Determining The Source of Urban Tracers in The Santa Barbara Channel

Background Method Results Summary
Determining the Source of Urban Tracers

in the Santa Barbara Channel: Evaluating
Meteorological Models at the Surface
David Smith1 , Stacey Hughes2 , Don R. Blake2 , Rafe Day2
Dept. of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL1
Dept. of Chemistry, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA2
David Smith, Stacey Hughes, Don R. Blake, Rafe Day
Determining the Source of Urban Tracers in the Santa Barbara C
Motivation SARP 2016 Air Samples
Meteorological Models
Atmosphere is
complicated
Most complicated at
surface, coastal regions
Models reliability
fluctuates
SARP 2016 Air Samples

SARP 2016 Whole Air Samples
38
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
37.5
37
Latitude
36.5
36
35.5
35
34.5
34
33.5
-121 -120.5 -120 -119.5 -119 -118.5 -118 -117.5 -117 -116.5
Longitude

38
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
37.5
37
Latitude
36.5
36
35.5
35
34.5
34
33.5
-121 -120.5 -120 -119.5 -119 -118.5 -118 -117.5 -117 -116.5
Longitude

Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
34.5
Latitude
34.4
34.3
34.2
34.1
34
-119.9
-119.8
-119.7
-119.6
-119.5
-119.4
Longitude
Air Samples
I
I
I
I
I
Offshore station
Mohawk Kelp
Forest
Isla Vista Kelp
Forest
Platform Holly
Coal Oil Point
5m above
surface
GC HYSPLIT VOC Comparison Ethyne:CO
Lab Analysis
I
I
Gas chromatography
Elevated levels of urban gases
I
HCFC-141b
I
I
I
Refrigerant
Trichloroethylene (C2 HCl3 )

I
Refrigerant outlawed by Montreal Protocol
HFC-152a
Degreaser for metals
Dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 )

I
Degreaser for metals
HCFC-141b
HCFC-141b Measurements During SARP 2016
100
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
90
HCFC-141b (ppt)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
ht
g
Fli
ra
rba
t2
gh
Fli
ta
an
Ba
oia
qu
Se
ch
an
hR
ic
gw
Se
d
iel
rsf
ke
Ba
HYSPLIT Trajectories
24 back
trajectories
Majority through
Central Valley
San Francisco or
Fresno source
HCFC-141b Comparison
RF02 and Santa Barbara Cans

100
60
37.5
37.5
90
55
37
37
36
70
35.5
60
35
Latitude
Latitude
36
50
36.5
45
35.5
40
35
50
34.5
35
34.5
40
34
30
34
30
33.5
33
-121
HCFC-141b (ppt)
80
36.5
20
-120
-119
-118
-117
Longitude
25
33.5
33
-121
20
-120
-119
-118
-117
Longitude
Dichloromethane Comparisons

110
37.5
37
100
36.5
37.5
110
37
100
36.5
90
36
80
35.5
70
35
60
70
35
34.5
60
34
50
34.5
50
34
40
33.5
33.5
30
40
33
-121
35.5
80
Latitude
Latitude
36
CH Cl (ppt)
90
33
-120
-119
-118
-117
Longitude
-121
-120
-119
-118
-117
Longitude
Ethyne:CO
Ethyne:CO
I
I
Same source - combustion

Lifetime of ethyne 2
weeks
Lifetime of CO 2
months
Ratio can determine
relative age of air mass
I
Higher ratio indicates

younger air
Ethyne:CO Ratio Plots

RF01 Ethyne:CO
Ethyne (pptv)
RF02 Ethyne:CO
3000
3000
y = 1:82x - 7.30
y = 3:11x - 68.0
R2 = 0.893
2000
1000
1000
0
0
1000
R2 = 0.948
2000
500
1000
Santa Barbara Ethyne:CO
1000
3000
y = 2:76x + 2.70
Ethyne (pptv)
500
Isolated Flight 2 Data Ethyne:CO

y = 1:72x + 17.9
R2 = 0.997
R2 = 0.977
2000
500
1000
0
0
100
200
300
CO (ppbv)
500
1000
CO (ppbv)
Source Winds Catalina Eddy HYSPLIT
Source
Source - Los Angeles
Wind Data
Wind Data - 8:00 AM
Wind Data - 9:00 AM
Wind Data - 10:00 AM
Wind Data - 11:00 AM
Wind Data - 1:00 PM
Catalina Eddy
Meteorological
phenomenon
Forms April to
September
I
Peaks in
June
Counter
clockwise
rotation
Revisit HYSPLIT
Majority through
Central Valley
Few trajectories
show Eddy
influence
Summary Future
Summary
I
I
I
I
HYSPLIT predicted Central Valley influence

Chemical data and comparisons suggest Los Angeles
Largely influenced by Catalina Eddy
Predictions are only as good as their models
I
Always other methods to use
Summary Future
Future Research
Take more data samples

I
I
I
I
I
Airborne
Coastal
Sea
Further analysis of NMHC:CO ratios

Strength of influence of Catalina Eddy
Summary Future
Acknowledgments
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stacey Hughes
Dr. Don Blake
Rowland-Blake Lab
WAS Group
Rafe Day
Dr. Emily Schaller
Dr. Heath
Dr. Fuelberg
NASA Scientists
KORUS-AQ Scientists
UND & NSERC Staff
Summary Future
Questions?
Summary Future
References
I
Simpson, I.J., et al. 2010, Characterization of trace gases

measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76
speciated C2 - C1 0 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2 ,
CH4 , CO, NO, NO2 , NOy , O3 , and SO2 . Atmospheric
Chemistry and Physics. 10: 11931-11954
Xiao, Yaping, et al., 2007, Atmospheric acetylene and its

relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age. Journal
of Geophysical Reasearch. 112: D12305
Mass, Clifford F., Albright, Mark D., 1989, Origin of the

Catalina Eddy. Monthly Weather Review. 117: 2406-2436
Summary Future
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene During SARP 2016
10
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
9
8
C2 HCl 3 (ppt)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ht
g
Fli
ra
rba
t2
gh
Fli
ta
an
Ba
oia
qu
Se
ch
an
hR
ic
gw
Se
d
iel
rsf
ke
Ba
Summary Future
HFC-152a
HFC-152a Measurements During SARP 2016
250
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
HFC-152a (ppt)
200
150
100
50
0
ht
g
Fli
ra
rba
t2
gh
Fli
ta
an
Ba
oia
qu
Se
h
nc
h
wic
g
Se
Ra
iel
rsf
ke
Ba
Summary Future
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane During SARP 2016
120
110
100
CH 2 Cl 2 (ppt)
90
80
70
60
50
Flight 1
Flight 2
Kudela
Pusede
Roberts
Blake
40
30
20
ht
g
Fli
ra
rba
t2
gh
Fli
ta
an
Ba
oia
qu
Se
ch
an
hR
ic
gw
Se
d
iel
rsf
ke
Ba
Summary Future
Trichloroethylene Comparisons

10
37.5
37.5
2.5
37
37
8
36.5
36.5
35
34.5
34
33.5
33
-121
-119
-118
33.5
Longitude
34.5
34
-117
1.5
35
-120
35.5
33
-121
C2 HCl3 (ppt)
35.5
36
Latitude
Latitude
36
0.5
-120
-119
-118
-117
Longitude

Determining The Source of Urban Tracers in The Santa Barbara Channel

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Determining The Source of Urban Tracers in The Santa Barbara Channel

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Background Method Results Summary