15.5 Intersection of A Straight Line and A Circle

Mathematics in Focus Book D Chapter 15
Question Bank
15.5 Intersection of a Straight Line and a Circle

A. Number of Points of Intersection of a Straight Line and a Circle
B.
Coordinates of Points of Intersection of a Straight Line and a Circle
C. Equations of Tangents to a Circle

Conventional level 1
CD155C1_001FE
Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line L: 3x y + 5 = 0 and the
circle C: x2 + y2 8x + 4y + 4 = 0.
Solution
3x y + 5 = 0
y = 3x + 5 (1)
2
x + y 8x + 4y + 4 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (3x + 5)2 8x + 4(3x + 5) + 4 = 0
x2 + 9x2 + 30x + 25 8x + 12x + 20 + 4= 0
10x2 + 34x + 49 = 0 (3)
Discriminant of (3) = 342 4(10)(49)
= 804 < 0
There are no points of intersection.
Answer
no points of intersection
CD155C1_002FE
Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line L: 4x y 1 = 0 and the
circle C: x2 + y2 = 9.
Solution
4x y 1 = 0
y = 4x 1 (1)
x2 + y2 = 9 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (4x 1)2 = 9
x2 + 16x2 8x + 1 = 9
17x2 8x 8 = 0 (3)
Discriminant of (3) = (8)2 4(17)(8)
= 608 > 0
There are two points of intersection.
Answer
1
Educational Publishing House Ltd
Question Bank
two points of intersection
Question Bank
CD155C1_003FE
Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line L: x = 4 and the circle
C: x2 + y2 7x + 5y = 0.
Solution
Put x = 4 into x2 + y2 7x + 5y = 0.
(4)2 + y2 7(4) + 5y = 0
y2 + 5y + 44 = 0 (1)
= 151 < 0
There are no points of intersection.
Answer
no points of intersection
CD155C1_004FE
Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line L: x + 2y = 0 and the circle
C: x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 3 = 0.
Solution
x + 2y = 0
x = 2y (1)
x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 3 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(2y)2 + y2 2(2y) + 4y + 3 = 0
4y2 + y2 + 4y + 4y + 3 = 0
5y2 + 8y + 3 = 0 (3)
=4>0
There are two points of intersection.
Answer
two points of intersection
CD155C1_005FE
Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line L: 1 2x y = 0 and the
circle C: 4x2 + y2 4x + 1 = 0.
Solution
1 2x y = 0
y = 1 2x (1)
2
4x + y 4x + 1 = 0 (2)
Question Bank
Put (1) into (2).

4x2 + (1 2x)2 4x + 1 = 0
4x2 + 1 4x + 4x2 4x + 1 = 0
8x2 8x + 2 = 0
4x2 4x + 1 = 0 (3)
Discriminatn of (3) = (4)2 4(4)(1)
=0
There is one point of intersection.
Answer
one point of intersection
CD155C1_006FE
The straight line x + 2y 2 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 + 2x 6y k = 0 have two points
of intersection, where k is a constant. Find the range of the values of k.
Solution
x + 2y 2 = 0
x = 2 2y (1)
2
x + y + 2x 6y k = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(2 2y)2 + y2 + 2(2 2y) 6y k = 0
4 8y + 4y2 + y2 + 4 4y 6y k = 0
5y2 18y + 8 k = 0 (3)
The line intersects the circle at two points.
Discriminant of (3) > 0
(18)2 4(5)(8 k) > 0
164 + 20k > 0
k >
41
5
Answer
k>
41
5
CD155C1_007FE
The straight line x + 3y 2 = 0 touches the circle x2 + y2 5x 3y (k + 2) = 0, where
k is a constant. Find the value of k.
Solution
x + 3y 2 = 0
4
Question Bank
x = 2 3y (1)
x2 + y2 5x 3y (k + 2) = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(2 3y)2 + y2 5(2 3y) 3y (k + 2) = 0
4 12y + 9y2 + y2 10 + 15y 3y (k + 2) = 0
10y2 (8 + k) = 0 (3)
The line touches the circle.
Discriminant of (3) = 0
02 4(10)[(8 + k)] = 0
8+k=0
k = 8
Answer
k = 8
CD155C1_008FE
Find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the straight line L: x y = 0 and
the circle C: x2 + y2 6x 2y + 8 = 0.
Solution
xy=0
y = x (1)
2
x + y2 6x 2y + 8 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (x)2 6x 2(x) + 8 = 0
2x2 8x + 8 = 0
x2 4x + 4 = 0
(x 2)2 = 0
x = 2 (repeated)
Put x = 2 into (1).
y=2
The coordinates of the point of intersection are (2, 2).
Answer
(2, 2)
CD155C1_009FE
Find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the straight line 2x + y + 5 = 0
and the circle x2 + y2 = 10.
Solution
2x + y + 5 = 0
5
Question Bank
y = 2x 5 (1)
x2 + y2 = 10 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (2x 5)2 = 10
x2 + 4x2 20x + 25 = 10
5x2 20x + 15 = 0
5(x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 1 or 3
Put x = 1 into (1).
y = 2(1) 5
= 3
Put x = 3 into (1).
y = 2(3) 5
=1
The coordinates of the points of intersecion are (1, 3) and (3, 1).
Answer
(1, 3), (3, 1)
CD155C1_010FE
Find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the straight line L: x 3y + 1 = 0
and the circle C: x2 + y2 + 4x 6y 7 = 0.
Solution
x 3y + 1 = 0
x = 3y 1 (1)
2
x + y + 4x 6y 7 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(3y 1)2 + y2 + 4(3y 1) 6y 7 = 0
9y2 6y + 1 + y2 + 12y 4 6y 7 = 0
10y2 10 = 0
y2 = 1
y = 1 or 1
Put y = 1 into (1).
x = 3(1) 1
= 4
Put y = 1 into (1).
x = 3(1) 1
=2
The coordinates of the points of intersection are (4, 1) and (2, 1).
6
Question Bank
Answer
(4, 1), (2, 1)
Question Bank
CD155C1_011FE
Find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the straight line L: 4x y 1 = 0
and the circle C: x2 + y2 + 9x + 4y + 3 = 0.
Solution
4x y 1 = 0
y = 4x 1 (1)
2
x + y + 9x + 4y + 3 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (4x 1)2 + 9x + 4(4x 1) + 3 = 0
x2 + 16x2 8x + 1 + 9x + 16x 4 + 3 = 0
17x2 + 17x = 0
x(x + 1) = 0
x = 0 or 1
Put x = 0 into (1).
y = 4(0) 1
= 1
Put x = 1 into (1).
y = 4(1) 1
= 5
Answer
(0, 1), (1, 5)
CD155C1_012FE
Find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the straight line L: x 2y 9 = 0
and the circle C: x2 + y2 x + 26y + 108 = 0.
Solution
x 2y 9 = 0
x = 2y + 9 (1)
x2 + y2 x + 26y + 108 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(2y + 9)2 + y2 (2y + 9) + 26y + 108 = 0
4y2 + 36y + 81 + y2 2y 9 + 26y + 108= 0
5y2 + 60y + 180 = 0
y2 + 12y + 36 = 0
(y + 6)2 = 0
y = 6 (repeated)
Question Bank
Put y = 6 into (1).

x = 2(6) + 9
= 3
The coordinates of the point of intersection are (3, 6).
Answer
(3, 6)
CD155C1_013FE
Find the equations of two tangents to the circle x2 + y2 + 12x y + 25 = 0 if the slope
of each tangent is 2.
Solution
Let the equation of each tangent be
y = 2x + c (1)
Put (1) into x2 + y2 + 12x y + 25 = 0.
x2 + (2x + c)2 + 12x (2x + c) + 25 = 0
x2 + 4x2 + 4cx + c2 + 12x 2x c + 25 = 0
5x2 + (10 + 4c)x + c2 c + 25 = 0 (2)
Since (1) is a tangent to the circle,
discriminant of (2) = 0
2
(10 + 4c) 4(5)(c2 c + 25) = 0

100 + 80c + 16c2 20c2 + 20c 500 = 0
4c2 100c + 400 = 0
c2 25c + 100 = 0
(c 5)(c 20) = 0
c = 5 or 20
The equations of the tangents are
y = 2x + 5 and
i.e. 2x y + 5 = 0
y = 2x + 20
and 2x y + 20 = 0
Answer
2x y + 5 = 0, 2x y + 20 = 0
Question Bank
CD155C1_014FE
Find the equations of the two tangents to the circle x2 + y2 + 10x 4y 3 = 0 if the slope
of the tangent is 1.
Solution
y = x + c (1)
Put (1) into x2 + y2 + 10x 4y 3 = 0.
x2 + (x + c)2 + 10x 4(x + c) 3 = 0
x2 + x2 2cx + c2 + 10x + 4x 4c 3 = 0
2x2 + (14 2c)x + c2 4c 3 = 0 (2)
2
(14 2c) 4(2)(c2 4c 3) = 0

196 56c + 4c2 8c2 + 32c + 24 = 0
4c2 + 24c 220 = 0
c2 + 6c 55 = 0
(c + 11)(c 5) = 0
c = 11 or 5
y = x 11 and
i.e. x + y + 11 = 0
y = x + 5
and x + y 5 = 0
Answer
x + y + 11 = 0, x + y 5 = 0
CD155C1_015FE
Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 10x + 8y + 24 = 0 at P(4, 0) on
the circle.
Solution
Let C be the centre of the circle.
10
8
,
Centre C of the circle =
2
2
= (5, 4)
Slope of CP =
40
54
= 4
10
Question Bank
CP is perpendicular to the tangent.

Slope of the tangent =
1
4
1
4
The required equation of the tangent is

y0=
1
( x 4)
4
4y = x 4
x 4y 4 = 0
Answer
x 4y 4 = 0
CD155C1_016FE
Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 12x + 2y + 12 = 0 at P(6, 4) on
the circle.
Solution
12
2
,
Centre C of the circle =
2
2
= (6, 1)
Since CP is parallel to the y-axis, the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.
Equation of the tangent:
y=4
Answer
y=4
11
Question Bank
Conventional level 2
CD155C2_001FE
The straight line L: x 2y 5 = 0 intersects the circle C: x2 + y2 7x + 4y 30 = 0 at
two points P and Q.
(a) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection.
* (b)Find the length of the chord PQ in surd form.
Solution
(a) x 2y 5 = 0
x = 2y + 5 (1)
x2 + y2 7x + 4y 30 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
(2y + 5)2 + y2 7(2y + 5) + 4y 30 = 0
4y2 + 20y + 25 + y2 14y 35 + 4y 30 = 0
5y2 + 10y 40 = 0
5(y + 4)(y 2) = 0
y = 4 or 2
Put y = 4 into (1).
x = 2(4) + 5
= 3
Put y = 2 into (1).
x = 2(2) + 5
=9
(b) Length of the chord PQ
= ( 3 9) 2 ( 4 2) 2
=6 5
Answer
(a) (3, 4), (9, 2)
(b) 6 5
CD155C2_002FE
A straight line L intersects the circle x2 + y2 8x 4y 14 = 0 at two points P and Q,
where P lies in quadrant I and Q lies in quadrant III. M(0, 3) is the mid-point of PQ.
(a) Find the centre of the circle.
* (b)Find the equation of L.
* (c)Find the coordinates of P and Q.
12
Question Bank
Solution
(a) Let C be the center of the circle.
8
4
,
Centre C =
2
2
= (4, 2)
(b) Slope of CM =
23
40
1
4
CM is perpendicular to L.
1
Slope of L = 1 = 4
Equation of L:
y 3 = 4(x 0)
4x y + 3 = 0
(c) 4x y + 3 = 0
y = 4x + 3 (1)
2
x + y 8x 4y 14 = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (4x + 3)2 8x 4(4x + 3) 14 = 0
x2 + 16x2 + 24x + 9 8x 16x 12 14 = 0
17x2 17 = 0
x2 = 1
x = 1 or 1
Put x = 1 into (1).
y = 4(1) + 3
= 1
Put x = 1 into (1).
y = 4(1) + 3
=7
The coordinates of P and Q are (1, 7) and (1, 1) respectively.
Answer
(a) (4, 2)
(b) 4x y + 3 = 0
(c) P: (1, 7), Q: (1, 1)
13
Question Bank
*CD155C2_003FE
Find the equations of the two tangents to the circle x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + 36 = 0 if the
slope of each tangent is
5
.
12
Solution
y =
5
x c (1)
12
Put (1) into x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + 36 = 0.

5
x2
x c
12
x2
10 x 12
x c 36 = 0
12
25 2 5c
x
x c 2 10 x 5 x 12c 36 = 0
144
6
169 2
5c
x 5 x c 2 12c 36 = 0 (2)
144
6

5c
169 2
4
(c 12c 36) = 0
144
(30 5c)2 169(c2 + 12c + 36) = 0

900 300c + 25c2 169c2 2028c 6084 = 0
144c2 + 2328c + 5184 = 0
6c2 + 97c + 216 = 0
(3c + 8)(2c + 27) = 0
c =
8
27
or
3
2

y =
i.e. 5x + 12y + 32 = 0
5
8
x and
12
3
y =
5
27
x
12
2
and 5x + 12y + 162 = 0
Answer
5x + 12y + 32 = 0, 5x + 12y + 162 = 0
14
Question Bank
*CD155C2_004FE
Find the equations of two straight lines which are parallel to the straight line
L: 4x y + 6 = 0 and touch the circle x2 + y2 6x + 2y 7 = 0.
Solution
Slope of L =
4
=4
1
The required striaght lines are parallel to L.

Slope of the straight lines = 4
Let the equation of each straight line be
y = 4x + c (1)
Put (1) into x2 + y2 6x + 2y 7 = 0.
x2 + (4x + c)2 6x + 2(4x + c) 7 = 0
x2 + 16x2 + 8cx + c2 6x + 8x + 2c 7 = 0
17x2 + (8c + 2)x + c2 + 2c 7 = 0
Since (1) touches to the circle,
2
(8c + 2) 4(17)(c2 + 2c 7) = 0
4c2 + 104c 480 = 0
4(c + 30)(c 4) = 0
c = 30 or 4
The required equations of the straight lines are
y = 4x 30 and
i.e. 4x y 30 = 0
y = 4x + 4
and 4x y + 4 = 0
Answer
4x y 30 = 0, 4x y + 4 = 0
CD155C2_005FE
Consider the circle x2 + y2 6x + 4y 12 = 0.
(a) Determine whether P(7, 1) is a point on the circle.
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at P.
Solution
(a) Put x = 7 and y = 1 into x2 + y2 6x + 4y 12 = 0.
L.H.S. = 72 + 12 6(7) + 4(1) 12
=0
R.H.S. = 0
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
P(7, 1) is a point on the circle.
15
Question Bank
(b) Let C be the centre of the circle.

6
4
,
Centre C =
2
2
= (3, 2)
2 1
Slope of CP =
37
3
4
CP is perpendicular to the tangent at P.

1
4
Slope of the tangent = 3 =
3
4
The required equation of the tangent is
y 1 =
4
( x 7)
3
3y 3 = 4x + 28
4x + 3y 31 = 0
Answer
(a) yes
(b) 4x + 3y 31 = 0
CD155C2_006FE
Two tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 6x + 2y = 0. If the two tangents are
perpendicular to the straight line L: 3x y + 5 = 0, find
(a) the equations of the two tangents,
(b) the coordinates of the point of contact for each tangent found in (a).
Solution
3
=3
1
The tangents are perpendicular to L.
(a) Slope of L =
1
1
=
3
3
Slope of the tangents =
1
x c (1)
3
Put (1) into x2 + y2 6x + 2y = 0.
y =
x 2 x c 6 x 2 x c = 0
3
1
2c
2
x2 x2
x c 2 6 x x 2c = 0
9
3
3
16
Question Bank
10 2 2c 20
x
x c 2 2c = 0
9
3
2
10x 3(2c + 20)x + 9(c2 + 2c) = 0 (2)

2
[3(2c + 20)] 4(10)[9(c2 + 2c)] = 0

36c2 + 720c + 3600 360c2 720c= 0
324c2 3600 = 0
c2 =
100
9
10
10
or
3
3
The required equations of the two tangents are
c =
1
10
1
10
x
and
y = x
3
3
3
3
i.e. x + 3y + 10 = 0
and x + 3y 10 = 0
y =
(b) x + 3y + 10 = 0
x = 3y 10 (3)
Put (3) into x2 + y2 6x + 2y = 0.
(3y 10)2 + y2 6(3y 10) + 2y = 0
9y2 + 60y + 100 + y2 + 18y + 60 + 2y = 0
10y2 + 80y + 160 = 0
10(y + 4)2 = 0
y = 4 (repeated)
Put y = 4 into (3).
x = 3(4) 10
=2
For the tangent x + 3y + 10 = 0, the coordinates of the point of contact are (2, 4).
x + 3y 10 = 0
x = 3y + 10 (4)
Put (4) into x2 + y2 6x + 2y = 0.
(3y + 10)2 + y2 6(3y + 10) + 2y = 0
9y2 60y + 100 + y2 + 18y 60 + 2y= 0
10y2 40y + 40 = 0
10(y 2)2 = 0
y = 2 (repeated)
Put y = 2 into (4).
x = 3(2) + 10
=4
17
Question Bank
For the tangent x + 3y 10 = 0, the coordinates of the point of contact are (4, 2).
Answer
(a) x + 3y + 10 = 0, x + 3y 10 = 0
(b) (2, 4), (4, 2)
18
Question Bank
CD155C2_007FE
L is a straight line with slope m and it passes through the origin.
(a) Find the equation of L in terms of m.
(b) If L is a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 6x 2y + 5 = 0, find the values of m.
Solution
(a) Equation of L:
y 0 = m(x 0)
y = mx
(b) Put y = mx into x2 + y2 + 6x 2y + 5 = 0.
x2 + (mx)2 + 6x 2(mx) + 5 = 0
x2 + m2x2 + 6x 2mx + 5 = 0
(1 + m2)x2 + (6 2m)x + 5 = 0 (1)
Since y = mx is a tangent to the circle,
(6 2m)2 4(1 + m2)(5) = 0
36 24m + 4m2 20m2 20 = 0
16m2 + 24m 16 = 0
8(m + 2)(2m 1) = 0
m = 2 or
1
2
Answer
(a) y = mx
(b) 2,
19
1
2
Question Bank
Multiple Choice Questions level 1

CD155M1_001FE
What is the slope of the straight line touching the circle x2 + y2 6x + 12y + 4 = 0 at
the point (8, 2)?
A.
4
5
B.
5
4
C.
8
11
D.
8
11
Solution
6
12
,
Centre of the circle =
2
2
= (3, 6)
Slope of the line segment joining the centre and the point (8, 2) =
2 ( 6) 4
=
5
83
1
5
The required slope = 4 =
4
5
The answer is B.
Answer
B
CD155M1_002FE
Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the straight line L: x y 4 = 0 and
the circle C: x2 + y2 7x 3y = 0.
A. (4, 7), (3, 2)
B.
C.
D. (7, 3), (2, 2)
(5, 2), (2, 2)
(3, 5), (1, 2)
Solution
xy4=0
y = x 4 (1)
x2 + y2 7x 3y = 0 (2)
Put (1) into (2).
x2 + (x 4)2 7x 3(x 4) = 0
x2 + x2 8x + 16 7x 3x + 12 = 0
2x2 18x + 28 = 0
2(x 2)(x 7) = 0
x = 2 or 7
Put x = 2 into (1).
y=24
20
Question Bank
= 2
Put x = 7 into (1).
y=74
=3
The answer is D.
Answer
D
CD155M1_003FE
The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 18y 3 = 0 at P(2, 1) on the
circle is
A. 3x 4y 1 = 0.
B.
C.
D. 3x + 4y 2 = 0.
3x 4y 4 = 0.
3x + 4y 3 = 0.
Solution
8
18
Centre C = ,
2
2
= (4, 9)
Slope of CP =
=
9 (1)
42
4
3

1
Slope of the tangent = 4
3
3
4

y (1) =
3
( x 2)
4
4y + 4 = 3x + 6
3x + 4y 2 = 0
The answer is D.
Answer
D
21
Question Bank
CD155M1_004FE
The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 6y 156 = 0 at P(3, 9) on the
circle is
A. 5x + 12y 73 = 0.
B.
C.
D. 5x 12y 57 = 0.
5x + 12y 91 = 0.
5x 12y 123 = 0.
Solution
4
6
Centre C = ,
2
2
= (2, 3)
Slope of CP =
3 ( 9)
23
12
5

Slope of the tangent =
1
12
5
5
12

y (9) =
5
( x 3)
12
12y + 108 = 5x 15
5x 12y 123 = 0
The answer is B.
Answer
B
22
Question Bank
Multiple Choice Questions level 2

*CD155M2_001FE
Let a be a constant. The circle x2 + y2 (a + 2)x 5ay + 19 = 0 passes through P(1, 6).
Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point P.
A. x 3y + 17 = 0
B.
C.
D. 3x y 9 = 0
3x y + 9 = 0
x 3y 17 = 0
Solution
Put x = 1 and y = 6 into x2 + y2 (a + 2)x 5ay + 19 = 0.
(1)2 + (6)2 (a + 2)(1) 5a(6) + 19 = 0
1 + 36 + a + 2 30a + 19 = 0
29a + 58 = 0
a=2
2
The equation of the circle is x + y2 4x 10y + 19 = 0.

4
10
,
Centre C =
2
2
= (2, 5)
Slope of CP =
56
2 ( 1)
1
3

1
Slope of the tangent = 1
=3
y 6 = 3[x (1)]
y 6 = 3x + 3
3x y + 9 = 0
The answer is C.
Answer
C
23
Question Bank
*CD155M2_002FE
The straight line 4x 3y 54 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 10x + 16y (2k + 49) = 0 have
one point of intersection, where k is a constant. Find the value of k.
A. 67
B.
C.
D. 34
46
53
Solution
4x 3y 54 = 0
y=
4 x 54
(1)
3
x2 + y2 10x + 16y (2k + 49) = 0 (2)

Put (1) into (2).
4 x 54
x2
4 x 54
10 x 16
( 2k 49) = 0
3
16 x 2 432 x 2916
64 x 864
10 x
( 2k 49) = 0
9
3
x 2
25x2 330x 117 18k = 0 (2)

2
(330) 4(25)(117 18k) = 0

108 900 + 11 700 + 1800k = 0
k = 67
The answer is A.
Answer
A
24

15.5 Intersection of A Straight Line and A Circle

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Mathematics in Focus Book D Chapter 15