GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

List the general aspects of the cranial nerves: name and number, whether
they are only sensory/only motor/or both sensory and motor, and their level
of entry into the CNS.

Olfactory (I - sensory) Projects via the olfactory

tract to olfactory regions of
the limbic lobe (cerebrum).
Optic (II - sensory)
Projects via the optic tract to
the thalamus (diencephalon).
Occulomotor (III motor)
Exits the midbrain
(brainstem).
Trochlear (IV motor)
Exits the midbrain
(brainstem).
Trigeminal (V sensory and
motor) Enters and exits the
pons (brainstem).
Abducens (VI motor)
Exits the pontomedullary
junction (brainstem).

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

List the general aspects of the cranial nerves: name and number, whether
they are only sensory/only motor/or both sensory and motor, and their
level of entry into the CNS.

Facial (VII sensory and

motor) Enters and exits the
pontomedullary junction
(brainstem).
Vestibulocochlear (VIII
sensory) Enters the
brainstem at the
pontomedullary junction
(brainstem).
Glossopharyngeal (IX
sensory and motor) Enters
and exits the medulla
(brainstem).
Vagus (X sensory and motor)
Enters and exits the medulla
(brainstem).
Spinal Accessory (XI motor)
Exits the medulla
(brainstem).
Hypoglossal (XII motor)
Exits the medulla (brainstem).

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory components (GSA, SSA, GVA, and SVA) of the
cranial nerves.

General Somatic Afferent or

GSA:

Mechanosensory, pain, and

temperature information from
the skin, muscles and joints of
the face and part of the head (V,
VII, IX, and X).

Special Somatic Afferent or SSA:

General Visceral Afferent or

GVA:

Sensory information which

relates the body to the external
environment (II and VIII).

Pain, fullness of organ,

chemoreceptors, and
baroreceptors (general sensory
information) from cranial,
thoracic, and abdominal viscera
(IX and X).

Special Visceral Afferent or SVA:

Special sensory information that

has a bearing on visceral
activity (I, VII, IX, and X)).

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the motor components (GSE, SVE, and GVE) of the cranial nerves.

General Somatic Efferent

or GSE:
Innervate skeletal
muscle derived from
somites (III, IV, VI, and
XII).

Special Visceral Efferent

or SVE:
Innervate skeletal
muscle derived from
pharyngeal (branchial)
arches (V, VII, IX, X, and
XI).

General Visceral Efferent

or GVE:
Innervate smooth and
cardiac muscle (cranial
nerves only contain
parasympathetic fibers
III, VII, IX, and X).

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve

Olfactory Nerves (SVA):

Smell

Olfactory
Epithelium Olfactory
of the Nasal Nerves
Cavity

Olfactory
Bulb

Olfactory
Tract

Optic Nerve (SSA):

Visual
Image

Retina

Optic Nerve
Optic Chiasm

Optic
Tract

Thalamus
(Lateral
Geniculate
Nucleus)

Olfactory
Regions of
Cerebral
Cortex
(Limbic
Lobes)

Primary
Visual
Cortex
(Occipital
Lobes)

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Oculomotor Nerve (GSE, GVE):

Levator Palpebrae, Inferior
Oblique, Inferior Rectus,
Superior rectus, and Medial
Rectus Muscles
Pupillary
Constrictor
and Ciliary
Muscles

Oculomotor

Oculomotor
Nucleus

Nerve
Ciliary Ganglion
(Postganglionic
Parasympathetic
Neurons)

Oculomotor
Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

Edinger-Westphal
Nucleus (Preganglionic
Parasympathetic
Neurons)

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Trochlear Nerve (GSE):

Trochlear

Superior Oblique
Muscle

Nerve

Trochlear
Nucleus

Abducens Nerve (GSE):

Lateral Rectus
Muscle

Abducens

Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

Abducens
Nucleus

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Trigeminal Nerve (GSA, SVE):

Muscles of Mastication (Masseter,
Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, and
Lateral Pterygoid), Mylohyoid, Anterior
Belly of Digastric, Tensor Veli Palatini,
andTensor Tympani Muscle.
Skin, Muscles and
Joints of the Face and
Part of the Head.

Ophthalmic, Maxillary
and Mandibular Divisions

Trigeminal
Motor
Nucleus

Trigeminal
Nerve
Trigeminal
Ganglion and
Mesencephalic
Nucleus

Trigeminal
Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

Spinal Trigeminal
Nucleus and Principal
Sensory Nucleus

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Facial Nerve (GSA, SVA, SVE, GVE):

Muscles of Facial Expression
and Stapedius
Lacrimal Glands
Submandibular
and Sublingual
Glands
External Auditory Meatus,
and Skin of the Outer Ear
Taste Buds on Anterior
Two-Thirds of the Tongue

Pterygopalatine Ganglion
(Postganglionic Parasympathetic
Neurons)
Submandibular Ganglion
(Postganglionic Parasympathetic
Neurons)
Geniculate Ganglion
Geniculate Ganglion

Facial
Nerve

Facial Motor Nucleus

Facial
Nerve

Superior Salivatory
Nucleus (Preganglionic
Parasympathetic
Neurons)

Facial
Nerve

Spinal Trigeminal
Nucleus

Facial
Nerve

Solitary Nucleus

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA):

Cochlea

Spiral
Ganglion

Semicircular
Canals

Vestibular
Ganglion

Cochlear Portion of
Vestibulocochlear

Nerve
Vestibular Portion of
Vestibulocochlear
Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

Cochlear
Nuclei
Vestibular
Nuclei

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (GSA, GVA, SVA, SVE, GVE):

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Parotid Gland
Skin of the Outer Ear
Taste Buds on Posterior
One-Third of the Tongue
Oropharynx and
Carotid Body

Glossopharyngeal
Nerve

Nucleus Ambiguus

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

Otic Ganglion (Postganglionic Glossopharyngeal (Preganglionic
Parasympathetic Neurons)
Parasympathetic Neurons)
Nerve
Glossopharyngeal Spinal Trigeminal
Superior Ganglion
Nucleus
Nerve
Glossopharyngeal
Solitary Nucleus
Inferior Ganglion
Nerve
Glossopharyngeal
Solitary Nucleus
Inferior Ganglion
Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Vagus Nerve (GSA, GVA, SVA, SVE, GVE):

Vagus Nerve
Pharyngeal Constrictors, Intrinsic Laryngeal
Nucleus Ambiguus
Muscles, Palatine Muscles, and Skeletal Muscle
in the Upper Half of the Esophagus
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of
Ganglia On or In the Organ of Vagus Nerve
the Vagus (Preganglionic
Trachea, Bronchi, Heart, GI
Innervation (Postganglionic
Parasympathetic
Tract to the Splenic Flexure
Parasympathetic Neurons)
Neurons)
Vagus Nerve
Spinal Trigeminal
External Auditory Meatus and
Superior Ganglion
Nucleus
Dura in Posterior Cranial Fossa
Taste Buds on Epiglottis
and Base of the Tongue

Heart, Aortic Arch, Pharynx, Larynx,

GI Tract to Splenic Flexure

Inferior Ganglion
Inferior Ganglion

Vagus Nerve
Vagus Nerve

Solitary Nucleus
Solitary Nucleus

Note:There are some

preganglionic parasympathetic
fibers for the heart that
originate from the nucleu
ambiguus.
Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN IV

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

Spinal Accessory Nerve (SVE):

Spinal Accessory

Sternocleidomastoid
and Trapezius Muscles

Nerve

Accessory Nucleus (Located in

the Cervical Cord)

Hypoglossal Nerve (GSE):

Intrinsic Tongue Muscles and
Extrinsic Tongue muscles
(Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, and
Styloglossus Muscles)

Hypoglossal
Nerve

Haines, Fundamental Neuroscience Churchill Livingston/Elsevier

Hypoglossal Nucleus