.7 5601.5 5538.5 5483.9 5539.5 5499.2 5503.1
5266.9 5578.0 5894.3 6109.3 6199.8 6579.9 6911.9 7138.2 7333.6 7521.4 7644.2
1821.2 1830.9 1804.3 1797.7 1692.1 1755.4 1696.2 1681.7 1670.1 1605.7 1630.9
950.4
944.9
983.6
991.8
999.9
924.9
964.9 1006.9 1012.5
989.8
985.7

*In this review, primary energy comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
Less

2012

Change
2015 over
2014
2015

-0.9%
-1.7%
-2.6%
-1.1%
1.8%
-1.6%
0.7%
3.9%
0.6%
5.4%
-1.6%
-0.8%
2.2%
0.2%
0.3%
3.7%
-5.5%
1.0%
5.8%
-1.1%
-3.2%
-1.5%
0.6%
2.8%
-0.1%
4.9%
6.8%
3.4%
-5.0%
1.7%
0.7%
1.4%
2.7%
-2.2%
1.8%
-3.3%
2.1%
1.7%
2.5%
-2.0%
7.0%
19.4%
-15.8%
1.2%
2.7%
2.0%
0.1%
2.5%
5.7%
3.9%
12.7%
4.6%
5.0%
3.0%
4.2%
4.6%
0.8%
-2.9%
4.5%
1.6%
1.2%
8.7%
1.5%
2.9%
5.2%
3.9%
-1.2%
3.1%
0.7%
5.7%
9.7%
5.2%
1.4%
-0.6%
1.1%
9.6%
4.1%
2.1%
1.0%
0.1%
1.6%
1.6%
-3.6%

2015
share of
total

17.3%
2.5%
1.4%
21.3%
0.7%
2.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
0.8%
5.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
1.8%
2.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
1.2%
0.4%

0.6%
0.4%
0.7%
0.2%
0.3%
5.1%
0.1%
1.0%
0.4%
0.2%
1.0%
0.3%
0.6%
1.5%
0.4%
0.7%
21.6%
2.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
2.0%
0.8%
1.0%
6.7%
0.4%
0.7%
0.9%
1.3%
3.3%
1.0%
0.2%
22.9%
0.2%
5.3%
1.5%
3.4%
0.7%
0.2%
0.6%
0.3%
0.6%
2.1%
0.8%
0.9%
0.5%
0.5%
41.8%
100.0%
41.9%
58.1%
12.4%
7.2%

Primary energy: Consumption by fuel*

2014
Million tonnes oil equivalent

US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
NonOECD
European Union
CIS

Oil

Natural
gas

Coal

838.1
103.3
85.2
1026.6
30.9
143.4
16.7
14.6
12.0
10.2
1.8
36.7
63.6
329.8
12.5
4.4
7.3
29.8
3.9
9.1
7.9
8.6
76.9
110.4
14.4
6.5
6.5
55.8
13.5
2.6
39.6
10.2
23.9
11.1
9.0
150.8
3.4
59.0
14.5
10.6
34.4
6.3
10.0
69.9
2.8
32.8
858.6
93.1
10.3
22.7
10.0
160.1
37.6
83.2
417.1
18.2
38.3
29.3
91.4
177.2
45.4
5.7
526.8
16.7
180.8
76.0
197.3
35.0
7.2
22.8
16.1
65.9
107.9
45.4
54.9
18.0
20.4
1442.2
4251.6
2033.8
2217.7
591.2
198.7

692.7
93.8
78.1
864.6
42.4
35.5
3.4
9.8
0.6
6.5
19.8
27.7
6.9
152.6
7.1
8.5
16.5
12.4
2.4
6.2
2.8
2.3
32.6
64.0
2.4
7.5
3.7
50.7
6.9
2.1
28.8
4.2
14.6
3.7
9.5
370.7
3.8
23.7
0.8
2.4
40.2
24.9
33.1
60.0
43.9
13.4
905.8
162.0
6.8
16.8
35.7
92.1
59.6
42.2
415.3
33.7
43.2
4.5
34.1
115.6
32.4
21.5
169.6
2.3
45.6
36.8
106.2
36.7
4.4
37.7
3.2
9.8
43.0
15.5
47.4
9.2
6.5
627.7
3081.5
1436.8
1644.7
346.0
509.0

453.8
21.4
12.8
487.9
1.5
17.6
7.6
6.0

0.9

0.2
3.0
36.7
3.0

1.0
3.3
6.4
15.9
2.6
4.1
8.7
78.8
6.7
2.2
2.0
13.1
35.5
0.2
9.1
0.9
49.4
2.7
5.8
87.6
3.4
11.6
2.1
0.1
36.1

35.6
29.9
1.2
22.0
481.0
1.2
6.9

0.1
1.6
0.8
10.7
0.2
0.7
90.1
11.4
102.4
44.7
0.9
1949.3
8.1
388.7
69.8
118.7
15.4
1.5
4.7
10.6
0.4
84.6
39.0
17.9
19.3
18.8
2792.5
3911.2
1043.2
2867.9
267.2
162.6

2015

Nuclear
Hydro
energy electricity

189.9
24.2
2.2
216.3
1.3
3.5

4.8

7.6
3.6
6.9

5.4
98.8
22.0

3.5

0.9

2.6
40.9
3.5
13.0
14.8
6.3

20.0
14.4

2.0
266.2
1.0

1.0

3.3

3.3

30.0

7.8

1.1

35.4
9.6

83.9
575.5
450.2
125.3
198.5
61.5

59.3
86.6
8.6
154.5
9.3
84.5
5.2
10.1
2.6
5.0

16.7
20.9
154.4
9.3
0.3

0.1
1.0
0.4

3.0
14.0
4.4
1.0
0.1
0.2
13.1
1.9
0.1

30.6
0.5
3.5
4.2
39.7
1.0
8.8
14.5
8.5
9.2

1.9
1.3
2.3
21.7
196.7
3.4

1.4
4.8

3.0
0.2
23.8
27.0
3.3
0.1
242.8

29.6
3.4
20.0
3.1
5.5
7.4
2.1

0.9
1.0
1.2
13.6
13.0
346.9
884.3
317.3
567.0
84.5
53.3

Renew
ables

Total

Oil

Natural
gas

66.8 2300.5
6.3
335.5
3.0
190.0
76.1 2826.0
0.8
86.3
13.2
297.6
1.8
34.7
0.3
40.9
0.1
15.3
0.3
22.9

21.5

81.2
3.4
97.8
19.9
698.2
2.0
33.9

13.2
0.1
24.9
2.7
55.9
0.6
17.9
1.6
40.1
4.1
17.5
2.9
26.3
6.5
237.5
32.3
311.9
1.7
26.3
0.6
20.5
1.3
13.7
14.1
146.8

57.7
0.3
5.2
2.6
81.1
0.6
46.4
4.0
92.4
3.6
24.6
1.5
32.5
0.1
689.8
0.4
15.5
16.0
132.1
5.0
51.7
0.6
28.4
2.8
122.8

31.3
0.4
101.0
13.3
188.9

50.3
2.2
94.1
124.1 2832.3
0.1
260.8
0.2
24.2

39.5

45.7

252.4
0.1
99.0

127.6
0.4
849.2

52.2
0.3
85.5
0.6
128.0
1.8
162.6
2.7
428.2
4.1
129.9

28.3
51.9 2970.3

27.1
13.6
666.2
2.3
188.3
11.6
453.9
0.2
90.3
2.3
20.8
0.2
73.9
2.4
34.4
0.2
76.3
1.2
273.1
0.9
111.4
2.1
123.4

60.1
0.2
58.9
93.4 5386.6
316.6 13020.6
217.9 5499.2
98.7 7521.4
118.3 1605.7
0.6
985.7

851.6
100.3
84.3
1036.3
31.6
137.3
16.9
15.5
11.7
10.9
1.8
32.0
65.0
322.7
12.6
4.5
7.1
30.5
4.2
9.4
8.1
8.3
76.1
110.2
14.8
7.0
6.9
59.3
12.7
2.6
38.7
10.2
25.1
11.4
9.1
143.0
3.8
60.5
14.1
10.7
38.8
6.4
8.4
71.6
2.8
33.1
862.2
88.9
11.0
23.6
10.9
168.1
40.0
83.3
425.7
19.3
39.2
31.1
93.5
183.0
46.2
5.5
559.7
18.3
195.5
73.5
189.6
36.2
7.5
25.2
18.4
69.5
113.7
46.0
56.6
19.5
20.6
1501.4
4331.3
2056.4
2274.9
600.2
188.5

713.6
92.2
74.9
880.7
42.8
36.8
3.5
9.5
0.6
6.8
19.4
31.1
6.9
157.3
7.5
8.8
15.5
13.6
2.6
6.5
2.9
1.9
35.1
67.2
2.5
8.0
3.8
55.3
7.8
2.1
28.6
4.3
15.1
3.9
9.3
352.3
3.9
24.8
0.8
2.6
39.2
30.9
25.9
61.4
45.3
13.7
903.1
172.1
7.6
17.5
40.6
95.8
62.2
45.4
441.2
35.1
43.0
4.5
39.2
121.9
30.9
24.1
177.6
2.9
45.5
35.8
102.1
35.8
4.1
39.0
3.0
10.2
39.2
16.5
47.6
9.6
7.1
631.0
3135.2
1458.9
1676.3
361.9
490.9

Coal

396.3
19.8
12.8
429.0
1.4
17.4
7.2
7.0

0.9

0.2
3.0
37.1
3.2

0.8
3.2
6.7
15.6
1.8
3.5
8.7
78.3
5.7
2.2
2.2
12.4
32.6
0.2
10.6
0.8
49.8
3.3
6.1
88.7
3.3
14.4
2.1
0.2
34.4

29.2
23.4
1.1
23.4
467.9
1.2
6.7

0.1
1.6
0.8
10.5
0.2
0.7
85.0
11.0
96.9
46.6
0.8
1920.4
6.7
407.2
80.3
119.4
17.6
1.4
4.7
11.4
0.4
84.5
37.8
17.6
22.2
19.3
2798.5
3839.9
979.2
2860.7
262.4
154.2

Nuclear
Hydro
energy electricity

189.9
23.6
2.6
216.1
1.6
3.3

5.0

5.9
3.5
6.1

5.3
99.0
20.7

3.6

0.9

2.6
44.2
3.4
12.9
12.9
5.3

19.8
15.9

1.9
264.0
0.8

0.8

2.4

2.4

38.6

8.6

1.0

1.1

37.3
8.3

94.9
583.1
447.6
135.5
194.1
64.6

57.4
86.7
6.8
150.9
9.6
81.7
5.3
10.1
3.0
5.3

17.3
20.7
152.9
8.3
0.4

0.1
1.3
0.4

3.8
12.2
4.4
1.3
0.1
0.2
9.9
1.8
0.1

31.1
0.4
2.0
3.7
38.5
0.9
6.3
16.9
8.5
15.1

1.4
1.4
2.5
21.5
194.4
4.1

1.8
5.9

3.0
0.2
23.8
27.0
3.1
0.2
254.9

28.1
3.6
21.9
3.3
5.6
7.8
2.2

0.7
1.0
0.9
14.4
14.1
361.9
892.9
314.6
578.3
76.4
51.5

Renew
ables

Total

71.7 2280.6
329.9
7.3
185.0
3.5
82.6 2795.5
87.8
0.9
292.8
16.3
34.9
2.0
42.5
0.4
15.4
0.1
24.1
0.4
21.2

80.5

100.0
4.3
699.3
24.2
34.1
2.4
13.7

23.6
0.1
56.5
3.2
18.9
0.7
39.6
1.7
16.9
4.3
25.9
3.1
239.0
7.9
320.6
40.0
26.3
1.9
21.5
0.7
14.6
1.6
151.7
14.7
54.8

5.3
0.3
81.6
2.7
47.1
0.6
95.0
4.6
24.1
3.5
33.1
2.2
666.8
0.1
15.8
0.5
134.4
15.4
53.0
6.2
27.9
0.7
131.3
3.8
37.3

85.1
0.3
191.2
17.4
51.6

96.0
2.3
142.8 2834.4
267.2
0.1
25.6
0.3
41.0

51.5

264.0

103.9
0.1
131.4
0.1
884.7
0.5
54.6

86.2
0.4
124.2
1.0
169.9
2.4
435.0
3.8
131.4
4.5
30.7
0.1
62.7 3014.0
27.9

700.5
15.5
195.6
2.4
448.5
14.5
93.1
0.2
21.0
2.4
78.2
0.4
37.7
2.7
80.2
0.2
276.9
1.6
110.7
1.0
124.9
2.3
65.9
0.1
61.3
0.3
110.9 5498.5
364.9 13147.3
246.3 5503.1
118.5 7644.2
136.0 1630.9
950.4
0.6

*In this review, primary energy comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
Less than 0.05.
Note: Oil consumption is measured in million tonnes; other fuels in million tonnes of oil equivalent.

41

World consumption
Million tonnes oil equivalent
14000

Coal
Renewables
Hydroelectricity
Nuclear energy
Natural gas
Oil

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

World primary energy consumption grew by a below-average 1.0% in 2015, the slowest rate of growth since 1998 (other than the decline in the aftermath of the financial
crisis). Growth was below average in all regions except Europe & Eurasia. All fuels except oil and nuclear power grew at below-average rates. Oil remains the worlds
dominant fuel and gained global market share for the first time since 1999, while coals market share fell to the lowest level since 2005. Renewables in power generation
accounted for a record 2.8% of global primary energy consumption.

Regional consumption by fuel 2015

Percentage

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

North America

S. & Cent. America

Europe & Eurasia

Middle East

Africa

Asia Pacific

Oil remains the dominant fuel in Africa and the Americas, while natural gas dominates in Europe & Eurasia and the Middle East. Coal is the dominant fuel in the Asia
Pacific region, accounting for 51% of regional energy consumption the highest share of any fuel for any region. Europe & Eurasia is the only region with no fuel reaching
one-third of the total energy mix. The Middle East has the least diverse fuel mix, with oil and gas combined accounting for 98% of energy consumption.

42

Fuel consumption by region 2015

Percentage

Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East

Europe & Eurasia

S. & Cent. America
North America
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear energy

Hydroelectricity

Renewables

Asia Pacific is the leading consumer of oil, coal, and hydroelectricity, while Europe & Eurasia is the leading consumer of natural gas, nuclear power, and renewables
in power generation. Asia Pacific dominates global coal consumption, accounting for 72.9% of global consumption. Natural gas is the only fuel for which no region
accounts for more than 30% of global consumption (with Europe & Eurasia accounting for 28.8% of global consumption).

Fossil fuel reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios at end 2015

Years
500

Oil
Natural gas
Coal

400

300

200

100

OECD

Non-OECD

European Union

CIS

World

Coal remains by far the most abundant fossil fuel by R/P ratio; oil and natural gas reserves have increased over time, although both registered small declines in 2015.
Non-OECD countries account for the majority of proved reserves for all fossil fuels. The Middle East holds the largest reserves for oil and natural gas, and the highest
R/P ratio for natural gas; South & Central America holds the highest R/P ratio for oil. Europe & Eurasia holds the largest coal reserves and North America has the highest
R/P ratio.

43

Appendices
Approximate conversion factors
Crude oil*

Units

From

1 metric tonne

To

Tonnes (metric)
Kilolitres
Barrels
US gallons
Barrels per day

tonnes
(metric)

kilolitres

barrels
Multiply by

1
0.8581
0.1364
0.00325

1.165
1
0.159
0.0038

7.33
6.2898
1
0.0238

US
gallons

tonnes
per year

307.86
264.17
42
1

49.8

*Based on worldwide average gravity.

1 kilolitre
1 kilocalorie (kcal)
1 kilojoule (kJ)
1 British thermal
unit (Btu)
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Products
To convert
barrels
to tonnes

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Gasoline
Kerosene
Gas oil/diesel
Residual fuel oil
Product basket

0.086
0.120
0.127
0.134
0.157
0.125

tonnes
kilolitres
to barrels
to tonnes
Multiply by

11.60
8.35
7.88
7.46
6.35
7.98

0.542
0.753
0.798
0.843
0.991
0.788

tonnes
to kilolitres

1.844
1.328
1.253
1.186
1.010
1.269

Calorific equivalents

One tonne of oil equivalent equals approximately:

Heat units

Solid fuels

Natural gas (NG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG)

From
billion cubic
metres NG

1 billion cubic metres NG

1 billion cubic feet NG
1 million tonnes oil equivalent
1 million tonnes LNG
1 trillion British thermal units
1 million barrels oil equivalent

Gaseous fuels
To

billion cubic million tonnes million tonnes

feet NG oil equivalent
LNG
Multiply by

1
0.028
1.11
1.36
0.028
0.15

35.3
1
39.2
48.0
0.99
5.35

0.90
0.025
1
1.22
0.025
0.14

0.74
0.021
0.82
1
0.021
0.11

trillion British million barrels

thermal units oil equivalent

35.7
1.01
39.7
48.6
1
5.41

6.60
0.19
7.33
8.97
0.18
1

= 2204.62lb
= 1.1023 short tons
= 6.2898 barrels
= 1 cubic metre
= 4.187kJ
= 3.968Btu
= 0.239kcal
= 0.948Btu
= 0.252kcal
= 1.055kJ
= 860kcal
= 3600kJ
= 3412Btu

Electricity

10 million kilocalories
42 gigajoules
40 million British
thermal units
1.5 tonnes of hard coal
3 tonnes of lignite
See Natural gas and
liquefied natural gas table
12 megawatt-hours

One million tonnes of oil or oil equivalent produces

about 4400 gigawatt-hours (= 4.4 terawatt-hours)
of electricity in a modern power station.
1 barrel of ethanol = 0.57 barrel of oil
1 barrel of biodiesel = 0.88 barrel of oil

Definitions
Statistics published in this review are taken from
government sources and published data. No use
is made of confidential information obtained by
BP in the course of its business.
Country and geographic groupings are
made purely for statistical purposes and are not
intended to imply any judgement about political
or economic standings.
North America
US (excluding US territories), Canada, Mexico.
South & Central America
Caribbean (including Puerto Rico and US Virgin
Islands), Central and South America.
Europe
European members of the OECD plus Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Georgia, Gibraltar, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Montenegro, Romania and Serbia.
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Europe & Eurasia
All countries listed above under the headings
Europe and CIS.
Middle East
Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria.
North Africa
Territories on the north coast of Africa from Egypt
to western Sahara.

44

West Africa
Territories on the west coast of Africa from Mauritania
to Angola, including Cape Verde, Chad.
East and Southern Africa
Territories on the east coast of Africa from Sudan to
Republic of South Africa. Also Botswana, Madagascar,
Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Asia Pacific
Brunei, Cambodia, China, China Hong Kong SAR*,
China Macau SAR*, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia,
Mongolia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South
Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), South Korea, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Oceania.
*Special Administrative Region.
Australasia
Australia, New Zealand.
OECD members
Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK.
Other member countries: Australia, Canada, Chile,
Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, US.
OPEC members
Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates.
North Africa: Algeria, Libya.
West Africa: Angola, Nigeria.
South America: Ecuador, Venezuela.

European Union members

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, UK.
Non-OECD
All countries that are not members of the OECD.
Methodology
The primary energy values of nuclear and
hydroelectric power generation, as well as electricity
from renewable sources, have been derived by
calculating the equivalent amount of fossil fuel
required to generate the same volume of electricity
in a thermal power station, assuming a conversion
efficiency of 38% (the average for OECD thermal
power generation).
Fuels used as inputs for conversion technologies
(gas-to-liquids, coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas) are
counted as production for the source fuel and the
outputs are counted as consumption for the
converted fuel.
Percentages
Calculated before rounding of actuals. All annual
changes and shares of totals are on a weight basis
except on pages 6, 13, 16, 17, 18 and 20.
Rounding differences
Because of rounding, some totals may not agree
exactly with the sum of their component parts.
Tonnes
Metric equivalent of tons.

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Acknowledgements
Data compilation
Centre for Energy Economics Research
and Policy, Heriot-Watt University,
ceerp.hw.ac.uk
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