Planar Array Antenna with High Efficiency for

Microwave Communications to 10 GHz

ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITECNICA DE CHIMBORAZO
INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA EN TELECOMUNICACIONES Y REDES
Hernandez Ambato Valeria, vkha.96@gmail.com
Herrera Silva Jonathan, pato.herrera@hotmail.es
July 26th, 2016

Abstract

II. APPLICATIONS
GHz

This paper aims to propose the configuration of Planar Array Antenna with High Efficiency for Microwave
Communications to 10 GHz. Our objective is analyse
and implement of 44 and 88 planar phased array antenna. The material used for the implementation for
this antenna will be FR -4 substrate with a thickness,
h=1.2 mm.

FOR

10

The radio-frequency range ranging from 10 KHz (wavelength 3 km) and 300 GHz (wavelength 1 mm). Microwaves are included within this radio frequency band
because these are the 300 MHz to 300 GHz frequency
then 10 GHz can be applied in the following areas: [3]

Index Terms: Planar Array, frequency, microwave.

Aeronautics:
-Aircrew
-Launch Missile

I.INTRODUCTION

Communication
-TV
-Telemetric
-System Satellite
-Radionavegation

The radio-frequency and microwave are electromagnetic radiation belonging to the category of nonionizing. They are issued for electrical devices, used
in radiocommunications (including via satellite), TV
broadcast, AM-FM radio, radar, etc. To support this
research, we cite some similar studies to our subject of
analysis:
The dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are miniaturized antennas to work with microwave frequency
antenna here its name operating in the millimetre
wave band. offer advantages on the other antennas as
small size, high efficiency radiation and simple feeding
schemes. [1]
A slot is in a flat conductor radiate energy to the environment if this is this excitation moreover if the field
lines are spread within a guide that slot.Se design intersect at a frequency of 8.4 GHz to 10 GHz to work the
area of communications microwave waves, thus generating an antenna for wireless network applications. [2]

Medicine:
-Diathermy
Domestic use:
-Furnaces and ovens and heaters
Investigation
-Meteorologist
-Nuclear physics

III. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION

The parameters for design a planar array will be FR
-4 substrate with a thickness, h=1.2 mm; dielectric
constant, r = 5.2; and loss tangent = 0.015. A 88
planar array is shower in the Figure 1 because its is
our main objective at implement.

Now, our idea is designed a reflector antenna with

a frequency of 10 GHz, similarity structure of dielectric
resonator for communications with microwaves.

L=

L=

3fre ref

2(L )

(4)

3 108

2(0.0009)
3 109 4.38
L = 0.298mm

Use L = 0.5mm as approximation for we have a dimensions more easy for development of antenna.
The distance of coupling is defined by:
Figure 1. Schematic of the proposed array antenna for 88. a) side view and
b)top view. [4].

d = 0.65 0 = 19.5mm

(5)

IV. EQUATIONS FOR DIMEN- V. SINGLE ELEMENT INSIONS OF SLOT

SENSITIVE SLOT LOOP ANThe equations used to calculate the dimensions neces- TENNA
sary for the design of each slot are presented bellow, a
frequency of 10 GHz is considered for analysis.
Font: Ing. Cristina Orozco. MSc

The conventional slot antenna is composed of a metal

surface with a rectangular whole (slot). The width
of slot is a half wavelength and the length is a small
fraction of a wavelength. This type of antenna is called
the complementary dipole antenna [4]. In this study,
we started by designing a conventional slot antenna
for the frequency of 10 GHz. In order to improve
the antenna performance and also eliminate the effect
of high-loss FR-4 substrate, the resonator of the slot
structure has been converted to the slot-loop structure
with a thickness of hsub . This is shower in Figure 2.

But, first we need to know the value of 0

c0
f
3 108
0 =
10 109
0 = 0.03m
0 =

For width of slot:

0
2

2
r + 1
r
0.03
2
W =
2
5.2 + 1
W =

(1)

W = 8.52mm
For length of slot:
rf

rf

1
h
r + 1 r 1
=
+
(1 + 12 ) 2
2
2
W

(2)
Figure 2. Geometry of the single element slot-loop antenna. [4]

1
5.2 + 1 5.2 1
0.0012
=
+
(1 + 12
) 2
2
2
0.00852

The final dimensions for implementation are proved

in Table I.

rf = 4.38

rf
L = 0.412h
rf
L = 0.412h

W
+ 0.3
+ 0.264
h
W
0.258
+ 0.8
h

Table I. Dimensions for 88 planar array implementation

Parameter
Wsub
Hsub
Lsub
Ws
Ls
Value (mm)
156
1.2
108
19.5
13.5
Parameter
L
W1
L1
d
w
Value (mm)
4.5
8.52
0.5
19.5
12.12

(3)

Figure 3 shows the simulated current distributions

for the slot-loop antenna a 10 GHz as center frequency.
We can observed that the current start generate of
good way because it is generating two lobes de radiation.

4.38 + 0.3(7.1) + 0.264

4.38 0.258(7.1) + 0.8

L = 0.9mm
2

While in the Figure 6 is being generated the electric

field in the slots . It is concentrating more on the ends
but this is for way of radiations antenna horn.

Figure 3. Simulated current distribution of the proposed slot-loop antenna

element at 10 GHz. [4]

VI. SIMULATION
Figure 6. Simulated electric Field of the proposed slot-loop antenna element

at 10 GHz in 44 array. Authors

As noted in section V in the configuration of a current
slot is generated in the right way, then we will simulations with an array of 33, 44 and we will show the
design for the array 88. The results will refer to the Also on a model 3D (Figure 7) can appreciate the cursimulation of the 33 and 44 arraY due to very heavy rent density emitted by the antenna horn, responsible
simulation process that prevents us from realizing the of provide the radiation to our antenna designed.
88.
After making the design simple antenna element,
we proceed to go designing one by one horizontally
and vertically with the same specifications obtained
until 33 antenna shaped. In the figure 4. an array is
observed 33 of our design, where clearly one sees the
electrical fields about our grooves.

Figure 7. Current 3D density. Authors

Finally we have our proposed arrangement for

study that is (8 x 8), the same using our always of
a single slot design. The Figure 8 represent the design
for a 8 x 8 planar array.

Figure 4. Simulated current distribution of the proposed slot-loop antenna

element at 10 GHz in 33 array. Authors

Continuing with the analysis of our antenna design,

can be absolutely different of arrays of antennas as 44
and the proposed for our Studio which is 88. In Figure 5 we can see the current distributions and how this
is still generated in the middle of the entire block of
slots.

Figure 8. Simulated current distribution of the proposed slot-loop antenna

element at 10 GHz in 8X8 array. Authors

The analysis of the field electrical of our antenna

simulated with their respective power of an antenna
horn illustrated in figure 9, where we have the radiation corresponding to the antenna lobe horn and the
reflection of our antenna designed.

Figure 5. Simulated current distribution of the proposed slot-loop antenna

element at 10 GHz in 44 array. Authors

Then it is shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 antennas arrangements implemented in 44 and 88 respectively.

Figure 9. The simulated antenna 3D electric field. Authors

Because our antenna does not possess a coaxial feed

or otherwise, it is necessary to use an antenna horn or
opening, which will help us with radiation to test our
antenna in Figure 11 is observed along with our antenna horn antenna, separated a distance to be able to
get a far-field analysis (400mm).
dF F =

2D

Figure 11. 44 planar array antenna implemented

Is necessary to mention that in order to make the

necessary tests, we had to implement a patch antenna
at 10 GHz to generate the necessary signal.

(6)

2 0.0070022
dF F =
0.03
dF F = 400mm

Figure 12. 88 planar array antenna implemented

References
[1] Eva Medina Rodenes, Diseno de antenas
dielectricas para sistemas de comunicaciones
inalambricas operando en la banda de ondas
milimetricas. July 2011
Figure 10. Simulation full of the antenna. Authors

[2] Marco A,Rafael C,Progrebnyak O; Diseno de anrenas de ranura resonante para su aplicacion en redes
WiFi. March 2008

VII. RESULTS AND IMPLEMENTATION

[3] E. Dome, Radiofrecuencias y Microondas

Design of an planar array antenna for 10GHz has been

[4] Ojaroudiparchin N, Shen M, Pedersen G; 8x8 Plapresented in this study. The proposed antenna is denar Phased Array Antenna with High Efficiency
signed on a low-cost substrate (FR-4) and hope lowand Insensitivity Properties for 5G Mobile Base
loss. Finally the 64 elements of slot-loop antenna elStations, April 2016
ements in the array 88 has been implemented. The
proposed antenna has good performance in terms of [5] F. Aryanfar, et al., Millimeter-wave base station
S-parameter, gain, efficiency, and beam steering charfor mobile broadband communication, IEEE Inacteristics. The results show that the proposed planar
ternational Microwave Symposium (IMS), Phoenix,
array antenna has high efficiencies, because in the simAZ, pp. 1-3, May 2015.
ulation we can see as the reflection generate for this
generate other radiation pattern that collides with the [6] E. Brookner, Practical phased-array antenna systems: Artech house,1991.
other generate for the horn antenna.