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    Claire Buysse, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University - Abstract: Sequoia National Park (SNP) has the worst air pollution of any National Park in the United States. Ozone pollution levels in SNP are high enough to exert damaging impacts on humans, animals, and vegetation. The major source of ozone to SNP is local production within the nearby and ozone-polluted San Joaquin Valley (SJV), which is then transported out of the valley into the park. Emission controls to reduce ozone in the SJV have been in place for the last two decades and these controls should have had the effect of altering ozone levels within the SNP. This work has two aims: first, to investigate the chemistry driving trends in ozone in the SNP and to link these trends to trends in ozone in the SJV. Secondly, to consider both the metrics and time frames that best capture the ozone trends contributing to vegetation damage, as ozone damage to vegetation is not well represented by the trends in the primary ambient air quality standard assessed during ozone season.

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    Claire Buysse, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University - Abstract: Sequoia National Park (SNP) has the worst air pollution of any National Park in the United States. Ozone pollution levels in SNP are high enough to exert damaging impacts on humans, animals, and vegetation. The major source of ozone to SNP is local production within the nearby and ozone-polluted San Joaquin Valley (SJV), which is then transported out of the valley into the park. Emission controls to reduce ozone in the SJV have been in place for the last two decades and these controls should have had the effect of altering ozone levels within the SNP. This work has two aims: first, to investigate the chemistry driving trends in ozone in the SNP and to link these trends to trends in ozone in the SJV. Secondly, to consider both the metrics and time frames that best capture the ozone trends contributing to vegetation damage, as ozone damage to vegetation is not well represented by the trends in the primary ambient air quality standard assessed during ozone season.

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    221 views29 pages

    Ozone in Sequoia National Park

    Uploaded by

    jpeterson1
    Claire Buysse, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University - Abstract: Sequoia National Park (SNP) has the worst air pollution of any National Park in the United States. Ozone pollution levels in SNP are high enough to exert damaging impacts on humans, animals, and vegetation. The major source of ozone to SNP is local production within the nearby and ozone-polluted San Joaquin Valley (SJV), which is then transported out of the valley into the park. Emission controls to reduce ozone in the SJV have been in place for the last two decades and these controls should have had the effect of altering ozone levels within the SNP. This work has two aims: first, to investigate the chemistry driving trends in ozone in the SNP and to link these trends to trends in ozone in the SJV. Secondly, to consider both the metrics and time frames that best capture the ozone trends contributing to vegetation damage, as ozone damage to vegetation is not well represented by the trends in the primary ambient air quality standard assessed during ozone season.

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    Ozone pollution in Sequoia

    Transport, metrics, and change


    Claire Buysse1, Sally Pusede2, Alex
    Kotsakis3
    1

    College of Saint Benedict and Saint Johns University, 2 University of Virginia, 3 University of Houston

    National Ambient Air Quality Standard


    (NAAQS) 70 ppb
    Downtown Los Angeles from Griffith Observatory, 11:30 AM, July 10th, 2016

    Vegetative ozone damage

    NPS Photo

    NPS Photo

    Current NAAQS: 70 ppb


    U.S. EPA. 2013 Final Report: Integrated Science Assessment of Ozone and Related Photochemical
    Oxidants. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-10/076F, 2013.

    2016 American Lung Association

    2016 Google Maps


    4

    San Joaquin Valley

    Sequoia
    National
    Park

    2016 Google Maps

    2000 m
    Parlier
    SEQ07
    SEQ01
    Visalia
    500 m

    Importance of Sequoia National Park


    Part of largest
    contiguous wilderness
    in California
    Diverse ecosystem
    Unique plant species

    Giant sequoias
    NPS Photo

    Sensitive species

    U.S. Forest Service Photo

    Jeffrey pine

    NPS Photo

    NPS Photo

    Ponderosa pine

    Sequoia
    seedlings
    8

    Vegetative ozone damage


    O3

    Ozone uptake
    Vapor pressure
    deficit (VPD)
    Plant growth
    Photosynthetically-active
    radiation (PAR)
    9

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 1

    Vapor Pressure Deficit

    10

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 1

    Photosynthetically-active Radiation

    11

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 1


    April & May
    May-Oct

    12

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 2

    Ozone metrics
    High O3
    Daylight
    hours
    Cumulative
    exposure

    NAAQS

    8-hour
    max

    W126

    3-month
    integrate
    d hourly
    index

    SUM0
    13

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 2

    NAAQS

    14

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 2

    W126

    15

    Capturing stomatal flux: part 2

    SUM0

    16

    W126 Standards
    Visible foliar injury
    Growth effects to tree seedlings
    in natural forest stands
    ppm-hrs
    in plantations

    59 ppm-hrs
    713
    914 ppm-hrs

    Heck and Cowling, 1997

    3-month (92-day) standard of 7 ppm-hour exceeded in

    Trend
    since
    2000

    SEQ01

    SEQ07

    2015

    32 days

    45 days

    2016

    65 days

    Never (92+ days)

    2021

    Never (92+ days)

    Never (92+ days)

    *Calculated using average W126 daily index over sensitive season

    17

    Diurnal Profiles

    18

    Diurnal Profiles

    19

    Diurnal Profiles

    20

    Diurnal Profiles

    21

    Seasonal diurnal profiles

    22

    Temporal changes in ozone

    Production of Ozone

    Weekend effect

    Pusede and Cohen, 2012

    Weekday

    Weekend

    NO2

    23

    Parlier

    24

    Sequoia 07

    25

    Moderate
    temperatures

    Production of Ozone

    Ozone
    season

    Production of Ozone

    High
    temperatures

    SJV

    NO2

    SEQ

    26

    Conclusions
    For vegetation, the sensitive season (April and
    May) should be considered
    NAAQS is not an adequate measure for
    vegetative ozone damage
    Ozone levels in Sequoia are primarily
    dependent upon ozone production in the San
    Joaquin Valley
    Need for further research in the sensitive season
    and considering NO2 levels in the park
    27

    Acknowledgements

    Sally Pusede, Ph.D.


    Alex Kotsakis
    Jessie Sagona, Ph.D.
    Fellow NOxoholics
    Emily Schaller, Ph.D.

    28

    Questions?

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