International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 3, May - June 2016

A Novel Approach to prevent launching of Attacks

in MANETs Using CBDS
Raghavendra S1, Nagalakshmi S2

Abstract

1(Student ,Dept. ISE, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India )

2(Associate Professor, Dept. ISE, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India)

A MANET is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less type network, which consists of number of mobile nodes
with wireless network interfaces. In order to make communication among nodes, the nodes demoniacally establish paths among
neighbouring nodes. Security in mobile adhoc network is a big challenge because many nodes perform many kinds of misbehaviour.
In this paper, the main focus is on collaborative attacks in MANET using CBDS approach. CBDS is a approach which consolidate
asset of proactive and reactive defense method in reverse tracing. In reverse tracing method we compare performance of CBDS
approach with DSR and AOMDV routing protocols.

Keywords - Cooperative bait detection scheme (CBDS), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc on-demand
Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Black Hole
I Introduction
A MANET is a system of wireless mobile that
category of a self configuring network and rapidly developed
network which is composed of several movable nodes. Since
there is no fixed set of infrastructure and centralized
administration, Nodes in MANETs can join and leave the
network dynamically. Communication can be done through
Wi-Fi connection or alternative medium such as a cellular or
satellite communication, all of the transmission links are
established through wireless medium.
Transmission takes place in open medium makes the
MANETs more vulnerable to security attacks. The mobile
hosts dynamically establish paths among one another in order
to communicate. Therefore, the success of MANET
communication highly relies on the collaboration of the
involved mobile nodes. Such dynamism of MANET-based
architectures leads to wide variety of attacks.
The presence and collaboration [1]of hostile nodes
in the network may corrupt the routing process, causes the
malfunctioning of the network operations. The lack of
infrastructure in MANETs make the network highly
vulnerable to routing attacks such as black hole and gray
hole. MANET is widely used in military purpose, disaster
area, personal area network and so on. Some MANETs are

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constrained to a limited area of wireless devices while others

may be associated to the Internet.
In this paper, we focus on detecting collaborative
Black hole attacks and also comparing the performance with
DSR and AOMDV routing technique in reverse tracing path.
II Related work:
Many schemes have been proposed for detecting malicious
node in network, but most of them deals with detecting of
single malicious node or requires more assets in terms of cost
and time for detecting blackhole attack.
A. Belmehdi et al. [2] proposed MD5 (Message Digest 5)
technique, which resolves the issues like launching of gray
hole or collaborative blackhole attck. In these situation,
preventing and detecting malicious nodes and evade from
launching gray hole or collaborative blackhole attacks is a
main threat in mobile adhoc network. In this approach it will
try to achieve packet delivery ratio and routing overhead will
be considered and choosen as performance metrics
Xue et al.[3] proposed a mechanism called best-effort faulttolerant routing (BFTR). Their BFTR arrangement uses endto-end salutations to monitor the quality of the routing path,

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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 3, May - June 2016
that measures in terms of packet delivery ratio and end to end
delay to be chosen by the destination node. If the behaviour
of the path deviates from a predefined behavior set for
conclusive good routes, the source node uses a new route.
The drawbacks of BFTR is that mischievous nodes may still
present in the new chosen route, and this scheme is prone to
repetitive route discovery processes, which may lead to
momentous routing overhead.
In [4], Liu et al. proposed a mechanism which uses concept
called 2ACK scheme, which is used for detection of routing
immorality in MANETs. In this scheme, two-hop
acknowledgement packets are sent in the opposite direction
of the routing path to indicate that the data packets have been
successfully received. A acknowledgment ratio(Rack)
parameter is also used to control the ratio of the received data
packets for which the acknowledgment is required. Here
proactive schemes is implemented and hence, produces
additional routing overhead regardless of the existence of
malicious nodes.

due to malicious node and provide better packet delivery

ratio.
CBDS comprises three phases:
1. Initial Bait Step
2. Initial Reverse Tracing Phase
3. Shifted To Reactive Defence Phase (Reactive Phase)
1)Initial Bait Step: The objective of the bait phase is to
tempt a malicious node to send an answer RREP by sending
the bait RREQ, that it has used to advertise itself at this very
moment most shortest way to the node that confines the
packets that were changed over. To accomplish this
objective, the accompanying system is intended to create the
destination location of the bait RREQ'. The source node
automatically chooses a nearby node. The source node
automatically chooses a nearby node.

III Proposed work

Cooperative bait detection scheme(CBDS) is a detecting
technique which aims for detecting and preventing malicious
nodes launching collaborative blackhole attacks in MANETs.
In this approach the source node stochastically selects an
neighbouring node with which to cooperate, in the sense that
the address of this node is used as bait destination address to
bait malicious nodes to send a reply RREP message. There
by malicious nodes are detected and prevent from
participating in the routing operation, using reverse tracing
technique. An alarm is sent by destination to the source node
to trigger the detection mechanism ,when there is significant
drop occurs in the packet delivery ratio.
The CBDS combines the proactive and reactive defence
architectures and randomly cooperates with a stochastic
adjacent node. It takes help by using the address of the
neighbour node as the hook destination address, and it hooks
malicious nodes to reply RREP and detects the malicious
nodes by the proposed reverse tracing programme. At last,
the detected malicious node is listed in the black hole list and
notices all nodes in network to stop any communication with
them. As a result, it can reduce packet loss that is happened

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Fig. 1 Random Selection of Cooperative Bait

On the off chance that REP intentionally gave no answer

RREP, it would be straightforwardly recorded on the
blackhole list by the source hub. If the REP node had sent an
answer RREP, it would imply that there was no different
malicious node in the system, aside from the course that
rhad gave; for this situation, the course revelation period of
DSR will be begun. The course that REP gives won't be
recorded in the decisions gave to the route discovery phase.
2) Reverse Tracing Step: The converse following step is
utilized to identify the behaviors of malicious nodes through
the route answer to the RREQ' message. On the off chance
that a noxious node has gotten the RREQ', it will answer with
a false RREP. Likewise, the reverse tracing operation will be
directed for node accepting the RREP, with the objective to
deduce the dubious information and the incidentally trusted
zone in the route.

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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 3, May - June 2016
3)Reactive Defence Step: In reactive phase, we use two
routing approach. In first approach we use the DSR route
discovery
ry process is activated and in second approach
AOMDV route discovery process is activated. When the
route is established and if at the destination, it is found that
the packet delivery ratio significantly falls to the threshold,
the detection scheme would be triggered again to detect for
continuous maintenance and real-time
time reaction efficiency .

3) Average End-to-End
End Delay: This is dened
de
as the average
time taken for a packet to be transmitted from the source to
the destination.

Simulation Parameters
Parameters
Application Traffic
Transmission Rate
Radio Range
Packet Size
Channel Data Rate
Pause Time
Maximum Speed
Number of Nodes
Area
Malicious Node
MAC

Values
12CBR
64packets
716m
512bytes
11Mbps
0s
10m/s
40
1500m*1000m
2%
802.11

Simulation Scenario:
1.Simulation results are calculated for fixed number of node
,fixed percentage of malicious nodes, mobility speed at 10ms
and by varying routing algorithm in CBDS approach. Under
this scenario we can get to know the performance parameters
wrt to DSR and AOMDV algorithms.
hms.
2. Simulation results are calculated for fixed number of node
,fixed percentage of malicious nodes ,mobility speed at 30ms
and by varying routing algorithm in CBDS approach. Under
this scenario we can get to know the performance parameters
wrt to DSR
R and AOMDV algorithms.
Fig.2 CBDS Flow

Performance Evaluation :
We have compared the CBDS approach against DSR and
AOMDV routing protocol
1)Packet Delivery Ratio: This is dened as the
he ratio of the
number of packets received at the destination and the number
of packets sent by the source.

This section gives the detail analysis of the

simulation results. Proposed scheme is evaluated against the
AOMDV routing protocol. Different parameters like
overhead, delay, packet delivery ratio in the node are
considered to evaluate
ate the results and we will explain them
with the help of graphs. The simulation is conducted for 40
nodes .

2) Routing Overhead: This metric represents the ratio of the

amount of routing-related
related control packet transmissions to the
amount of data transmissions

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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 3, May - June 2016

Fig.3 Scenario 1 Packet Delivery of Ratio DSR and AOMDV

Fig.4 Scenario 2 Packet Delivery of Ratio DSR and AOMDV

Figure 3 Denotes Packet Delivery of Ratio of DSR and

AOMDV. In Reactive path DSR algorith provided only one
alternative path to reach destination, but where as AOMDV
provide multiple path to reach destination when mallicious
node attack the present routing path. Reverse ttracing get
trigger when there is significant drop occurs in packet
delivery at the destination side.
Figure 4 Denotes even when the speed of mobility is
increased AOMDV performance better than DSR routing
algorithm.

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Fig.5 Scenario 1 Routing Overhead of DSR and AOMDV

Fig.6 Scenario 2 Routing Overhead of DSR and AOMDV

Figure 5 and Figure 6 Denotes Routing Overhead of DSR

and AOMDV routing algorithm.
The overhead of AOMDV has increased because it has to
find multiple path to reach destination when reactive
re
phase in
initiated, but where as in DSR it just provide single
alternative path to reach destination which in turn reduce the
overhead of the network and as the mobility of node
increases the overhead also increase in DSR as well as
AOMDV because off link failures and reestablishment of

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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 3, May - June 2016
links.

For best Packet Delivery Ration AOMDV performs best

when compare to DSR ,but there will be slight increase
inc
in the
Routing Overhead and also End To End Delay due to finding
of multiples paths in reactive phase of Cooperative Bait
Detection scheme.
References

Fig.7 Scenario 1 Average End to End Delay of DSR and AOMDV

[1] Defending Against Collaborative Attacks by Malicious

Nodes in MANETs: A Cooperative Bait Detection Approach
Jian-Ming Chang, Po-Chun
Chun Tsou, Isaac Woungang, HanHan
Chieh Chao, and Chin-Feng
Feng Lai, Member, IEE IEEE Systems
Journal,Volume:9,Issue:1,Issue Date :March.2015
:Marc
[2]A. Baadache and A. Belmehdi, Avoiding blackhole and
cooperative blackhole attacks in wireless ad hoc networks,
Intl. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Security,, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010.
[3 ]Y. Xue and K. Nahrstedt, Providing fault-tolerant
fault
ad hoc
routing service
ce in adversarial environments, Wireless
Pers.Commun., vol. 29, pp. 367 388, 2004.
[4]K. Liu, D. Pramod, K. Varshney, and K. Balakrishnan,
An Acknowledgement based approach for the detection of
routing misbehavior in MANETs, IEEE
IEE Trans. Mobile
Compute., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 536550,
550, Ma
M

Fig.8 Scenario 2 Average End to End Delay of DSR and AOMDV

Figure 7 and 8 Denotes Average End to End Delay of DSR

and AOMDV, end to end delay increased in AOMDV
because it has to find out multiple alternative path which in
turn delay in the network.
IV Conclusion
In this paper, A mechanism called CBDS is used for
detecting malicious node in MANETs under collaborative
attacks.Simulation results are revealed that CBDS is
performed on DSR and AOMDV routing algorithm.

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