Autoturn User Manual PDF

Users Guide
Transoft Solutions, Inc.

13575 Commerce Parkway, Suite 250
Richmond, BC CANADA V6V 2K9
Tel. (604) 244-8387
Fax (604) 244-1770
http://www.transoftsolutions.com
Printed June 20 2006
Disclaimer
Transoft Solutions Inc. makes no warranty or guarantee, expressed, implied or statutory, as to the accuracy, reliability, suitability,
functioning, or results derived from the AutoTURN software program. Nor shall the licensing of the program and related program
materials or manuals constitute any warranty or guarantee. Transoft Solutions Inc. shall have no liability or responsibility to the
licensee or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly
by the AutoTURN software program and/or related program materials, including, but not limited to, any interruption of service, loss
of business or anticipated profits, or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of this product. All computer program
results require professional interpretation, and Transoft Solutions Inc. makes no warranty of results obtained by using the AutoTURN
software program. Any liability of Transoft Solutions Inc. is limited exclusively to product replacement.
This software and related materials and manual are sold as is. Any and all warranties for merchantability and/or fitness for a
particular purpose, express, implied or statutory, are expressly excluded. Portions of the program are protected by copyright laws,
Common Law Copyright, and/or trade secret protection by Transoft Solutions Inc. All programs and related program materials are
subject to proprietary rights of Transoft Solutions Inc.
Copyrights
All rights reserved. No portion of this document may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic
medium or machine readable form without prior written consent from Transoft Solutions Inc.
AutoTURN is protected by copyright and any copying for use by third parties without the express written permission of Transoft
Solutions Inc. is prohibited. Federal and provincial laws provide for the protection of this computer program and its documentation.
Any persons found in violation of the above copyright protection will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.
AutoTURN is a registered trademark of Transoft Solutions Inc. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk Inc. MicroStation is a
registered trademark of Bentley Systems, an Intergraph affiliate. Transoft Solutions Inc. is a Registered Developer with Autodesk Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and/or other Microsoft products referenced herein are either trademarks or
registered trademarks of Microsoft.
2006, Transoft Solutions Inc.
Table of Contents
Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 11
Platform Requirements............................................................................................... 11
Program Limitations .......................................................................................................... 12
Use of Design Guidelines ........................................................................................... 12
Interpretation of Program Results .............................................................................. 12
Turn Speeds and Minimum Turning Radii.................................................................. 12
Unusual Conditions .................................................................................................... 12
Tight Maneuvers with Standard Vehicles ................................................................... 13
Acceleration ................................................................................................................ 13
Active Paths and Simulations ........................................................................................... 14
Active Path.................................................................................................................. 14
Active Simulation ........................................................................................................ 15
Vehicles and Types........................................................................................................... 16
SmartPath Tools ............................................................................................................... 17
Speed, Lateral Friction and Superelevation ............................................................... 17
Steering Wheel Turn Rate .......................................................................................... 17
Reverse Maneuvers ................................................................................................... 18
Pre-Drawn Paths ........................................................................................................ 18
Tutorials ............................................................................................................................ 19
Installation .................................................................................................................................... 21
General Installation Notes................................................................................................. 23
Uninstalling Previous Versions of AutoTURN ............................................................ 23
Installing AutoTURN 5.1 ............................................................................................. 23
Migrating from AutoTURN 4 ....................................................................................... 23
Transferring User Created Content ............................................................................ 23
Installing on a Standalone Computer................................................................................ 24
Installing on a Network...................................................................................................... 25
Folders and Permissions ............................................................................................ 25
Network Configuration Types ..................................................................................... 26
Setting up the Server:................................................................................................. 26
Configuring the Workstations: .................................................................................... 27
Monitoring the Number of Network Users .................................................................. 27
Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD ....................................................................................... 28
Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation .................................................................................. 29

Authorizing AutoTURN...................................................................................................... 30
AutoTURN Configuration Utility ........................................................................................ 32
Move Program................................................................................................................... 37
Upgrade License ............................................................................................................... 40
Uninstalling AutoTURN ..................................................................................................... 42
Tools.............................................................................................................................................. 43
AutoTURN Menu Overview............................................................................................... 45
Settings Tools ............................................................................................................. 45
SmartPath Tools ......................................................................................................... 45
Path Editing Tools ...................................................................................................... 45
Path Follow Tools ....................................................................................................... 45
Editing and Reporting Tools ....................................................................................... 45
Help and Tutorials Tools............................................................................................. 45
Program Settings .............................................................................................................. 47
General Category ....................................................................................................... 47
Display Options Category........................................................................................... 48
Permissions Category ................................................................................................ 50
Access Levels (from lowest to highest): ..................................................................... 50
Hints Category ............................................................................................................ 52
Licensing Category..................................................................................................... 53
Contact Transoft Category ......................................................................................... 53
Simulation Properties ........................................................................................................ 54
General Category ....................................................................................................... 54
Envelopes Category ................................................................................................... 55
Hatching Category...................................................................................................... 58
Vehicles............................................................................................................................. 60
Create New Vehicle.................................................................................................... 61
Copy Vehicle............................................................................................................... 62
Vehicle Information..................................................................................................... 63
Calculate Steering Lock.............................................................................................. 65
Build Custom Type ..................................................................................................... 65
Parts View................................................................................................................... 68
Steering Linkages ....................................................................................................... 68
Articulate..................................................................................................................... 70
Load............................................................................................................................ 71
Sight Lines .................................................................................................................. 72
SmartPath Tools ............................................................................................................... 75
SmartPath Tool Options: ............................................................................................ 77
Generate Arc Path ............................................................................................................ 81
Generate Corner Path....................................................................................................... 82
Oversteer Corner Path ...................................................................................................... 84
Steer A Path...................................................................................................................... 86
Reverse Maneuvers .......................................................................................................... 88

Reverse Arc Path .............................................................................................................. 89
Reverse Corner Path ........................................................................................................ 90
Reverse Steered Path....................................................................................................... 94
Continue Simulation .......................................................................................................... 95
Delete Last Section ........................................................................................................... 96
Path Control ...................................................................................................................... 97
Place Offset Simulation..................................................................................................... 99
Select Active Path ........................................................................................................... 101
Place Simulation ............................................................................................................. 102
Steering and Articulating Angles .............................................................................. 102
Run Animation................................................................................................................. 103
Simultaneous Animations ......................................................................................... 103
Looping Animations .................................................................................................. 103
Place Vehicle .................................................................................................................. 104
Delete Vehicle ................................................................................................................. 105
Insert Profile .................................................................................................................... 106
Recall Simulations........................................................................................................... 107
Making Multiple Selections ....................................................................................... 108
Generate Template ......................................................................................................... 109
Generate Template vs SmartPath Tools .................................................................. 111
Turning Report ................................................................................................................ 112
Report Formatting Options ....................................................................................... 113
Tutorials .......................................................................................................................... 115
Help ................................................................................................................................. 118
Customizing AutoTURN ............................................................................................................ 119
Creating a Vehicle Profile................................................................................................ 121
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 123
AutoTURN File Types ..................................................................................................... 125
Vehicle Library Source Documents................................................................................. 126
AASHTO 2001 (US) ................................................................................................. 126
AASHTOM 2001 (US) .............................................................................................. 126
AASHTO 2004 (US) ................................................................................................. 126
AASHTOM 2004 (US) .............................................................................................. 126
CALTRANS 2005 (US) ............................................................................................. 127
CALTRANSM 2005 (US) .......................................................................................... 127
ILDOT 2002 (US)...................................................................................................... 127
AUSTROADS (AU) ................................................................................................... 128
AUSTROADS 2006 (AU).......................................................................................... 128
STANDARDS (AU) ................................................................................................... 128
CROW (NL) .............................................................................................................. 128
CROW 2004 (NL) ..................................................................................................... 128
DANSK (DK) ............................................................................................................. 129

FRANCE (FR)........................................................................................................... 129
NEW ZEALAND (NZ) ............................................................................................... 129
RAS-K-EAE (DE) ...................................................................................................... 129
FGSV 2001 (DE) ...................................................................................................... 130
ROA (NL) .................................................................................................................. 130
TAC-1999 (CA) ......................................................................................................... 130
TIEHALLINTO (FI) .................................................................................................... 130
DETR DB32 (UK) ..................................................................................................... 131
FTA 98 (UK).............................................................................................................. 131
FTA CUSTOM (UK) .................................................................................................. 131
VAGVERKET (SE) ................................................................................................... 131
VAGVERKET 2004 (SE) .......................................................................................... 131
VEGVESEN (NO) ..................................................................................................... 132
VSS 1990 (CH) ......................................................................................................... 132
CSN (CZ) .................................................................................................................. 132
CSN 2005 (CZ) ......................................................................................................... 132
RVS 2005 (AUT)....................................................................................................... 132
Minimum Turn Radius ..................................................................................................... 133
License Server Administration Tool ................................................................................ 134
Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... 145
Index ............................................................................................................................................ 151
Overview
Overview
Introduction
Introduction
AutoTURN is a CAD-based program that simulates low speed turning maneuvers for highway
vehicles. AutoTURN operates in the AutoCAD or MicroStation CAD environments, and may be
used to define vehicles and determine vehicle tire tracking and swept paths. The program can be
used in the design of road intersections, parking garages, loading ramps and most types of
vehicular facilities.
AutoTURN calculates the location and orientation of the vehicle as the user moves the mouse or
steers the vehicle through a series of maneuvers, or follows a pre-drawn path. The path is that
of the location of the center of the steering axle of the vehicle, and is either generated by
AutoTURN or is predrawn in the CAD environment using a combination of arcs and tangents.
Pre-drawn path segments can be combined into Polylines or Complex Chains.
AutoTURN includes complete sets of standard design vehicles for a number of different countries.
See Vehicle Library Source Documents. User-defined vehicles can be created where vehicle
dimensions can be varied and turn limitations defined. Program output includes various
combinations of tire, body, and clearance envelopes as well as full motion animation.
AutoTURN works in millimeters, centimeters, meters, inches or feet units. Vehicle dimensions
and path geometry need not be expressed in the same units.
AutoTURN simulations are based on the constant pursuit method of analysis. Tire friction and
road conditions can also be taken into account.
Platform Requirements
Operating System
CAD Program
Minimum Version
AutoCAD
2000
MicroStation
V8.1
Windows 2000/XP
Windows 2000/XP
1.
Transoft Solutions cannot guarantee compatibility with future versions of AutoCAD, MicroStation or Windows.
11
Program Limitations
Overview
Program Limitations
The user is responsible for applying engineering judgment in interpreting and using program
results. Familiarity with the software and its limitations is therefore important to ensure that the
results produced by the software are applied appropriately.
Use of Design Guidelines

AutoTURN is not intended to be a source for design information. The software must be used in
conjunction with the most currently available design guidelines for the local jurisdiction.
Interpretation of Program Results

AutoTURN is primarily a kinematic model, meaning that it does not account for the forces
resulting from vehicle inertia or road surface conditions other than dry pavement.
AutoTURN produces geometrically idealized results that may be difficult to replicate exactly under
actual field driving and road conditions. A successfully run AutoTURN simulation does NOT
suggest that all drivers can follow the defined path in real conditions, NOR does it imply that other
driveable paths between the desired start and end positions are not possible.
For the above reasons, AutoTURN results should be used conservatively, with ample
allowances added for clearances between vehicle tire track or swept path envelopes and
road edges or obstructions.
Turn Speeds and Minimum Turning Radii

Turn limitations for standard design vehicles are generally based on the minimum turn radius as
specified in the design guidelines for each jurisdiction. These are generally intended for speeds of
less than 15 km/h (about 10 mph).
For AUSTROADS vehicles, turn limitations are based on the absolute minimum radii, which are
for speeds less than 5 km/h.
Unusual Conditions
If non-standard vehicle types, roadway surfaces other than dry pavement, or other unusual or
non-standard conditions are used, AutoTURN may produce inaccurate results. Caution is advised
when dealing with the following conditions for which program results have not been verified:
12
Speeds greater than 15 km/hr (about 10 mph) where tire slippage and inertial forces become
significant;
Icy or otherwise slippery road surfaces, since they tend to produce less tire tracking than dry
road surfaces;
Overview
Program Limitations
Vehicles with multiple-axle bogeys consisting of three or more axles per bogey (as in heavy
load movers);
Vehicles where the ratio of the spacing between the fixed axles in a group to the wheelbase
(the distance between axle groups) is 0.5 or more;
Vehicles having more than four tires per axle;
Vehicle parts with steerable rear axles;
Vehicle combinations with multiple tractors;
Vehicle combinations consisting of tractors with four or more trailing parts.
It is highly recommended that the user obtain as much turning information as possible for nonstandard vehicles from manufacturers and other sources so as to be able to verify and draw
conclusions about AutoTURNs results.
Tight Maneuvers with Standard Vehicles

The standard design vehicles provided with AutoTURN have turn limitations derived from the
turning templates contained in the Design Manuals published by the corresponding jurisdictions.
See Vehicle Library Source Documents. The primary purpose of these design manuals is to
provide guidance for typical road design conditions.
Consequently, in some cases the standard vehicles may have turning circles that are too large for
situations where tight maneuvering is required, such as in loading areas or parking facilities. In
these cases, it may be necessary to create user-defined vehicles and provide turn limitations that
allow the tighter, more realistic minimum turning circles. In AutoTURN this can be accomplished
by copying the design vehicle and setting higher values for the steering lock and articulating
angles (see Vehicles).
CAUTION: The user must set steering lock angles that reflect the turn limitations of the specific
vehicle being considered. Actual field measurements or manufacturers data should be used. Use
of arbitrary angles will lead to misleading results.
Acceleration
AutoTURN does not consider vehicle acceleration or deceleration. When simulations are
generated from a stopped position, or to a stopped position, the vehicle is assumed to reach its
final speed, or come to a stop, in a short enough distance that it can be ignored when determining
the turn radius.
13
Active Paths and Simulations
Overview

Active Path and Active Simulation are concepts that were introduced in AutoTURN 4.0. The
current Active Path or Active Simulation is used by a number of different program functions. Only
the most recent Active Path OR Active Simulation is used.
It is important to remember that only one vehicle path can be active at any one time, and it can be
either a path picked with the Select Active Path tool (Active Path), or a path contained in a
simulation that has been placed, generated, or selected (Active Simulation).
These concepts allow the user to perform various operations repeatedly without having to
continuously re-select objects.
Active Path
An Active Path is the last pre-drawn path selected by the user using the Select Active Path tool.
When a path is selected, symbols are displayed at the start and end to indicate the direction of
travel, as shown below:
An Active Path
A path remains the Active Path until another path is selected OR a simulation is created using
any one of the SmartPath Tools. In the latter case, the last generated simulation becomes the
Active Simulation.
These functions act on the current Active Path and use the current selected vehicle:
14
Place Simulation
Run Animation
Place Vehicle
Overview
Turning Report
Active Simulation
An Active Simulation is the last simulation created by any of the SmartPath Tools or the Place
Simulation or Place Offset Simulation tools. Circles at the start and end points indicate selected
simulations, as shown below:
An Active Simulation
A simulation remains the Active Simulation until another simulation is created OR the Select
Active Path tool is used to pick a different simulation or select another pre-drawn path. These
functions act on the current Active Simulation and use the vehicle from the simulation:
Run Animation
Place Vehicle
Turning Report
15
Vehicles and Types
Overview
Vehicles and Types

Each AutoTURN vehicle is stored as a set of dimensions, but also references a separately stored
vehicle type definition.
The type definition includes:
The number of parts (maximum of 20)

The type of each part including the arrangement of articulating points
The number and arrangement of axles and wheels
The diameters of the tires
Once a type exists, a vehicle can be quickly created based on the type. This eliminates the need
to make many detailed decisions regarding numbers of parts, articulating points, tires, axles, etc.
each time a vehicle is created.
When creating a vehicle, only the following information needs to be input:
The dimensions of each part

The steering lock angle
The steering lock to lock time
The maximum articulating angle (for mulit-part vehicles)
AutoTURN includes a wide variety of vehicle types from which new vehicles can be quickly
created. However, users can also create their own custom types. See Tools/Vehicles/Build
Custom Type.
16
Overview
SmartPath Tools
SmartPath Tools
SmartPath Tools allow the user to automatically generate a vehicle path and simulation. This is
done on the fly by moving the mouse in the direction of travel.
The SmartPath Tools account for a vehicles speed and for lateral friction and superelevation, as
explained in the sections below.
Speed, Lateral Friction and Superelevation

The minimum radius of a generated path is determined from either the vehicles minimum turning
radius as calculated from the steering lock angle, or from a minimum turning radius calculated
from the vehicles speed, lateral friction and superelevation. The larger of these two radii is used.
Minimum turning radius as a function of speed, lateral friction and superelevation is calculated
using the following AASHTO formula:
2
R=
V
127 (e + f)
R = radius (m)
V = speed (km/h)
e = superelevation (m/m eg. 0.02 = 2/100)
f = friction (eg. 0.03)
Default lateral friction and superelevation factors used in AutoTURN are based on AASHTO
(1994) values. The default values can be overridden at the time a simulation is created.
Steering Wheel Turn Rate

AutoTURNs SmartPath Tools generate vehicle paths that account for the maximum rate at which
the steering wheel can be turned by incorporating spiral sections into the generated path. The
spiral sections transition the steering wheels between their initial angle and the angle required to
turn toward the target point.
Steering wheel turn rate is determined from the lock to lock time and the vehicles speed. The
lock to lock time is defined as the time it takes a driver to comfortably turn the steering wheel from
one steering lock position to the opposite side.
Conservative lock to lock times are assumed for all standard design vehicles.
17
SmartPath Tools
Overview
Reverse Maneuvers
Lateral friction and superelevation are not accounted for in reverse maneuvers, however, the
steering wheel turn rate is. Reverse maneuvers are carried out at 6 mph (10 km/h), a speed at
which these factors should be negligible. See Reverse Maneuvers in SmartPath Tools.
Pre-Drawn Paths
Turn simulations created from pre-drawn paths do not account for speed, lateral friction,
superelevation or steering wheel turn rate.
Only forward maneuvers are possible with pre-drawn paths. Reverse maneuvers must be carried
out using the SmartPath Tools.
The path must be created by the user using either a series of connected lines and arcs, or a
single Polyline (for AutoCAD) or a single Complex Chain (for MicroStation). Splines (for
AutoCAD) and B-splines (for MicroStation) are also now supported since AutoTURN 5.0.
The pre-drawn path can not be longer than 6600 feet or 2000 meters.
18
Overview
Tutorials
Tutorials
AutoTURN features interactive tutorials that run in the users chosen CAD environment.
The tutorials take the user step by step through various aspects of the software allowing the user
to quickly become familiar with the software. By running the tutorials, the user is actually using
AutoTURN to complete the tutorial steps. Each step of the tutorial requires a specific action which
must be completed correctly before the tutorial will advance to the next step. We feel that this
positive feedback provides an advantage over other methods of learning which can let the user
get lost or confused along the way.
See Tools/Tutorials for instructions on accessing the supplied tutorials and for creating userdefined tutorials.
19
Installation
Installation
General Installation Notes
General Installation Notes

Uninstalling Previous Versions of AutoTURN
Versions of AutoTURN prior to 5.0 must be uninstalled before installing AutoTURN 5.1. The
installation routine will not proceed if it detects a previous version of AutoTURN on the computer
you are installing to. User created content will not be deleted so it can be migrated to AutoTURN
5.1. See Migrating from AutoTURN 4. If you have version 5.0 installed you do not need to perform
an uninstall before installing AutoTURN 5.1.
Installing AutoTURN 5.1

AutoTURN 5.1 installs all Program files required to run in AutoCAD and MicroStation to the same
program folder. AutoTURN 5.1 now stores program folder locations in the registry.
Migrating from AutoTURN 4

It may be desirable to re-use simulations, custom types, custom vehicles, and tutorials with the
new version of AutoTURN. Once AutoTURN 5.1 is installed, move or copy the contents of the
output, tutorials user, types user, and vehicles user folders to the new Program files folder on the
Standalone computer. If the new installation is a Network configuration, it may be desirable to
have the files copied to the Workstation or Server depending upon the configuration type - see
Network Configuration Types.
Transferring User Created Content

It is possible to share user created content with users who are not on your network. Simply copy
the vehicle files: .vcl, .ld, and .sln files from the user created group under the Vehicles user folder
to the transferring media (floppy diskette, CD, etc.). Send the transferring media to the new user
and inform them to create the same user created group folder under their Vehicles user folder.
They can then copy the files to the user created group folder. The new user vehicle folder and
vehicle(s) will appear the next time they click Vehicles.
23
Installing on a Standalone Computer
Installation
Installing on a Standalone Computer

IMPORTANT! You must have administrator permissions to install and configure AutoTURN.
To install AutoTURN from CD

1
2
3
4
5
6
24
Insert the AutoTURN CD into the computers CD-ROM drive.

If the installation program does not start automatically:
a. Click Start > Run on the Windows taskbar.
b. Type drive:\setup where drive is the drive letter of the computers CD-ROM drive.
c. Click OK then follow the on-screen installation instructions.
When prompted, enter the License Number and CD Key that came with your package then
click OK.
When prompted, provide Setup with the location to install the Program files.
The setup file will create the Required Folders, desktop and Start menu shortcuts for
AutoCAD as well as the registry entries.
Proceed to Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD or Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation.
Installation
Installing on a Network
Installing AutoTURN on a network involves two stages: Setting up the Server then, Configuring
the Workstations.
Folders and Permissions

The names of folders where files are located are stored in the registry. The registry entries are
automatically created when AutoTURN is installed, but can be changed after installation if desired
by using the AutoTURN Configuration Utility. See AutoTURN Configuration Utility.
Permissions required during installation:
Folder Contents
Permissions
Program files
Full read/write
License Server files
Full read/write
Output files and settings
Full read/write
Note: The person performing the installation must have full read/write access to the above
folders.
Permissions after installation:
Folder Contents
Program files
License Server files
Output files and settings
Permissions
Read/execute
Read/execute
Full read/write
The Program files do not need to be stored on the same drive or computer as the License Server
files to allow for more flexibility. The Program files will be installed to a subfolder of the location
specified in the installation. The License Server files will also be installed to a subfolder of the
location specified in the installation. The Output files should always be located on each
workstation to preserve each users individual settings. This location is referred to as the
Workstation folder in the Configuring the Workstation section of the installation.
25
Installation
Network Configuration Types

Run from Workstation
AutoTURN is run from the workstation to reduce network traffic (recommended configuration).
The Program files are copied down to the workstation so that AutoTURN is running locally (the
Workstation folder doubles as the Program files folder in this case).
Run from Server

The workstation is configured to run AutoTURN from the server so network traffic is heavier. No
Program files are copied to the workstation.
Note: Each workstation running AutoTURN must be able to access the License Server in either
configuration.
IMPORTANT! Installation of the Program files must be performed at the network server if you
want Setup to create an uninstall routine on the server. The instructions for Setting up the Server
are assumed to be performed at the server, however, they can be performed at a workstation.
You must have administrator permissions to install and configure AutoTURN on the server.
Setting up the Server:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Insert the AutoTURN CD into the servers CD-ROM drive.

If the installation program does not start automatically:
a. Click Start > Run on the Windows taskbar.
b. Type drive:\setup where drive is the drive letter of the servers CD-ROM drive.
c. Click OK then follow the on-screen installation instructions.
Enter the License Number and CD Key that came with your package then click OK.
Enter the computer name of the machine where the Program files are to be installed.
Enter a file path for the Program files. An AutoTURN 5 share will be created on this folder
during installation to allow access to the Workstation installer program.
Enter the computer name and desired communications port of the machine where the
License Server is to be installed.
Enter a file path for the License Server files.
Proceed to Configuring the Workstations.
IMPORTANT! You must have administrator permissions to install and configure AutoTURN for
use on the workstations.
26
Installation
Configuring the Workstations:

1
2
3
4
5
At each workstation that will be running AutoTURN, browse to the AutoTURN 5 share on
the Program files server computer specified in step 4 of Setting up the Server above. Browse
to the Workstation subfolder then run SetupWorkstation to start the workstation installer.
Choose the type of network configuration you want: Run from Workstation (recommended) or
Run from Server. See Network Configuration Types.
When prompted for the location of the Workstation folder, browse to a local folder on the
workstation.
Setup will create the required local folders and registry entries on the workstation and setup
communication with the License Server.
Proceed to Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD or Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation.
Monitoring the Number of Network Users

AutoTURN monitors network usage by maintaining a log of users who have executed certain
program functions. When the maximum number of licensed users is reached, new users will be
denied access.
Administrators can access this log by generating a report from within the License Server
Administration Tool. See License Server Administration Tool.
27
Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD
Installation
Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD

In AutoCAD, AutoTURN can be started in the following manner on the standalone or workstation
computer:
1
2
3
Double-click the AutoTURN for AutoCAD desktop icon, OR

Click the AutoTURN for AutoCAD shortcut icon in the Start, Programs, AutoTURN folder, OR
From within AutoCAD:
a. Click any button on the AutoTURN toolbar, OR
b. Via Tools, Load Application, load the appropriate ARX file for your AutoCAD version
from the program folder.
If the program has not been authorized yet, see Authorizing AutoTURN.
Once the program is loaded, all commands can be accessed from the toolbar or menu. See
Tools.
28
Installation
Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation
Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation

In MicroStation, AutoTURN can be started in the following manner on the standalone or
workstation computer:
1
2
3
4
Click Utilities, MDL Applications from the MicroStation main menu.

Click Browse.
Select the MA file from the AutoTURN program folder.
Click OK.
If the program has not been authorized yet, see Authorizing AutoTURN.
Once the program is loaded, all commands can be accessed from the toolbar. See the Tools
section.
If the toolbar is closed, it can be restored by typing AT TOOLS in the key-in window
29
Authorizing AutoTURN
Installation
On initial program load, and subsequent loads until authorized, the Program Authorization dialog
appears prompting for your Authorization Key.
Program Authorization
To Authorize AutoTURN
1
2
3
4
5
6
30
If you are connected to the internet click Request Authorization (preferred method).
Please note that if you are behind a firewall, you will need to configure it to allow the CAD
application (i.e. AutoCAD/acad.exe or MicroStation/ustation.exe) to have access to the
internet.
You will be directed to a web page where you are required to fill in contact information to
request an Authorization Key.
Click Submit. An email containing the Authorization Key will be sent to the email address you
supplied.
Alternatively, you can contact Transoft Solutions with the information displayed in your
Program Authorization dialog to receive your Authorization Key.
Once you have received the Authorization Key, enter it into the dialog and click OK.
Installation
To Bypass the Authorization process

Click Bypass to use AutoTURN for a preset grace period. Once the grace period has expired
however, you must enter a valid Authorization Key to continue using the software.
31
AutoTURN Configuration Utility
Installation

AutoTURN uses the registry to keep track of where the folders and files it requires are located. If
you need to change these locations after installation, use the AutoTURN Configuration Utility:
atconfig.exe so AutoTURN will know what the new locations are. This utility should only be used if
you manually move the AutoTURN folders after installation, the License Server has been
changed (i.e. IP Address or communications port), or the workstation has lost communication with
the License Server because of network changes. This utility should not be used during the
installation process as the required registry entries are created automatically during program
installation.
This utility is made available for workstations in network configurations and standalone computers
running AutoTURN.
The utility must not be run on computers not configured to run AutoTURN (i.e. License Servers or
servers hosting the Program files).
For more information regarding transferring the program to another standalone computer see
Move Program.
For information on moving the program or administering the license in a network configuration
see License Server Administration Tool.
32
Installation
Configuration Settings
The following figure shows a typical standalone installation where the Program files and
Workstation folders are on the same computer.
AutoTURN Configuration Utility Standalone Installation
License Server
Host: This can be either an IP Address or a computer name.
Port: This is the communications port that the workstations will communicate with the License
Server on.
Required Folders
Program files: These are the files required by AutoTURN to run the program. Generally they
include the arx, ma, exe, and dll files, etc.
33
Installation
Workstation: This is usually a location on the workstation used by AutoTURN for storing the user
created content.
Optional Folders
Set these values if you want to specify different locations for user created content. Set them to
<default> to have AutoTURN use default folders in the Workstation folder location setting.
MicroStation Cell Libraries

The Patterns location is used by MicroStation to locate hatch pattern files for use in AutoTURN.
This value is ignored for AutoCAD users as AutoTURN uses AutoCADs search file path to locate
hatch patterns.
Report
Click this button to generate a report of your current configuration settings. This is useful if you
require assistance from Technical Support and they need to diagnose a problem with your
configuration.
Reset
Click this button to reset AutoTURN to default settings. The settings file (autoturn.set) will be
deleted and the current user registry entries will be cleared.
34
Installation
The following is an example of a Run from Workstation network configuration. During the
workstation configuration step of the installation, the workstation was pointed to the server for the
license, the Program files were copied to the workstation, and a local folder was specified to store
the Output files. In this configuration, the Program files are accessed from the workstation.
Example Run from Workstation Network Configuration
35
Installation
The following is an example of a Run from Server network configuration setup. During the
workstation configuration step of the installation, the workstation was pointed to the server for the
license, and a local folder was specified to store the Output files. In this configuration, the
Program files are accessed from the server.
Example Run from Server Network Configuration
36
Installation
Move Program
Move Program
Notes: Network configuration administrators see License Server Administration Tool/Move
License. At the end of this procedure, AutoTURN will no longer function on the computer you are
moving the program and license from.
To move AutoTURN from one Standalone computer to another:

1
2
3
At the new standalone computer, follow the instructions for installing AutoTURN. See
Installing on a Standalone Computer.
Start the program. See Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD or Starting AutoTURN in
MicroStation.
Write down the Installation Code that displays in the Program Authorization dialog, as in the
example below:
Program Authorization
4
5
6
7
8
Go to the computer you are moving the program from.

Start AutoTURN. See Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD or Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation.
Click Program Settings.
Select the Permissions category.
Enter the admin password then click Submit.
37
Move Program
Installation
Select the Licensing category. The following dialog displays:
Program Settings Licensing tab
Note: The Build Date, License Number, Maintenance Contract expiry date, and Installation Code
values may be different in your dialog.
10 Click Move Program. The following dialog displays:
Move Program
11 Ensure that steps 1-4 in the dialog have been completed successfully then click Proceed.
12 Enter the Installation code from the new computer that was written down from step 3 then
click OK. The following dialog displays:
38
Installation
Move Program
Move Program Enter New Installation Code
13 Click OK to confirm that you want to move the program to another computer and disable the
operation of AutoTURN on the original computer. The following dialog displays:
Move Program Confirmation Dialog
14 Write down the new Authorization Code that will be displayed, as in the example below. Note
that this code is also written to a file in case it is mislaid, as indicated in the example:
Move Program New Authorization Code
15 Go to the new computer and enter the new Authorization Code in the Program Authorization
dialog (see the illustration from step 3).
16 The program can now be uninstalled from the original computer. See Uninstalling AutoTURN.
39
Upgrade License
Installation
Upgrade License
Note: Network configuration administrators see License Server Administration Tool/Upgrade
License.
Standalone users can upgrade their AutoTURN license to add or update a MAP (Maintenance
Assurance Program).
To Upgrade your License

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Contact Transoft Solutions to order an upgrade.

Write down the new Authorization Key.
Enter the admin password then click Submit.
Select the Licensing category. The following dialog displays:
Program Settings Licensing tab
Note: The Build Date, License Number, Maintenance Contract (MAP expiry) date, and Installation
Code values may be different in your dialog.
8
40
Click Upgrade License. The following dialog displays:
Installation
Upgrade License
Upgrade License
9
10
11
12
13
Enter the new Authorization Key.

Click OK.
Click OK to confirm that you want to proceed with the upgrade.
Click OK to close the Program Settings dialog.
Click Program Settings to see the new Maintenance Contract date (MAP expiry date).
41
Uninstalling AutoTURN
Installation
Uninstalling AutoTURN
To Uninstall AutoTURN
1
2
3
4
5
Exit AutoCAD or MicroStation.

Click the Start button, then select Settings > Control Panel.
Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
Select AutoTURN from the list of installed programs.
Click Add/Remove.
Note: There may still be files left on the computer after the uninstall routine finishes. The uninstall
routine will not remove files that were created by the user i.e., user created types, vehicles and
simulations.
42
Tools
Tools
AutoTURN Menu Overview

The AutoTURN Toolbar appears the same in AutoCAD and MicroStation. Additionally, there is an
AutoTURN menu in AutoCAD. The menu and toolbars provide access to all features.
AutoTURN Toolbar
Settings Tools
Program Settings
Simulation Properties
Vehicles
SmartPath Tools
Generate Arc Path
Generate Corner Path
Oversteer Corner Path
Steer A Path
Path Editing Tools

Continue Simulation
Delete Last Section
Path Control
Path Follow Tools

Place Offset Simulation
Select Active Path
Place Simulation
Editing and Reporting Tools

Run Animation
Place Vehicle
Delete Vehicle
Insert Profile
Recall Simulations
Generate Template
Turning Report
Help and Tutorials Tools

Tutorials
Help
45
AutoTURN Menu
46
Tools
Tools
Program Settings
Program Settings
Sets various general program settings, display options, permissions, what hints display, licensing
information, functions for upgrading a license and moving a license between computers as well
as information about how to contact Transoft Solutions.
General Category
Program Settings General
Path
This setting tells AutoTURN what units should be used to create turn simulations. In MicroStation,
this setting refers to the master units setting of the design file. Care should be taken to ensure the
correct units have been selected before placing a simulation or running an animation. Units
available are:
inches
feet
millimeters
meters
centimeters
Reverse Overrides
These settings allow the user to set more realistic values for Steering lock and Articulating angles
than what are used in some design vehicles for the purposes of maneuvering two part vehicles in
reverse.
47
Program Settings
Tools
Save Simulation
Select In Output Folder to have AutoTURN save simulations in the Output folder. Select In
Drawing Folder to have simulations saved to an AutoTURN created subfolder where the drawing
is located. The subfolder is created with an AT- prefix.
Display Options Category
Program Settings Display Options
Animation
Animation speed
Set how slow or fast the animation runs, where 1 is the slowest and 10 is the fastest speed. This
setting is intended to allow users to view animations at a visually appealing rate on all computers
and to adjust for varying presentations.
While AutoTURN animations can be displayed at varying speeds, this is only for the purpose of
visualizing the maneuver. The speed of animation display is in no way related to the speed of
an actual vehicle.
Frame by frame
Checking this box causes the animation to display in frame-by-frame stop motion. This feature
can be used with screen capture software to capture each frame of an animation for transfer to
video.
When Frame by frame is checked, press any key once for every time you want to advance to the
next frame until the animation is completed. To speed up running the animation in Frame by
frame mode, press and hold down a key.
Note: Use the Tab key in AutoCAD to advance frames in Frame by frame mode.
The animation can be aborted at any time by pressing the Esc key.
48
Tools
Program Settings
Loop
Toggle this option to have animations loop repeatedly. The animation loop can be aborted at any
time by pressing the Esc key.
Draw tires
Check this box to have the tires drawn when running animations. Uncheck this box to improve the
smoothness of animations for older computers.
Draw envelopes
Checking this box enables the display of the front and rear tire envelopes when the animation is
run on an Active Path. This setting is ignored when running simulations on Active Simulations as
tire envelopes are not displayed.
Steer A Path
Set how fast or slow the vehicle follows the mouse while using the Steer A Path SmartPath Tool,
where 1 is the slowest and 10 is the fastest speed. This setting is available to allow users to
achieve a comfortable driving rate on all computers. The speed at which the vehicle follows the
mouse is in no way related to the speed of an actual vehicle.
View Angles Display

Check boxes allow the user to select when vehicle angles will display while the program is
operating. Angle measurements display for steering and articulating angles.
The following drawing illustrates a simulation with View Angles When Drawing option checked.
View Angle Example
Steering Pointer
Check this box to have the steering pointer display while generating simulations. The steering
pointer is a line with an arrow that shows the direction the vehicles steering wheels are pointing.
The following drawing illustrates a simulation being generated with the Steering Pointer option
checked.
49
Program Settings
Tools
Steering Pointer Example
Permissions Category
Program Settings Permissions not enabled
AutoTURN 5.1 uses Permissions to allow CAD Systems Managers, et al, more control over the
AutoTURN functions available to users in network configurations.
AutoTURN 5.1 ships with Permissions disabled, which grants users access to the same standard
program functions as in previous versions.
If more restrictive access is desired, administrators can enable permissions. See To Enable
Permissions. Once permissions have been enabled, each AutoTURN user will need to enter the
password assigned to the access level they desire. If they do not enter an access level password,
they will have Basic level access. AutoTURN will remember the users last access level when
they restart AutoTURN so an access level password is not required every time AutoTURN is
started.
The passwords are stored on the License Server and are accessed by all workstations running
AutoTURN.
Access Levels (from lowest to highest):
Basic can select vehicles, can not create or add loads/sightlines, can not create new vehicles
or set Steering Linkages. Default password: n/a.
50
Tools
Program Settings
Standard can select vehicles, can create vehicles, can create custom types, can add/delete
loads/sightlines and set Steering Linkages. Default password: standard.
Advanced Standard access level plus the ability to lock custom vehicles and custom types.
Default password: advanced.
Administrator can enable/disable permissions, can change passwords. In standalone
installations, the admin password enables the Move Program and Upgrade License buttons in
the Program Settings/Licensing category. Default password: admin.
Note: An equivalent or higher access level of that used to create the custom vehicle or type is
required to edit or delete custom vehicles or types.
To Enable Permissions:
1
2
3
4
5
6

Enter the admin password.
Click Submit.
Select Enable Permissions located in approximately the middle of the Program Settings Permissions dialog:
Program Settings Administration Dialog
It is recommended that the default Standard User, Advanced User, and Administrator
passwords be changed at this time. Ensure you record the new passwords for easy retrieval.
8 Click Logout.
9 The message Basic Access will be displayed.
10 Click OK.
11 Logout of the workstation.
51
Program Settings
Tools
To Disable Permissions:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Enter the admin password.
Click Submit.
Deselect Enable Permissions.
Click Logout.
Click OK.
Logout of the workstation.
To set User access level permissions:

With the Program Settings dialog open to the Permissions category:
1
2
3
4

Enter the password for the access level you desire. See Access Levels for default
passwords.
5 Click Submit.
6 A message will display below Password indicating the access level granted by the password
that was just entered (i.e. Standard Access, Advanced Access, etc.).
7 Click OK.
Note: Clicking Logout at any access level will return the user to Basic access level.
Hints Category
Program Settings - Hints
52
Tools
Program Settings
Check boxes allow the user to select which hints will display while the program is operating.
Licensing Category
Program Settings Licensing
This dialog displays the product Name, Version, Build Date, maximum Number of users allowed,
Maintenance Contract (MAP expiry) date, and the Installation Code for the currently installed
product.
Contact Transoft Category
Program Settings Contact Transoft
This dialog contains information for contacting Transoft Solutions via telephone, e-mail, or
website.
53
Tools
Sets the various properties that determine how turn simulations will be drawn. The Update
function allows an existing simulation to be updated to the currently displayed properties.
General Category
Simulation Properties - General
Draw Simulation On
Set the layer/level that the simulation will be drawn on. Click current layer/level to have
simulation drawn on the CAD platforms current layer/level. Click new layer/level then enter
desired layer/level to have the simulation drawn on the new layer/level specified. To have
simulation drawn on an existing layer/level, click layer/level then select the layer/level from
drop down list.
the
the
the
the
Path Draw Options

Set color, and line style, for the path line and path icons that are drawn.
Note: The path line is always drawn in SmartPath and Place Offset Simulation Tools simulations.
Vehicle Draw Options

Set which elements to draw as well as the elements Line Color, Line Style, and Fill as applicable
for each element.
54
Tools
Notes:
Tire treads can not be selected unless Tires is first selected.
The Vehicle element is always drawn in simulations.
If Vehicle Name is set to draw, the vehicle group and name will be drawn in every vehicle
instance in the simulation.
Draw vehicles at
Click Path Ends to have vehicles placed only at the start and end of the simulation.
Click Section Ends to have vehicles placed at the end points of each section in a series of
maneuvers.
Click Intervals to have vehicles placed at spaced intervals. Enter the spacing between vehicle
placements in the edit box. This value is expressed in vehicle lengths. For example, a value of 1
would result in vehicles being placed with the end of one coinciding with the beginning of the
next.
Update
Click this button then select an existing simulation to update the simulation to the properties
currently displayed. This is useful for making changes to existing simulations without having to
regenerate or place them again.
Envelopes Category
Simulation Properties Envelopes
Set which envelopes to draw as well as the envelopes Line Color, Line Style, Maximum Width
dimension and Clearance Distances.
55
Tools
Envelope Types:
Front Tires
Check this box to have the simulation drawn with envelopes that track the outside edges of the
tires in the front most axle group of the vehicle. If there is more than one axle in the front axle
group, envelopes will be drawn for the first and last axle in the group.
Front Tires Envelopes Example
Rear Tires
Check this box to have the simulation drawn with envelopes that track the outside edges of the
vehicles rear most axle group. The envelopes generated depend upon the composition of the
rear axle group: one envelope is drawn for the center of the group if the group contains less than
three fixed axles; if the group contains more than three fixed axles an envelope is drawn for the
center of the group and one for the last axle; if the group contains all steerable axles an envelope
is drawn for the first and last axles; if the group contains a combination of fixed and steerable
axles an envelope is drawn to track the center of the fixed group and either the first axle (if there
are more steerable axles in front of the fixed group) or the last axle (if there are more steerable
axles behind the fixed group).
Rear Tires Envelopes Example
56
Tools
Vehicle body
Check this box to have the simulation drawn with a Vehicle body or Swept Path envelope. The
Swept Path envelope is the widest path swept out by the sides and overhangs of the vehicle.
Vehicle Body Envelope Example
Load
Check this box to have the simulation drawn with envelopes that track each point of the Load
applied to the vehicle. If no Load is applied to the vehicle, Load envelopes will not be drawn.
Load Envelopes Example
Clearances
Check these boxes and specify clearance distances to have the simulation drawn with envelopes
generated at the distances offset from where they would normally be drawn.
Vehicle body Clearance Envelope Example
Max Width
Check this box to have the simulation drawn with a symbol consisting of a circle on each
envelope and a dimension between them at the widest point of the simulation for the selected
envelope combinations.
57
Tools
Vehicle body Envelope with Max Width Example
Hatching Category
Simulation Properties Hatching
Enable hatching then set the Hatch Pattern, Color, Scale and Angle.
Note: Ensure that either the Vehicle body envelope or Body Clearance envelope is set to draw in
the Envelopes Category. Hatching will not be applied to the simulation if one of these envelopes
is not set to draw.
Hatching with Vehicle body Envelope Example
58
Tools
Hatching with Body Clearance Envelope Example
MicroStation users:
AutoTURN uses the athatch.cel patterns file in the Patterns folder by default. To use a different
hatch pattern file, specify the files location using the AutoTURN Configuration Utility. See
AutoTURN Configuration Utility.
Note: .cel files must be Version 8 or higher.
AutoCAD users:
AutoTURN scans the AutoCAD search path and includes any .pat files found. To use custom
hatches, place them in a folder which is included in the search path.
59
Vehicles
Tools
Vehicles
Sets the current vehicle. This tool is also used to create new vehicles, types, and groups, and to
add loads and/or sight lines to vehicles. In addition, steering linkages can be set for vehicles with
front and rear steering.
Different icon buttons will appear at the bottom of the dialog depending on whether the vehicle
has a Load and/or Sight Lines applied (see Load and Sight Lines below) or can be deleted.
Permissions can be set to limit the access for creating and editing custom vehicles and types as
well as the ability to add loads and sight lines to vehicles and to set steering linkages. The
buttons will only be available if the user has the required permissions. See Program Settings >
Permissions.
To Select the Current Vehicle

1
2
3
4
Click Vehicles.
Select the desired Vehicle Group from the Group list .
Select the desired Vehicle from the Vehicle list .
Click OK.
Select Current Vehicle
Group
Select the group from the list of available vehicle groups. The vehicles in each group are
displayed in the Vehicles list below. Groups containing standard design vehicles are displayed
first in the group list. Groups containing user-defined vehicles are displayed last. Standard design
vehicle groups cannot be deleted.
60
Tools
Vehicles
Vehicle
Select the vehicle from this list. This list comprises all of the vehicles available in the currently
selected Group. The selected vehicle will appear to the right in a profile view. If there is no profile
drawing associated with the vehicle type, a plan view will be displayed. Standard design vehicles
cannot be deleted, or modified.
Create New Vehicle

Creates a new vehicle from a standard or custom type See Build Custom Type.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to create a new
vehicle. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Create a New Vehicle

1
2
Click Vehicles.
Click Create New Vehicle. The following dialog displays:
Create New Vehicle
3
4
5
6
7
Select the new vehicles type from the Select type list. See Build Custom Type if the vehicle
type you want is not available.
If there is no profile drawing associated with the vehicle type, a plan view of the vehicle type
will be displayed. In this case, click Parts View to continue creating the new vehicle. See
Customizing AutoTURN/Creating a Vehicle Profile.
Enter a Name for the new vehicle.
Select the Group in which you want to place the new vehicle from the - Select a Group - drop
down list. If the group does not exist, click Create New Group see Create New Group.
Select the units for the new vehicles dimensions.
61
Vehicles
Tools
Enter the new vehicles dimensions, Lock to lock time and Steering lock angle (See Calculate
Steering Lock), etc. See the Glossary for explanations of these terms.
9 If the vehicle type has a front and rear steering configuration click Steering Linkages to enter
the steering angles and ratios. See Steering Linkages.
10 Click OK. This new vehicle is now the Current Vehicle.
Copy Vehicle
Creates a new vehicle by copying the currently selected vehicle.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to copy the
selected vehicle. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Copy a Vehicle
1
2
Click Vehicles.
Click Copy Vehicle. The following dialog displays:
Copy Vehicle
3
4
5
6
7
62
Enter a Name for the new vehicle.

Select which Group to create the vehicle in.
Change any of the vehicles dimensions.
If the vehicle type has a front and rear steering configuration click Steering Linkages to enter
the steering angles and ratios. See Steering Linkages.
Click OK. This new vehicle is now the Current Vehicle.
Tools
Vehicles
Create New Vehicle Buttons
Vehicle Information
Click this button to see additional information about the selected vehicle. Click this button when
creating new vehicles to add additional information. The Vehicle Information will be translated on
the fly if the information is written using the tags in the following list.
List of Tags:
SP
AS
VD
BO
Source Publication:
Assumptions:
Vehicle Dimensions Prorated
Based on
TC
TL
Tractor
Trailer
BF
WB
BL
CR
PA
WD
TR
TB
OL
AX
Body Front
Wheelbase
Body Length
Axle to Pivot
Pivot to Axle
Width
Track
Towbar
Overall Length
Axle Spacing
LL
Lock to Lock Time

63
Vehicles
SA
AA
Tools
Steering Lock Angle

Articulating Angle
Note: There is a limit of 8 lines and a maximum of 400 characters.
Vehicle Information CROW 2004 (NL) VA
The following example shows how the Vehicle Information was formatted for the CROW 2004
(NL) VA vehicle:
=SP= ASVV 2004, CROW, 2004

=AS=
=VD=
=SA= =BO= ROA (NL) TO98.
=TC= =BL= =BO= ROA (NL) TO98.
Create New Group

Creates a new group in which to store user created vehicles. Creating a new group can only be
accomplished while creating a new vehicle or copying a vehicle. See Create New Vehicle and
Copy Vehicle.
New Vehicle Group
Enter the new vehicle Group name then click OK.
64
Tools
Vehicles
Calculate Steering Lock

Calculates the steering lock angle for the given radius type and radius entered by the user.
Calculating a vehicles steering lock angle can only be accomplished while creating a new
vehicle. See Create New Vehicle and Copy Vehicle.
To Calculate a Vehicles Steering Lock Angle:

1
Click Calculate Steering Lock. The following dialog displays:
Calculate Steering Lock Angle
2
3
4
Select the desired Minimum Turning Radius type.

Enter a value for the Radius.
Press the Tab key to have the calculator display the steering lock angle for the entered
radius.
5 Click Apply. The steering lock angle will be entered into the vehicle creation dialog.
Note: The units used are those of the vehicle being created.
Build Custom Type

Creates a new vehicle geometry type for use in creating new vehicles. If a profile view of the new
type is desired see Customizing AutoTURN/Creating a Vehicle Profile once the new type is
created.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to create a
custom type. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Build a Custom Type

1
2
3
Click Vehicles.
Click Create New Vehicle.
Click Build Custom Type. The following dialog displays:
65
Vehicles
Tools
Build Custom Type
4
5
6
7
8
9
Enter a Name for the new type.

Select the type of Tractor from the Current Part list.
Enter the Tire size and units for this part.
Select the number of front and rear axles and wheels.
Enter the axle Spacing of the front and rear axle groups.
Select the type of Steering.
a. Note that tractors can have the following steering configurations: Front only, Rear only,
Front and rear, and Front fixed only.
b. To enable Steering Linkages for a single part vehicle select the Front and rear steering
configuration. See Steering Linkages.
10 Click Articulate to check steering components.
11 Click Add New Part.
12 Select the type of Trailer from the Current Part list.
13 Repeat steps 6-10 to define the new part.
a. Note that the last trailers rear axles can be fixed or steerable.
b. To enable Steering Linkages, only the last trailers rear axles can be configured as rear
steerable and all axles in the rear group must be steerable. See Steering Linkages.
14 Click Delete Last Part to remove undesired parts.
15 If there are no more parts to be added, click OK or
16 If there are more parts to be added click Add New Part and repeat steps 6-10 until you have
defined all the parts for the custom type.
Note on Tire Units: The units used to express tire diameters default to inches if the vehicle
dimensions are in feet or millimeters if the vehicle dimensions are in meters.
66
Tools
Vehicles
Custom Type Buttons
Edit Custom Type

Allows editing of the selected user created custom type.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to edit the
selected custom type. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Edit a Custom Type

1
2
3
4
5
Click Vehicles.
Select the custom type to edit.
Click Edit Custom Type.
Make the desired changes then click OK.
Delete Custom Type

Deletes the selected custom vehicle type.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to delete the
selected custom type. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Delete a Custom Type

1
2
3
4
5
Click Vehicles.
Select the custom type to delete.
Click Delete Custom Type.
Confirm deletion of the custom vehicle type.
67
Vehicles
Tools
Parts View
Allows the user to view the relevant details of the currently selected vehicle. The vehicle is
displayed in a plan view. If the user has appropriate permissions, editing of the vehicles
dimensions are possible. This dialog is also useful for seeing how the vehicle will articulate by
clicking the Articulate button.
Parts View
The data in the top left corner displays the current vehicles Name, Type, Group, Units, Lock to
lock time, Steering lock angle, and Articulating angle (where applicable).
The entire vehicle (click All) or vehicle part (click Part) can be displayed in the top portion of the
dialog box, while the lower portion details the selected part (highlighted with a red arrow above
the center of that part). Clicking in the center of a part will highlight that part.
It is possible to edit the vehicles dimensions: front overhang, wheelbase, body length, connector,
vehicle width and track width, Lock to lock time, Steering lock angle, and Articulating angles. It is
not possible to make changes to vehicle type information in this dialog: Part types, numbers of
Axles or Wheels, Tire size, or axle Spacing (see Edit Custom Type).
Steering Linkages
AutoTURN 5.1 introduces the ability to set Steering Linkage ratios between the front and rear
steering axle groups. Previous versions of AutoTURN had a 1:1 ratio between the front and rear
steering angles. This meant that if the front angle was 15 degrees then the rear angle was also
15 degrees. This ratio can now be expressed as a Rate from 0 to 1 where a value of 1 would
provide the same 1:1 ratio as previous versions. A ratio of 1:2 would be entered as a Rate of 0.5
and the rear steering angle would change at a rate of one degree for every 2 degrees that the
front steering angle changed.
To simulate non-linear linkage ratios, this feature allows the setting of different rates of change for
the rear steering angle based on different front steering angle ranges. For example, the rear
68
Tools
Vehicles
steering angle rate of change for the front steering angle range of 0 to 10 degrees could be set to
0.5 (a ratio of 1:2), a different rate could be set from 10 to 20 degrees, say 0.25 (a ratio of 1:4),
yet another rate could be set from 20-40 degrees, say 0.2 (a ratio of 1:5), etc.
Steering Linkage ratios are available for single part vehicles when front and rear steering is
configured. In this case the angle of the front steering angle affects the rear steering angle.
Steering Linkages for a single part vehicle
Steering Linkage ratios are also available for multi-part vehicles when the tractor has front
steering and the last trailer has rear steering configured. Only the last trailer of multi-part vehicles
can have rear steering applied to it. In addition, the tractor can not have front and rear steering if
a trailer in the type is to have rear steering. All axles in the rear steered group must be steering
axles to enable Steering Linkages. In the case of multi-part vehicles employing rear steering, the
rear steering angle is affected by the articulating angle of the rear steered part.
Steering Linkages for vehicle with rear steered trailer
The rear steering angle is derived from the front steering angle (in the case of single part
vehicles) or articulating angle (in the case of multi-part vehicles) using the following formula:
((To1 - From1) * Rate1) + ((To2 - From2) * Rate2) +
Therefore, if the articulating angle in the multi-part vehicle example pictured above is 45 degrees,
the rear steering angle is 15 degrees:
((20 0) * 0.25) + ((45 20) * 0.4) = 15
69
Vehicles
Tools
Steering Linkage ratios for single part vehicles with front and rear steering apply when generating
forward and reverse maneuvers.
Steering Linkage ratios for multi-part vehicles with front and rear steering only apply when
generating forward maneuvers. When a multi-part vehicle with front and rear steering is
generating a reverse maneuver the trailers axles are considered to be fixed.
Articulate
Click Articulate to demonstrate the articulation of the vehicle or part.
Delete Vehicle, Load, and Sight Lines Buttons
Delete Vehicle
Deletes the currently selected user created custom vehicle.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to delete the
selected custom vehicle. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Delete a Vehicle
1
2
3
4
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to delete.
Click Delete Vehicle.
Confirm deletion of vehicle.
Note: Standard design vehicles cannot be deleted.
Delete Load
Deletes the load associated with the current vehicle.
70
Tools
Vehicles
Note: This button displays only when there is a load associated with the vehicle and the user has
the appropriate permissions to delete the load. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Delete a Load from a vehicle

1
2
3
4
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to delete the load from.
Click Delete Load.
Confirm deletion of the load.
Load
Creates a user-defined load for the current vehicle. The load can only be applied to the vehicle it
was created for. See Apply Load.
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to create a load
for the selected vehicle. See Program Settings Permissions.
To create a Load for a vehicle

1
2
3
4
5
6
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to create a load for.
Click Load.
Select the part to add the load to by clicking inside the wheelbase of the part (highlighted with
a red arrow above the center of that part).
Select the type of load to add from the Load type drop down list.
Define each coordinate of the load. The load datum is the front-center point of the part. You
will see the load update in the plan view as in the example dialog below:
Example of a 4 point shape Load
71
Vehicles
Tools
When satisfied with the load definition, click OK.
Note: The vehicle and load will be drawn the next time a simulation is generated. Alternatively, it
is possible to Update the simulation to have the load drawn in the vehicle instances (See
Simulation Properties).
Uncheck the Apply box if you do not want to see the load displayed when generating or updating
simulations. See Apply Load.
Apply Load
Allows the load associated with the current vehicle to be displayed when generating simulations,
running animations, placing vehicles in a simulation, or updating simulations.
Note: This button displays only when there is a load associated with the vehicle and the user has
the appropriate permissions to apply the load. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Apply the Load

1
2
3
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to apply the load to.
Check the box beside Load.
To Disable the Load

1
2
3
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to disable the load for.
Uncheck the box beside Load.
Delete Sight Lines

Deletes the sight lines associated with the current vehicle.
Note: This button displays only when there is a sight line associated with the vehicle and the user
has the appropriate permissions to delete the sight line. See Program Settings Permissions.
To Delete Sight Lines from a vehicle

1
2
3
4
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to delete sight lines from.
Click Delete Sight Lines.
Confirm deletion of the sight lines.
Sight Lines
Creates user-defined sight lines for the current vehicle. This tool can be used to simulate
headlights, rear or side mirror viewing areas, etc. The sight lines can only be applied to the
vehicle it was created for. See Apply Sight Lines.
72
Tools
Vehicles
Note: This button displays only when the user has the appropriate permissions to add sight lines
to the selected vehicle. See Program Settings Permissions.
Sight Lines Example
Base point
The sight lines base point is located at the front-center of the part.
Base width
This is the width of the sight lines at the base point. The Base width is centered on the Base point
so, one half of the Base width is measured to either side of the Base point.
Beam angle
This is the angle of the sight line as measured along the center of the sight line counter clockwise
from the Base point.
Beam length
This is the length of the sight line as measured along the center of the sight line.
Sweep angle
This is the angle swept out by the sight line
To Create Sight Lines for a Vehicle

1
2
3
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to create sight lines for.
Click Sight Lines.
73
Vehicles
4
5
6
Tools
Select the part to add sight lines to (highlighted with a red arrow above the center of that
part).
Define the characteristics of the sight lines as desired. You will see the sight lines update in
the plan view:
When satisfied with the sight lines, click OK.
Note: The vehicle and sight lines will be drawn the next time a simulation is generated.
Alternatively, it is possible to Update the simulation to have the sight lines drawn in the vehicle
instances (See Simulation Properties - Update).
Apply Sight Lines

Allows the sight lines associated with the current vehicle to be displayed when generating
simulations, running animations, placing vehicles in a simulation, or updating simulations.
Note: This button displays only when there is a sight line associated with the selected vehicle and
the user has the appropriate permissions to apply the sight line. See Program Settings
Permissions.
To Apply the Sight Lines

1
2
3
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to apply the sight lines to.
Check the box beside Sight Lines.
To Disable the Sight Lines

1
2
3
74
Click Vehicles.
Select the group and vehicle you want to apply the sight lines to.
Uncheck the box beside Sight Lines.
Tools
SmartPath Tools
SmartPath Tools
Creates various types of turn simulations by prompting the user for a starting position then
dynamically generating the path geometry as the mouse is moved through the maneuver.
Simulations are generated using the current vehicle, settings, and properties. See Vehicles,
Program Settings, and Simulation Properties.
To Generate a Turn Simulation:

Notes: These instructions are generic for creating forward simulations with all SmartPath Tools.
See the section on each SmartPath Tool for information specific to each SmartPath Tool. For
instructions on how to generate reverse maneuvers see Reverse Maneuvers. The last simulation
generated or placed (See Place Offset Simulation and Place Simulation) in the drawing is the
Active Simulation.
1
2
Select one of the SmartPath Tools to begin generating a turn simulation.

Move the vehicle to the desired start position then click to set the vehicle. This sets the
location of the center of the vehicles front axle. The following dialog displays:
SmartPath Tools - Vehicle Start Angle
Move the mouse in an arc around the front of the vehicle then click to set the Vehicle Start
Angle, or enter the start angle in the SmartPath Tools dialog then click Apply. This sets the
starting angle of the vehicle and its parts. The following dialog displays:
SmartPath Tools - Generate Arc Path
75
SmartPath Tools
Tools
Although the SmartPath Tools dialog displays once the Vehicle Start Angle is set, it is
possible to set the Articulating angles of a multi-part vehicle until the first section of the
simulation is generated.
Note: Perform this step only if a non-zero articulating angle between the vehicle parts is
desired.
a. Click inside the wheelbase of a vehicle part, other than the first part then move the
mouse ahead of the part in an arc to rotate it. When the desired angle is reached, click
to set it. This process can be repeated as many times as desired until the first section of
the simulation is generated.
Setting Articulating angles
b. Optionally, the vehicle can be moved to a new start position (at any time before the first
section is generated) by clicking inside the wheelbase of the vehicles first part, moving
the vehicle to the new start position then clicking to set the new start position. The
Articulating angles will be retained.
5 Set the Speed, Radius Type, and other various SmartPath Tools options depending on the
type of simulation being generated. See SmartPath Tools Options, Generate Corner Path
and Oversteer Corner Path.
6 Move the mouse to the desired endpoint of the section then left click to generate the section.
The simulation can not exceed 6600 feet or 2000 meters.
7 Generate another section by moving the mouse to a new endpoint then left-clicking.
8 Repeat step 7 until the desired maneuver is completed. There can be a maximum of 40
sections in a simulation.
9 Stop generating the simulation and the SmartPath Tool by right clicking.
Note: Click a different SmartPath Tool button in the SmartPath Tools dialog to change the type of
maneuver generated in the next section of the simulation. This functionality allows the simulation
to be comprised of different Maneuver Types.
76
Tools
SmartPath Tools
SmartPath Tool Options:
SmartPath Tools
The various SmartPath Tools options are explained below. See each SmartPath Tool section for
pertinent information about each tool.
Current SmartPath Tool

Highlights which SmartPath Tool is currently being used with a red outline.
Maneuver Type
Indicates which direction and what type of section (forward or reverse) is being generated. A
forward maneuver is indicated by the one of the following depending upon which SmartPath Tool
is active:
Forward Arc Path
Forward Corner Path
Forward Oversteered Path
Forward Steered Path
Reverse Maneuvers are indicated by one of the following depending upon which SmartPath Tool
is active:
Reverse Arc Path
Reverse Corner Path
Reverse Steered Path
See Reverse Maneuvers.
Steering Lock or Reverse Overrides

Indicates whether the vehicles steering specifications or Program Settings Reverse Overrides
are being used while generating the simulation. When a forward simulation is being generated the
vehicles Steering Lock Angle will always be used. When generating a reverse simulation the
Reverse Overrides settings in Program Settings will be used if they are greater than the steering
specifications for the vehicle.
77
SmartPath Tools
Tools
Turn wheels from stop

When this box is not checked, the vehicle is assumed to be starting the maneuver at the speed
entered. The vehicles Lock to lock time and speed are used to create a transition zone in the
generated path. In this zone, the vehicles steering wheels turn at a linear rate until they reach the
angle at which the mouse position can be reached.
When this box is checked, the vehicle is assumed to be starting the section from a complete stop.
This allows the steering wheels to be turned while the vehicle is stopped, allowing the vehicle to
proceed at a constant steering angle to the mouse position. This option is only available in the
Generate Arc Path and Steer A Path SmartPath Tools and only at very slow speeds (6 mph (10
km/h) or less), and should only be used when maneuvering space is at a premium.
Speed
Sets the speed at which the vehicle is traveling. Reverse maneuvers are conducted at 6 mph (10
km/h).
Radius Type
Select the Radius Type from Centerline, Curb to Curb, or Wall to Wall. The radius value will be
displayed for this type.
Radius
Generate Arc Path:
The radius is dynamically updated for the
current speed and radius type selected as
the mouse is moved while generating Arc
Path simulations.
Generate Corner Path:

An edit box is provided to set the desired
radius for the radius type selected.
Note: AutoTURN will not allow a radius to
be set to a smaller value than the
minimum radius capabilities for the current
vehicle at the current speed.
78
Tools
SmartPath Tools
Oversteer Corner Path:

An edit box is provided to set the desired
radius for the radius type selected.
Note: AutoTURN will not allow a radius to
be set to a smaller value than the
minimum radius capabilities for the current
vehicle at the current speed.
Steer A Path:
The minimum centerline turning radius is
displayed for the current speed.
Shrink/Expand
Shrinks the SmartPath Tools dialog to its minimum size to increase the working space in the
drawing area.
SmartPath Tools - Shrunk
Click Expand to return the SmartPath Tools dialog to its full size.
Undo
Deletes the last generated section.
Hint: Alternatively, an undo can be performed by clicking inside the wheelbase of the last vehicle
position generated.
79
SmartPath Tools
Tools
Superelevation
Displays the superelevation (i.e. slope) of the road surface. This value is considered in
determining the minimum turn radius, and is only available at speeds of 10 mph (16 km/h) or
greater. Check the Set box to override the default value.
Lateral Friction
Displays the friction factor between the vehicles tires and the road surface. This value is
considered in determining the minimum turn radius, and is only available at speeds of 10 mph (16
km/h) or greater. Check the Set box to override the default value.
80
Tools
Generate Arc Path
Generate Arc Path

Generates the simplest and most commonly used type of simulation. It generates a path that
follows an arc from the start position to the position of the mouse.
Note: For more information on generating simulations see To Generate a Turn Simulation.
To Generate a Forward Arc Path Simulation:

1
2
3
Click Generate Arc Path.

Set the vehicles start position, angle, and articulating angles if applicable.
The following dialog displays:
SmartPath Tools Forward Arc Path
4 Set the Speed and Radius Type for the current section.
5 (AutoCAD only) Click in the drawing area to begin generating the simulation.
6 The Radius dynamically updates as you move the mouse.
7 Click the desired end position to generate the section.
8 Continue generating sections by clicking end positions or right click to stop using this tool.
See also: Run Animation, Place Vehicle, Turning Report, and Insert Profile.
81
Tools

Generates a turn simulation using an entrance tangent, arc, and exit tangent, with input for the
turn Radius and the amount of turn Sweep. The Sweep can also be set by selecting an existing
element. The tangents can be lengthened or shortened by moving the mouse in the direction of
the tangent.
To Generate a Forward Corner Path Simulation:

1
2
3
Click Generate Corner Path.

SmartPath Tools Forward Corner Path
5
6
7
82
Set the following options for the current section:

a. Enter the Speed.
b. Select the Radius Type.
c. Enter the Corner Radius.
d. Enter the Sweep Angle for the radius,
or
e. Click the Sweep button then pick an element in the drawing area. Note: The sweep
angle is defined as the angle between a line extending through the vehicles direction of
travel and the elements closest point (to the midpoint of the vehicles front axle) to the
elements end point.
(AutoCAD only) Click in the drawing area to begin generating the simulation.
Lengthen or shorten the entrance and exit tangents by moving the mouse closer to and
farther away from the vehicle start position.
Click the desired end position to generate the section.
Tools
The following drawing illustrates a simulation created with Generate Corner Path. This type of
simulation is distinguished by the presence of an Entrance Tangent, Arc, and Exit Tangent.
Forward Corner Path Simulation Example
83
Tools

Generates an over-steered maneuver similar to Generate Corner Path with the goal of having the
body of the vehicles first part and steering tires parallel at the end of the maneuver. Entry and
exit tangent offsets are used to control the amount of oversteer applied to the maneuver.
To Generate a Forward Oversteered Path Simulation:

1
2
3
Click Oversteer Corner Path.

Set the vehicles start position, angle, and articulating angle if applicable.
SmartPath Tools Forward Oversteered Path
5
6
84

a. Enter the Speed.
b. Select the Radius Type.
c. Enter the Corner Radius.
d. Enter the Sweep Angle for the radius,
or
e. Click the Sweep button then pick an element in the drawing area. Note: The sweep
angle is defined as the angle between a line extending through the vehicles direction of
travel and the elements closest point (to the midpoint of the vehicles front axle) to the
elements end point.
f. Enter the Entry and/or Exit Offset(s).
Tools
7
8

Continue generating sections by clicking end positions or right click to stop using this tool.
Notes:
The Entry and Exit Offsets are measured from the body of the vehicles first part perpendicular to
the extents of the vehicle body envelope.
ENTRY OFFSET
Oversteer Corner Path Offset dimensions
85
Steer A Path
Tools
Steer A Path
Provides a means of driving a vehicle along an arbitrary path by moving the mouse in the desired
direction. When the mouse stops moving, the vehicle stops moving. Click to start and stop the
vehicle and/or to go forward or reverse.
To Generate a Forward Steered Path Simulation:

1
2
3
Click Steer A Path.

SmartPath Tools Forward Steered Path
4
5
6
Set the Speed for the current section.

The minimum centerline turning radius for the current speed is displayed.
Click in the drawing area to begin driving the vehicle. The vehicle will move towards the
mouse position to the best of its ability given the current speed. While the mouse is in motion,
the vehicle will be in motion.
8 Repeat steps 6-7 as many times as required to complete the desired simulation or right click
to stop using this tool.
Hint: Click often to generate sections. This will aid in editing the simulation later.
86
Tools
Steer A Path
Forward Steered Path Simulation Path Example
87
Reverse Maneuvers
Tools
Reverse Maneuvers
It is possible to generate reverse maneuvers with the Generate Arc Path, Generate Corner Path
and Steer A Path tools. Reverse Maneuvers are initiated simply by moving the mouse through the
rear axle group while generating simulations.
Reverse Maneuvers are indicated by their reverse SmartPath Tool button and the following
Maneuver Types displayed in the SmartPath Tools dialog:
Reverse Arc Path
Reverse Corner Path
Reverse maneuvers are only possible for vehicles with one or two parts (i.e. articulating
components).
Reverse maneuvers are always performed at 6 mph (10 km/h) with Turn wheels from stop on.
Additionally, the first forward maneuver after a reverse maneuver is also performed at 6 mph (10
km/h) with Turn wheels from stop on. The Speed can be changed in the second section after a
reverse maneuver.
Changing directions to Generate a Reverse Maneuver:

Note: These instructions are generic for creating reverse simulations with all SmartPath Tools
(except for the Steer A Path Tool see Reverse Steered Path). See the section on each Reverse
SmartPath Tool for information specific to each tool.
1
2
3
4
While generating a simulation with a SmartPath Tool (exception see Reverse Steered Path)
move the mouse through the rear axle group of the vehicle.
The vehicle will now be traveling in reverse performing a reverse maneuver type of the
same SmartPath Tool (exception AutoTURN switches to the Reverse Corner Path Tool
automatically when a reverse maneuver is initiated while using the Oversteer Corner Path
Tool).
Click the desired end position to generate the reverse section.
Continue generating reverse sections by clicking end positions or right click to stop using the
tool.
To Resume Forward Motion:

1
2
3
4
88
While generating a simulation with a SmartPath Tool (exception see Reverse Steered
Path), move the mouse through the front axle group of the vehicle.
The vehicle will be traveling forwards.
Click the desired end position to generate the forward section.
Continue generating forward sections by clicking end positions or right click to stop using the
tool.
Tools
Reverse Arc Path
Reverse Arc Path

Generates a reverse section using the simplest type of simulation. It generates a reverse arc path
that follows an arc from the start position to the position of the mouse.
The Reverse Arc Path tool is accessed via the Generate Arc Path SmartPath Tool and initiating a
reverse maneuver.
To Generate a Reverse Arc Path Simulation:

1
2
3
4
Click Generate Arc Path.

Before clicking to begin generating a section, move the mouse through the rear axle group of
the vehicle.
SmartPath Tools Reverse Arc Path
5 Set the Radius Type for the current section.

6 (AutoCAD only) Click in the drawing area to begin generating the simulation.
7 The Radius dynamically updates as you move the mouse.
89
Reverse Corner Path
Tools
Reverse Corner Path

The Reverse Corner Path Tool allows a reverse maneuver to be generated with a tangent-arctangent combination by specifying the desired Sweep angle (via keyboard entry or selecting
drawing elements). The entrance and exit tangents can be lengthened or shortened by moving
the mouse in the direction of the tangent.
AutoTURN switches to the Reverse Corner Path Tool automatically when a reverse maneuver is
initiated while using the Oversteer Corner Path Tool.
The Reverse Corner Path Tool behaves differently for one and two part vehicles:
Generating Reverse Corner Simulations with One Part Vehicles

It is possible to set the Radius Type, Radius, and Sweep angle when generating reverse
simulations with one part vehicles. In addition, the entrance and exit tangents can always be
lengthened or shortened.
Generating Reverse Corner Simulations with Two Part Vehicles

Only the Sweep angle and Tolerance settings are available when generating reverse simulations
with two part vehicles. The Tolerance setting aids maneuvering in close quarters by setting an
articulating angle between the tractor and trailer at the end of the arc portion of the maneuver. By
default, Tolerance is set to the minimum value of 0.1 degrees, which does not affect the
generation of the simulation. Increase the Tolerance value to decrease the amount of space
required to complete a reverse corner section. An exit tangent is not generated when Tolerance is
set to a value greater than 5 degrees. The maximum Tolerance angle is 45 degrees.
To Generate a Reverse Corner Path Simulation with a One Part Vehicle:

1
2
3
4
90

Set the vehicles start position and starting angle.
the vehicle.
Tools
Reverse Corner Path
SmartPath Tools Reverse Corner Path
6
7
8
9

a. Select the Radius Type.
b. Enter the Corner Radius.
c. Enter the Sweep Angle for the radius,
or
d. Click the Sweep button then pick an element in the drawing area.
Notes:
The sweep angle is defined as the angle between a line extending through the vehicles
direction of travel and the elements closest point (to the midpoint of the vehicles front
axle) to the elements end point.
If a sweep angle greater than 160 degrees is entered or picked, a warning message will
display and the sweep angle will be set to 160 degrees.
Continue generating sections by clicking end positions or right click to stop using this tool.
To Generate a Reverse Corner Path Simulation with a Two Part Vehicle:

1
2
3
4

Set the vehicles start position, start angle, and articulating angles.
the vehicle.
91
Reverse Corner Path
Tools
SmartPath Tools Reverse Corner Path
6
7
8

a. Enter the Sweep Angle,
or
b. Click the Sweep button then pick an element in the drawing area.
Notes:
The sweep angle is defined as the angle between a line extending through the vehicles
direction of travel and the elements closest point (to the midpoint of the vehicles front
axle) to the elements end point.
If a sweep angle greater than 160 degrees is entered or picked, a warning message will
display and the sweep angle will be set to 160 degrees.
c. Enter a Tolerance value if maneuvering room is limited.
Lengthen or shorten the entrance tangent by moving the mouse closer to and farther away
from the vehicle start position.
If the Tolerance value is 5 degrees or less, lengthen or shorten the exit tangent. If Tolerance
is 6 degrees or higher, AutoTURN truncates the simulation at the end of the arc portion as in
the following example:
Reverse Corner Path with 45 degree Tolerance Example

The following drawing illustrates a simulation created with the Reverse Corner Path Tool and a
minimum Tolerance setting of 0.1 degrees. The Sweep angle was obtained by clicking the Sweep
button then selecting one of the parking lines.
92
Tools
Reverse Corner Path
Reverse Corner Path Simulation Example
93
Tools

Provides a means of reversing a vehicle along an arbitrary path by moving the mouse in the
desired direction. When the mouse stops moving, the vehicle stops moving. Click to start and
stop the vehicle and/or to go forward or reverse.
To Generate a Reverse Steered Path Simulation:

1
2
3
4
Click Steer A Path.

Move the mouse through the rear axle group of the vehicle.
SmartPath Tools Reverse Steered Path
The minimum centerline turning radius for the vehicle traveling at 6 mph (10 km/h) is
displayed.
6 Click in the drawing area to begin reversing the vehicle. The vehicle will move towards the
mouse position to the best of its ability given the reverse speed. While the mouse is in
motion, the vehicle will be in motion.
8 Repeat steps 6-7 as many times as required to complete the desired simulation or right click
to stop using this tool.
Hint: Click often to generate sections. This will aid in editing the simulation later.
94
Tools
Continue Simulation
Continue Simulation
Continues generating the selected simulation.
To Continue a Simulation
This tool requires an existing simulation.
1
2
3
Click Continue Simulation.

Select the simulation you wish to continue.
The SmartPath Tools dialog box will appear, and the simulation can be continued. See
SmartPath Tools.
SmartPath Tools
Hint: Alternatively, you can continue a simulation by clicking any of the SmartPath Tools
(Generate Arc Path, Generate Corner Path, Oversteer Corner Path, or Steer A Path), then
picking a point inside the wheelbase of the vehicle at the end of the simulation to be continued
(instead of picking a point to pick a start position). The vehicle will be changed to the one used in
the existing simulation.
95
Delete Last Section
Tools
Delete Last Section

Deletes the last section of a picked simulation.
To Delete the Last Section of a simulation

1
2
3
4
5
Click Delete Last Section.

Select the simulation you want the last section deleted from.
If the simulation comprises more than one section, the last section is deleted.
If the simulation is only one section, only the starting vehicle position will remain after deleting
the section.
Continue deleting last sections as desired, ending by right clicking.
Before Deleting
After Deleting
The process of deleting sections can be continued until the last section has been deleted, leaving
only the vehicle in the start position. The Continue Simulation tool can be used to continue when
only the start vehicle remains.
96
Tools
Path Control
Path Control
Path Control is used to make adjustments to existing simulations by moving or adding nodes.
Nodes are the start or end points of the sections in a simulation.
Path Control is intended for making relatively minor adjustments to simulations. For example, if
the vehicle runs too close to an object or runs slightly over a curb line, this tool can be used to
make the necessary correction without having to recreate the simulation; however, for larger
scale changes it is recommended that other editing tools such as Delete Last Section and
Continue Simulation be used.
To use Path Control

1
2
3
4
5
Click Path Control.

Select the simulation you want to edit.
Move the mouse over the simulation. If the pointer is close to a node, the node will be
highlighted with a circle. If the pointer is between nodes, the nodes on either side will be
highlighted with a line joining them.
To move a node, click when that single node is highlighted.
To add a node between two existing nodes, click when the two nodes are highlighted.
Moving a Node
97
Path Control
Tools
Adding a Node
Editing Corner Path Sections

Editing a Corner Path section with the two end nodes highlighted does not add a new node.
Instead, the corners radius may be changed by moving the mouse towards or away from the
center of the arc.
Notes and Limitations
98
Changes are limited by the vehicle's turn limitations and speed.

The vehicle must pass through all original nodes. This may result in large fluctuations if the
vehicle is in continuous motion, traveling faster than a very slow speed, or if the existing
nodes are relatively close together. This may be alleviated to some extent by making
relatively small alternating adjustments to adjacent nodes.
Performance may be sluggish for longer simulations if the editing is being done near the
beginning of the simulation. This is because all the sections after the edit point must be
continuously regenerated as the mouse is moved.
The vehicle angle at the start position is fixed; however, the start position may be moved.
The vehicle angle at the end position of the simulation is not fixed; however, its range of
variation is limited to 60 degrees from its original angle.
Tools

This tool generates a simulation using the current vehicle where an Offset Distance specified by
the user is maintained from a boundary element. The Offset Distance is measured from the
boundary element to the Front Tires Envelope or Rear Tires Envelope of the simulation,
depending on which envelope is closest to the boundary element.
This tool requires existing CAD geometry in the drawing to act as the boundary element. The
geometry may consist of lines and arcs, or a polyline. Lines and arcs can not be combined with
polylines to make up the boundary element.
The simulation will be placed using the current vehicle, settings, and properties. See Vehicles,
Program Settings, and Simulation Properties.
To Place an Offset Simulation

1
Click Place Offset Simulation. The following dialog displays:
2
3
Select the boundary element(s).

Click a blank spot in the drawing area when done selecting line and arc boundary elements.
(If a polyline was selected, the following dialog displays after selecting the polyline.) The
following dialog displays:
4
5
6
Enter the desired Minimum Offset value.

Select the side to offset from the boundary element(s) from the Direction drop down menu.
Click Apply.
99
Tools
Note: If the current vehicle is unable to negotiate the entire maneuver a message will be
displayed to that affect.
The following diagram illustrates a simulation created by using the Place Offset Simulation tool.
The asterisk (*) denotes the Offset Distance between the Front and Rear Tire Envelopes and the
boundary element.
REAR TIRE ENVELOPES
FRONT TIRE ENVELOPES
*
*
* OFFSET DISTANCE
*
BOUNDARY ELEMENT
Place Offset Simulation - example
Notes: Only forward maneuvers are possible using the Place Offset Simulation tool. For reverse
maneuvers see Reverse Maneuvers in SmartPath Tools. The last simulation placed or generated
(See SmartPath Tools) in the drawing is the Active Simulation.
See also: Run Animation, Place Vehicle, Turning Report, Insert Profile and Place Simulation.
100
Tools
Select Active Path
Select Active Path

Sets the current Active Path (i.e. pre-drawn path) or Active Simulation used by AutoTURNs Place
Simulation, Run Animation, Place Vehicle, and Turning Report tools. It is also used to set the
current vehicle from the selected simulation for the Insert Profile tool.
To Set the Active Path

This tool requires an existing pre-drawn path. See Pre-Drawn Paths.
1
2
3
Click Select Active Path.

Select the path element(s):
If the pre-drawn path consists of:
Lines/arcsselect the path elements in the desired direction of travel.

A Complex Chain or B-spline/Polyline or Spline select the path nearer to the start than
the end of the path.
When the path has been selected, a circle will display at the start point of the path and an arrow
symbol will display at the end of the path representing the direction of travel.
To Set the Active Simulation

1
2
Click Select Active Path.

Select a simulation in the drawing.
See also: Place Simulation, Run Animation, Place Vehicle, Turning Report, and Insert Profile.
101
Place Simulation
Tools
Place Simulation
Places a simulation using the current vehicle on the Active Path.
The simulation will be placed using the current vehicle, settings, properties, and Active Path. See
Vehicles, Program Settings, Simulation Properties and Select Active Path.
To Place a Simulation
1
If there isnt an Active Path in the drawing, click Select Active Path.
a. Select the desired path.
2 Click Place Simulation.
Note: If the current vehicle is unable to negotiate the entire maneuver a message will be
displayed to that affect.
Steering and Articulating Angles

If the vehicles steering lock or maximum articulating angle is exceeded at any point along the
path, the simulation will terminate at the point where the angle was exceeded. A message will be
displayed stating that the simulation could not be fully placed. The angle will be displayed in the
simulation.
Angle exceeded
In the event that an angle is exceeded during the course of a simulation, delete the simulation,
increase the radius of the arc where the simulation stopped (or otherwise alter the path), then
pick the path and place the simulation again. It is suggested that turn radii be of at least the
minimum centerline turning radius for the vehicle.
Notes: Only forward maneuvers are possible using the Place Simulation tool. For reverse
maneuvers see Reverse Maneuvers in SmartPath Tools. The last simulation placed or generated
(See SmartPath Tools) in the drawing is the Active Simulation.
See also: Pre-Drawn Paths, Place Offset Simulation, and Recall Simulations.
102
Tools
Run Animation
Run Animation
Runs an animation of the current vehicle on the Active Path or runs an animation of the vehicle
used in the Active Simulation.
This function requires an Active Path or Active Simulation. Run Animation can be used directly
after generating or placing a simulation as the SmartPath Tools, Place Simulation, and Place
Offset Simulation tools set the simulation just created as the Active Simulation.
To Run an Animation
1
If there isnt an Active Path or Active Simulation in the drawing, click Select Active Path.
a. Select the desired path.
2 Click Run Animation.
3 Repeat step 3 as many times as desired to re-run the animation.
Abort the animation by pressing the Esc key.
The Run Animation tool does not produce drawing elements in the drawing file. Any animation
elements left on the screen after an animation is finished can be cleared from the screen by
performing a Redraw in AutoCAD or an Update in MicroStation.
See Program Settings for adjusting the speed of animations and for viewing animations in frameby-frame mode.
Simultaneous Animations
See Recall Simulations for running multiple simultaneous animations.
Looping Animations
See Program Settings -> Display Options: Animation to enable the Loop setting which allows
animations to be run continuously.
103
Place Vehicle
Tools
Place Vehicle
Places plan view representations of the vehicle anywhere along an Active Path or Active
Simulation.
To Place a Vehicle
This function requires that either an Active Path or Active Simulation exist.
1
2
3
4
Click Place Vehicle.

Move the vehicle along the path then click to place.
Repeat step 2 as desired.
Right click to stop using this tool.
Note: This tool can be used as an alternative to the Run Animation tool for visualizing vehicle
movement along a path. Simply move the vehicle backwards and forwards along the path to
visualize the movement, without left clicking. Right click to stop using this tool.
104
Tools
Delete Vehicle
Delete Vehicle
Deletes vehicles in simulations that were placed using the Place Vehicle tool.
To Delete a Vehicle
1
2
3
Click Delete Vehicle.

Pick a vehicle in a simulation to delete, by picking a point inside the wheelbase of any vehicle
part. The vehicles at either end of a path or at a change of orientation cannot be deleted.
Continue deleting vehicles as desired, ending by right clicking.
105
Insert Profile
Tools
Insert Profile
Inserts a dimensioned profile view of a vehicle.
The vehicle used is either the current vehicle, or the vehicle from the current Active Simulation,
whichever is most recent.
Dimensioned Profile
To Insert a Profile Using the Current Vehicle

1
2
3
Select a Vehicle (see Vehicles).

Click Insert Profile.
Click a point in the drawing to place the profile.
To Insert a Profile Using an Existing Simulation

1
2
3
4
Click Select Active Simulation.

Select the simulation for which you want to insert a profile.
Click Insert Profile.
Click a point in the drawing to place the profile.
See Creating a Vehicle Profile for vehicles created from custom types.
106
Tools
Recall Simulations
Recall Simulations
Recalls previously stored simulations by either placing the simulations or running their
animations. You can also Rename simulations to archive them and Delete unwanted simulations.
AutoTURN saves a copy of each simulation to disk whenever a simulation is placed or generated
in a drawing. The simulation is saved in a subfolder of the Output folder or Drawing folder (See
Program Settings - General/Save Simulation). The subfolder has the same name as the drawing.
The number of simulations saved for each drawing is the number displayed in the Store last XX
sims for this file setting. This allows the user the flexibility to store different numbers of
simulations for different drawing files by changing the Store last XX sims for this file setting.
Recall Simulations
To Recall Simulations
1
2
3
4
5
6
Click Recall Simulations.

Select a simulation from the list.
Click Place Simulation within this dialog to place the highlighted simulation in the drawing
OR,
Click Run Animation within this dialog to run an animation of the highlighted simulation.
Repeat steps 2-4 as desired.
Click Close to stop using this tool.
To Rename a Simulation
1
2
3

Click Rename.
107
Recall Simulations
Tools
4 Enter a new name for the simulation (max. 32 characters).

5 Click OK.
Note: Once a simulation is renamed, it will not count towards the total number of saved
simulations for that drawing, i.e., it is now Archived.
To Delete a Simulation
1
2
3
4

Click Delete.
Confirm the deletion by clicking OK or retain the simulation by clicking Cancel.
Making Multiple Selections

Multiple selections can be made from the list of stored simulations by holding the control key
down while making selections.
Any number of simulations can be selected and placed at one time with the Place Simulation
icon.
Animations can be run simultaneously by selecting up to 5 stored simulations from the list and
clicking the Run Animation icon.
108
Tools
Generate Template
Generate Template
30
Generates a turning template of the current vehicle complete with all relevant vehicle and
selected radii dimensions. The template is generated based on settings in Simulation Properties
such as colors and line styles, fills, envelopes, etc. Templates can be generated for any vehicle.
60
OUTSIDE SWEPT PATH
90
INSIDE SWEPT PATH
ft
43
25.
14
3.00 ft
.39
ft
12
20.99 ft
MAX. STEERING ANGLE = 31.5 deg.

11.00 ft
5.00 ft
7.00 ft
15
180
AASHTO 2001 (US)

[ft]
Generated Template
109
Generate Template
Tools
To Generate a Template
1
2
3
Select a Vehicle (see Vehicles).

Choose desired settings in Simulation Properties.
Click Generate Template. The following dialog displays:
Generate Template
Check the boxes for each Sweep angle to generate. Hint: Edit the Sweep angles to desired
values.
5 Select the Radius Type for the template.
6 Select the Radius value for the type selected in Step 5. Hint: To find the minimum radius for
the selected type, enter a very low value then press the Tab key the minimum radius for
that Radius Type will be displayed.
7 Select the type of starting condition: Wheels Straight or Turned. Hint: Choose Straight for the
most common type of template or Turned for a Turn wheels from Stop condition.
8 Select the turn direction.
9 Enter a value for the Exit tangent as measured in vehicle lengths.
10 Select Draw Options for the Center Line, Notes, Arrows and radii dimensions.
11 Click Place.
12 Click a point in the drawing to draw the template.
Note: If the current vehicle is unable negotiate a specific sweep turn, a message is displayed
stating the sweep turn that could not be generated in the template drawing.
110
Tools
Generate Template
Generate Template vs SmartPath Tools

Standard templates published by most jurisdictions consist of simple tangent and arc paths. Rate
of wheel turn is not usually considered. The SmartPath Tools such as Generate Arc Path and
Generate Corner Path take into account the rate the wheel can be turned and incorporate spiral
transition sections into the path. For this reason, the SmartPath Tools cannot be used to create
standard turning templates.
111
Turning Report
Tools
Turning Report
View the vehicles Steering Angle graph as you generate a simulation or a placed simulation.
Alternatively, you can view the Steering Angle graph report or summary report of any simulation
in the drawing.
Turning Report
Place Report
Click this button to place the Report into the current drawing file.
Summary
Click this button to create a text file report, which is saved to disk then displayed on screen using
Notepad (or default text editor).
Note: Simulations created with Place Simulation and Place Offset Simulation are displayed as
one section.
To Set Report Formatting Options

1
2
3
4
112
Click Turning Report

Check the Show Formatting Options box.
Set desired formatting options.
Click Close.
Tools
Turning Report
Report Formatting Options
Turning Report Show Formatting
Show Speed
Checking this option will display the Vehicle speed for the section when the report is placed in the
drawing.
Show Length
Checking this option will display the length of each section when the report is placed in the
drawing.
Show Start Condition

Checking this option will display the start condition for each section when the report is placed.
The start condition is either in motion if Turn wheels from stop was not checked or Stopped if
Turn wheels from stop was checked when the section was generated.
Show Type
Checking this option will display the Maneuver Type for each section when the report is placed.
Horizontal Scale
This option allows the report to be stretched out or shortened to accommodate report labels when
the report is placed in the drawing.
113
Turning Report
Tools
Angle Line
Sets the Line Color and Line Style for the line representing the steering angle.
Outer Box
Sets the Line Color for the outermost line of the report.
Text Labels
Sets the Line Color for the text labels that appear below the report when placed in the drawing.
Origin Circle
Check this option to display and set the Line Color for the circle designating zero (0) degrees.
Grid Lines
Check this option to display and set the Line Color, Line Style, and spacing interval of the
horizontal grid lines.
Section Lines
Check this option to display and set the Line Color and Line Style for the vertical lines designating
change of sections in the simulation.
To View a Report on the fly

1
2
3
4
5
6
Click Turning Report.

Select desired formatting options (See Report Formatting Options).
Select any one of the SmartPath Tools.
Generate a simulation.
Watch as the Turning Report dynamically updates as you move/drive the vehicle through
simulations.
Click Close when finished using this tool.
To View a Report of a placed simulation

1
2
3
4
114
Click Select Active Simulation.

Select a simulation.
Click Turning Report to view the report of the Active Simulation.
Click Close when finished using this tool.
Tools
Tutorials
Tutorials
Play, Record, and Delete tutorials. See Overview for a review of tutorials.
Tutorials
To Play a Tutorial
1
2
3
4
5
6
Click Tutorials.
Select a tutorial from the list.
Click Play.
Follow the dialog prompts to complete the required actions.
The current tutorial closes once the last step is performed.
Click Close to close the Tutorials dialog.
To Record a Tutorial
1
2
3
4
5
6
Open the desired drawing file.

Zoom into the appropriate area where the tutorial will take place.
Click Tutorials.
Click Record.
Enter a name for the tutorial then click Apply.
Type the instruction the user is to follow for the current step. This is the prompt displayed
when the tutorial is played.
7 Click the tool or perform the action described in step 6. The user will be required to use this
tool or click the highlighted point when the tutorial is played.
8 Once a tool or point is clicked, a new prompt screen is displayed. Repeat steps 6-7 until you
have reached the end of the tutorial.
9 Click Stop to end recording.
10 Click Close to close the Tutorials dialog.
115
Tutorials
Tools
Notes
The tutorials file name is created by joining the drawing name and tutorial name with a dash(-)
(i.e., _sample-Example 1.tut).
Describe as accurately and succinctly as possible the sequence of steps for the user to follow the
tutorial. (Try the supplied tutorials to get a better idea of how to phrase the prompts as briefly as
possible.)
Tutorials must contain only one instruction per step.
Every button click the user will have to execute when playing the tutorial must be recorded as a
separate step. This includes OK button clicks needed to close dialog boxes.
Since a drawing file is associated with a tutorial, if the tutorial is to be shared by other users on
the network, both the tutorial and the drawing must be copied to the tutorials folder.
All tutorials located on the server and on the workstation will display in the list of available
tutorials. Tutorials located on the workstation will appear with an asterisk (*) following the name.
To make a user created tutorial available to all users, move the file to the servers tutorials folder.
If the servers tutorials folder is read-only, the tutorial will be protected from modification.
Editing a Tutorial File

The tutorial is an ASCII text file and can be easily edited with Notepad or any other text editor.
The first line in the tutorial is the name of the file to be opened when the tutorial is played. Each
successive section of the file is the next step the user will follow. The section begins with the step
number, contains the tool name required by the user to click, a brief instruction the user is to
follow, and/or a point required by the user to click. The end of a section is designated with the
terminator END.
Below is an excerpt of the Example 1 tutorial:
_sample
1
command:SETTINGS
This tutorial will lead you through the steps to place a simulation in
a drawing. Simply complete the actions outlined in each step.
END
2
command:SETTINGSOK
Select the General category.
Change Path units to ft.
Click OK.
116
Tools
Tutorials
END
.
.
.
10
We are now done selecting elements to add to the path. Pick the
indicated data point (the crosshair) to tell AutoTURN that we are done.
point:156.5573,64.9791
END
11
command:PLACESIMULATION
Notice the circle designating the start point and an arrow indicating
the direction of travel at the end of the Active path.
Click Place Simulation to place the simulation.
This is the last step of this tutorial.
END
117
Help
Tools
Help
AutoTURN Help provides in-depth information on features as well as step-by-step instructions for
specific tasks.
To access Help, click Help on the menu or toolbar.
Context-Sensitive Help
By clicking Help in the lower right corner of a dialog, you can open context-sensitive help for the
current dialog.
118
Customizing AutoTURN
Creating a Vehicle Profile

To make it possible to display a side view, or profile picture of each vehicle in the Vehicle dialog
box, profile drawings must be available to AutoTURN for each vehicle type. Profile drawings are
included with the software for all the supplied vehicle types.
However, if the user creates a custom type, and wishes to be able to do any of the following, then
a vehicle profile drawing must be created:
Enter dimensions for new vehicles created from the custom type into a profile view, as with
the supplied types.
See a profile view of vehicles created from the custom type when selecting a current vehicle.
Use the Insert Profile tool for vehicles created from the new custom type.
Creating a profile drawing is optional, since AutoTURN will automatically display a plan view if no
profile drawing exists. However, the Insert Profile tool requires a profile drawing.
Profile Drawing Name and Location

A vehicle profile is a drawing of the vehicle in side view. For AutoCAD, each profile drawing must
exist as separate elements (i.e. not as a block) in a .dwg file. For MicroStation, each profile must
exist as a single cell in a separate cell library file.
The profile drawing (either the .dwg file or the cell library) must have the same name as the
vehicle type and must be located in the User Types folder.
Profile Layers/Levels
Drawings should be created with the following layer/level setup:
AutoCAD
MicroStation
Description
ATVEHICLE
all lines pertaining to the vehicle
ATDIMS
all dimension lines
ATTEXT
all dimension labels and text
Profile Tags
Profile drawings must contain text elements called tags that tell AutoTURN where particular
vehicle dimensions or other parameters are to be placed. The tags are text strings of 2 or 3
characters that represent the various possible dimensions that can be applied to each vehicle
part, and some that apply to the vehicle as a whole.
For each vehicle part, use the following tags followed by a number indicating the part number:
BF
Body front overhang

121
WB
Wheelbase
BL
Body length
CR
Rear axle to pivot location
WD
Width
TR
Track
For the whole vehicle:

LL
Lock to lock time
SA
Steering lock
AA
Maximum articulating angle
An example of a typical profile drawing for a vehicle with two parts is shown below:
Profile Tags
122
Appendix
Appendix
AutoTURN File Types
AutoTURN File Types

AutoTURN employs the following file types:
Extension
Explanation and Location
typ
Standard vehicle types are stored in the types

folder.
Custom (user-created) vehicle types are stored in
the types user folder.
vcl
Standard vehicles are stored in vehicle group folders

under the Vehicles folder.
Custom (user-created) vehicles are stored in custom
vehicle group folders under the vehicles user folder.
Dwg
Cel
Standard vehicle profiles are stored as the tractor

types and trailer types .dwg (ACAD) and .cel
(MSTN) files in the program folder.
Tutorial drawings used in the tutorials are .dwg and
.cel files.
sim
Simulations are stored as .sim files in drawing folder

names under output or alternatively saved in the
drawings folder. See Program Settings -> General.
tut
Tutorials are stored in the tutorials folder as .tut files.

Custom (user-created) tutorials are recorded to the
tutorials user folder.
ld
Vehicle Load files are saved in the vehicles folders

as .ld files.
Sln
Vehicle Sight Lines are saved in the vehicles folders

as .sln files.
125
Vehicle Library Source Documents
Appendix

This section lists the documents used to derive the dimensions and turn limitations for the
standard design vehicles included in the program.
AASHTO 2001 (US)

English Units
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
2001
AASHTOM 2001 (US)

Metric Units
2001
AASHTO 2004 (US)

English Units
2004
AASHTOM 2004 (US)

Metric Units
2004
126
Appendix
CALTRANS 2005 (US)

English Units
Highway Design Manual
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
st
July 1 , 2004
A summary of the California Vehicle Code Length

CALTRANSM 2005 (US)

Metric Units
Highway Design Manual
st
July 1 , 2004
A summary of the California Vehicle Code Length

ILDOT 2002 (US)

English Units
Bureau of Design & Environment Manual
IL DOT
2002
127
Appendix
AUSTROADS (AU)
Metric Units
AUSTROADS: Design Vehicles and Turning Path Templates
AUSTROADS
1995
Note: AUSTROADS vehicle turn limits are based on the absolute minimum turning radius for
each vehicle, intended for speeds less than 5 km/hr. For speeds greater then 5 km/hr, refer to
the above document for the appropriate turning radius.
AUSTROADS 2006 (AU)

Metric Units
AUSTROADS: Design Vehicles and Turning Path Templates
AUSTROADS
2006
STANDARDS (AU)
Metric Units
AS 2890.2-2002, Revision of AS 2890.1-1993
Standards Australia
2002
CROW (NL)
Metric Units
Recommendations for traffic provisions in build-up areas (ASVV)
C.R.O.W.
First Edition March 1998
CROW 2004 (NL)

Metric Units
AANBEVELINGEN VOOR VERKEERSVOORZIENINGEN BINNEN DE BEBOUWDE KDM
C.R.O.W.
2004
128
Appendix
DANSK (DK)
Metric Units
Byernes trafikarealer Haefte 1 Forudsaetninger for den geometriske udfomning
Danish Road Directorate
1991
FRANCE (FR)
Metric Units
CARACTRISTIQUES GOMTRIQUES DES VHICULES TYPES
Service dtudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes (SETRA)
NEW ZEALAND (NZ)

Metric Units
New Zealand On-Road Tracking Curves
Land Transport Safety Authority
October 1995
RAS-K-EAE (DE)
Metric Units
Richtlinien fr die Anlage von Straen - Teil: Knotenpunkte (RAS - K)
FORSCHUNGSGESELLSCHAFT FR STRASSEN- UND VERKEHRSWESEN
ARBEITSGRUPPE STRASSENENTWURF
Ausgabe 1988
Empfehlungen fr die Anlage von Erschlieungsstraen EAE 85/95

Ausgabe 1985, Ergnzte Fassung 1995
129
FGSV 2001 (DE)

Metric Units
Bemessungsfahrzeuge und Schleppkurven zur berprufng der Befahrbarkeit von
Verkehrsflchen
Ausgabe 2001
ROA (NL)
Metric Units
The Dutch Standard Vehicles for Road Design, The Netherlands
Rijkwaterstaat
1980
TAC-1999 (CA)
Metric Units
Turning Vehicle Templates
The Road and Transportation Association of Canada
Metric Edition - 1998
TIEHALLINTO (FI)
Metric Units
Tasoliittymt
TIEHALLINTO
Helsinki
2001
130
Appendix
Appendix
DETR DB32 (UK)

Residential Roads and Footpaths
Design Bulletin 32
Dept. of Environment, Dept. of Transportation
2nd Edition, April 1992
FTA 98 (UK)
Metric Units
Designing for Deliveries
Freight Transport Association
1998
FTA CUSTOM (UK)

Metric Units
Designing for Deliveries
Freight Transport Association
1998
VAGVERKET (SE)
Metric Units
VU 94 Supplement 2, Publikation 1999:86 & 2002:113
Swedish National Road Administration
VAGVERKET 2004 (SE)

Metric Units
GRUNDVRDEN 2 Motorfordon, VV Publikation 2004:80 ~ 2004-05
Swedish National Road Administration
2004
131
VEGVESEN (NO)
Metric Units
VEG-OG GATEUTFORMING
Statens Vegvesen
1993
VSS 1990 (CH)

Metric Units
Schweizer Norm (SN)
Vereinigung Schweizerischer Strassenfachleute
1990
CSN (CZ)
Metric Units
ODSTAVNE A PARKOVACI PLOCHY SILNICNICH VOZIDEL
CSN
1988
CSN 2005 (CZ)

Metric Units
Vlen kivky pro ovovn prjezdnosti smrovch prvk pozemnch komunikac
Ministerstvo dopravy, odbor pozemnch komunikac
2005
RVS 2005 (AUT)

Metric Units
Richtlinien und Vorschriften fr den Straenbau (RVS)
sterreichische Forschungsgemeinschaft Strae und Verkehr FSV
2005
132
Appendix
Appendix
Minimum Turn Radius
Minimum Turn Radius

The diagram below shows a vehicle with wheels turned to the steering lock position. This results
in the minimum turn radius.
The formula shows how to calculate the steering lock angle for a vehicle, given the minimum
centerline turn radius.
Minimum Turn Radius
WB
Wheelbase
RF
Minimum turn radius (forward)
RR
Minimum turn radius (reverse)
Steering lock angle
Formulas for calculating steering lock angle:

A = arcsin (WB / RF)
Or
A = arctan (WB / RR)
133
License Server Administration Tool
Appendix

The License Server Administration Tool (LicenseServerAdminTool.exe) is provided as a means
for Network Administrators to identify those users currently using Transoft Solutions software
products on their network. The utility also provides the ability to log out any or all current users,
generate usage reports, update the licenses on the License Server, move the License Server,
and add new product licenses.
The License Server Administration Tool is installed to the location specified for the License
Server during the installation. It is recommended that the Network Administrator set executable
rights limited to the Network Administrator on this file.
To Administrate a License:
1
2
Browse to the License Server folder.

Double
click
the
License
Server
Administration
(LicenseServerAdminTool.exe). The following dialog displays:
Tool
executable
Specify License Server
3
4
Specify the License Servers address by entering the License Server computers name or IP
address and communications port number.
Click OK. The following dialog displays:
Select Product License
5
134
Select the desired product license from the drop down list.
Appendix
Click Select. The following dialog displays:
The functions of each of the program buttons are outlined below:
Currently Administrating
Displays the product, version number, and platform for the selected license.
License Information
Displays license information for the selected product license.
Select License
Selects a different license of an installed product to administrate.
135
Appendix
Select Product License
Select the desired product from the drop down list then click Select.
Log Out Users

Logs out selected or all users.
License Server Administration Tool Log Out Users
Log Out Selected

Select the individual users you want to log out, select Log Out Selected, then click OK. The
selected users will be logged out of the Transoft Solutions product they were using.
Log Out All
Click this button to log out all users displayed in the list.
Generate Report
Click this button to generate a User Log Report for the product currently being administered. This
report lists, for each month, all users who used the software, how many times each user logged in
136
Appendix
to the software, and the number of times each user was refused access to the software (i.e.
because the maximum number of users had been reached). If a report shows many "logins
refused" values greater than zero, acquisition of additional program licenses should be
considered.
Upgrade License
Click this button to renew your MAP (Maintenance Assurance Program) or increase the number
of licensed users in a network installation.
Upgrade License
1
2
3
4
5
Contact Transoft Solutions to order an upgrade.

Write down the new Authorization Key.
Enter the New Authorization Key.
Click OK.
Confirm that you want to proceed with the upgrade.
Move License
This process describes how the administrator can move the license information for an installed
product from one License Server to another in a network configuration.
Note: Standalone users see Move Program.
1
2
3
4
Install the License Server on the new computer.

a. Browse to the License Server folder.
b. Double click the License Server Installation file (LicenseServerInstall.exe).
c. Follow the on-screen prompts to install the new License Server.
Start the License Server Administration Tool.
Specify the new License Server IP Address and communications port number.
137
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Appendix
Click Add New.

Enter the License Number and CD Key for the product then click OK.
Write down the Installation Code that appears in the License Information section.
Quit the License Server Administration Tool.
Start the License Server Administration Tool.
Specify the old License Server IP Address, communications port number and product.
Click Move License. The following dialog displays:
Move License
12 Ensure that steps 1-4 have been completed successfully then click Proceed. The following
dialog displays:
138
Appendix
Move License
13 Enter the Installation Code obtained in step 7 then click OK. The following dialog displays:
Move License
14 Click OK to confirm that you want to move the product license to another License Server and
disable the product license on this License Server. The following dialog displays:
Move License
15 Click OK.
16 The product license information has now been removed from this License Server. The
NewCode.txt file contains the information required to complete the process of moving the
product license to the new License Server.
17 Quit the License Server Administration Tool.
18 Start the License Server Administration Tool.
139
Appendix
19 Specify the new License Server IP Address, communications port number and new product.
20 Verify that the Installation Code in License Information matches the Installation Code in
NewCode.txt.
21 Click Enter Authorization Key.
22 Enter the Authorization Key given in NewCode.txt
23 Click Authorize.
For each client that needs to access the new License Server:
1
Create an ASCII text file named configc.cfg containing the following two lines:
SERVERNAME=10.0.0.70
SERVERPORT=27080
Notes:
This is the information used to specify the License Server when starting the License Server
Administration Tool.
SERVERNAME is the new License Server's IP Address or computer name.
SERVERPORT is the new License Server's Communications Port.
2 Place the file in the Workstation folder on each client workstation.
The product will now be able to communicate with the License Server when the product is next
loaded at each workstation.
To change the workstation installer to use the new License Server:

1
2
3
Browse to the Workstation folder in the AutoTURN Program Files folder.

Open the tsInstall.XML file with a text editor.
Change the server and port entries to point to the new License Server.
Delete License
Deletes the license information for the selected product license.
To Add a New Product License

This process describes how the administrator can add a license for a new product to the available
licenses on the License Server. This process does not install the software product it only adds
the license information to the License Server.
1
2
140

Double
click
the
License
Server
Administration
(LicenseServerAdminTool.exe). The following dialog displays:
Tool
executable
Appendix
Specify License Server
Specify the License Servers computer name or IP address and communications port
number. The following dialog displays:
Add New Product License
Click Add New. The following dialog displays:
Add New Enter CD Key
5
6
Enter the License Number and CD Key that came with your new software package then click
OK.
The License Server Administration Tool dialog buttons reflect the unauthorized state of the
new product license:
141
Appendix
New Product License added
To Authorize a New Product License

Note: This process requires the existence of an unauthorized product license such as from
performing the Add a New Product License procedure. The Enter Authorization Key and Request
Authorization Key buttons display only for product licenses that have not been authorized yet.
1
142
If you are connected to the internet click Request Authorization Key (preferred method). The
following dialog displays:
Appendix
Request Authorization Key
2
3
4
5
6
7
Please note that if you are behind a firewall, you will need to configure it to allow the License
Server Administration Tool to have access to the internet.
Click Request Authorization.
You will be directed to a web page where you are required to fill in contact information to
request an Authorization Key.
Click Submit. An email containing the Authorization Key will be sent to the email address you
supplied.
Alternatively, you can contact Transoft Solutions via phone or email with the Installation Code
displayed in this dialog to receive your Authorization Key.
When you have received the Authorization Key, Click Enter Authorization Key in the main
License Server Administration Tool dialog. The following dialog displays:
Enter Authorization Key
8
9
Enter the Authorization Key.

Click Authorize.
143
Glossary
Glossary
Articulating Angle
This is the angle between adjacent vehicle parts, such as between the tractor and trailer of a
semitrailer vehicle type. See Reverse Overrides in Program Settings/General and To Generate a
Turn Simulation in SmartPath Tools.
Constant pursuit
An approximate numerical method used to calculate the positions and orientations of the body of
a vehicle and any trailing articulating components as it moves forward, given a starting position
and the path to be followed by the vehicles front axle.
Design Vehicle
This is a set of dimensions for a common vehicle which defines a standard used by a particular
jurisdiction for typical road design conditions.
Envelopes
Envelopes refer to the lines traced out by the selected vehicle elements, the vehicle load, or
clearances from these elements. See Swept Path and Tire Tracks.
Lock To Lock Time

Is the time in seconds that an average driver would take under normal driving conditions to turn
the steering wheel of a vehicle from the lock position on one side, to the lock position on the other
side.
Maneuver
A maneuver is a single section in a turn simulation. Section and Maneuver are synonymous.
Maximum Articulating Angle

Is the maximum angle that can occur between adjacent vehicle parts, such as between the tractor
and trailer of a semitrailer. This angle is zero degrees when the parts are aligned. See Reverse
Overrides in Program Settings/General.
Minimum Centerline Turning Radius

The radius of the arc formed by a vehicle with its steering wheels at the steering lock position.
This circle passes through the center of the front (steering) axle for forward maneuvers.
147
Glossary
Minimum Curb to Curb Turning Radius

The radius of the arc formed by the wheel farthest from the center of the vehicle turn at its
maximum steering lock angle.
Minimum Wall to Wall Turning Radius

The radius of the arc formed by the side of the vehicle farthest from the center of the vehicle turn
at its maximum steering lock angle.
Nodes
Nodes are the start or end points of the sections in a simulation.
Part
Refers to the parts in a vehicle type there can be a maximum of 20 parts in a vehicle type. Each
part of a vehicle type can be thought of as a vehicle section that contains one articulation point or
pivot. For example, a semitrailer type has two parts (one for the tractor and one for the trailer)
while a full trailer type has three parts (one for the tractor, and two for the trailer because the front
axle of the trailer articulates).
Pre-drawn Path
The vehicle path is drawn in the CAD Platform (AutoCAD or MicroStation) using the CAD
Platforms drawing tools. This path defines a known, or best guess of the path that will be
followed by the center of the front axle of the current vehicle.
Prorated
This term is used in the Vehicle Information dialog. It means that the source publication's vehicle
dimensions have been adjusted by applying a prorating factor. The prorating factor is the
approximate percentage of the total vehicle length over the total length of the vehicle
components. In addition, the prorated vehicle (components) dimensions have been adjusted to
favor the vehicle wheelbase length.
Section
A section is a single maneuver in a turn simulation. Section and Maneuver are synonymous.
Steering Lock Angle

Is the maximum angle the steering wheels can be turned. It is defined as the average of the
angles made by the left and right steering wheels with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle when
the wheels are turned to their maximum angle.
148
Glossary
Superelevation
Is the angle, or bank of a road surface. It is expressed as a slope. For example, a superelevation
of 0.01 is a one-percent slope, which rises 1 unit for every 100 units of horizontal distance.
Swept Path
The swept path of a vehicle is the envelope swept out by the sides of the vehicle body, or any
other part of the structure of the vehicle. A swept path determines whether the vehicle will make
contact with vertical obstructions. Create a swept path simulation by selecting the Vehicle body
envelope in Simulation Properties.
Tire Tracks
A vehicles tire tracks are the paths taken by the front and rear most tires. Create a tire track
simulation by selecting Front Tires and Rear Tires envelopes in Simulation Properties.
Track
The track of a vehicle is defined as the distance between the outside edges of the outermost tires
on the left and right sides.
Turn Simulation
A turn simulation consists of a connected series of one or more vehicle maneuvers. The
simulation comprises the path, the vehicle and the tire track or vehicle body envelopes.
User-defined vehicle
A set of dimensions for a common or user-created vehicle.
Width
The width of a vehicle is defined as the distance between adjacent sides.
149
Index
Index
A
Acceleration 13
Active Path 102, 103, 104
selecting 101
Active Paths 14
Active Simulation 15, 103, 104
Add a Load 71
Add Sight Lines 73
Animation Settings
Animation speed 48
Draw envelopes 49
Draw tires 49
Frame by frame 48
Animations
Looping 49, 103
Running 103
Simultaneous 108
Articulate 70
Articulating angles 47, 49, 68, 76, 102
Authorizing AutoTURN 30
AutoTURN Configuration Utility 32
AutoTURN menu 45
AutoTURN Toolbar 45
B
Base point 73
Base width 73
Beam angle 73
Beam length 73
C
Changing directions 88
Clearance Envelope 57, 58
Complex Chains 11
Context-Sensitive Help 118

Continue Simulation 95
Copying Vehicles 62
Creating Loads 71
Creating Sight Lines 72
Creating Simulations 75
Creating Tutorials 115
Creating Vehicle Profiles 121
Creating Vehicles 61
Current Vehicle 14, 60, 62, 68, 71, 72, 75, 99,
101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 121
Custom Types
Creating 65
Deleting 67
Editing 67
D
Delete Last Section 96
Delete Vehicle 105
Deleting Loads 70
Deleting Placed Vehicles 104
Deleting Sight Lines 72
Deleting Vehicles 70
E
Editing a Simulation 97
Editing a Tutorial 116
Envelopes 56
Clearance 57
Front Tires 56, 99
Load 57
Rear Tires 56, 99
Vehicle body 57
Expand 79
F
Folders and Permissions 25
Front Tires Envelope 56, 99
G
Generate Arc Path 78, 81, 88, 89, 95, 111
151
Index
Generate Corner Path 78, 82, 84, 88, 95, 111

Generate Template 109
Generating Simulations 75
H
Help 118
I
Insert Profile 106
Installation 21
N
Network Configuration Types 26
Network Usage. Monitoring 27
O
Offset Distance 99
Output files 25
Oversteer Corner Path 79, 84, 88, 90, 95
Overview 9
P
L
Lateral Friction 17, 80
License
moving 137
Upgrading 40
License Server 27, 32, 33, 50, 134, 140
License Server Administration Tool 27, 134
License Server files 25
Load 57
Load Envelope 57
Loads
Adding 71
Applying 72
Creating 71
Deleting 70
Loop 49, 103
M
Maneuver Type 76, 77
Maneuver Types 88
Max Width 57
Menu 45
Minimum Turn Radius 12, 17, 65, 79, 80, 86, 94,
102, 133
Monitoring the Number of Network Users 27
Move Program 37
Multiple Selections 108
152
part 13, 16, 66, 75, 76, 88, 122, 147, 148
Path Control 97
Permissions 37, 40, 50, 51, 52, 60, 61, 62, 65,
67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
Place Offset Simulation 99
Place Simulation 102, 107
Place Vehicle 104
Platform Requirements 11
Play a Tutorial 115
Polylines 11
Pre-Drawn Paths 18
Profile
Inserting 106
Profile Tags 121
Program
Uninstalling 42
Program files 23, 24, 25, 26, 32, 33
Program Limitations 12
Program Settings 47
R
radius 12, 13, 17, 65, 78, 79, 80, 98, 102, 133
Radius 65, 78, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 91, 110
Radius Type 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 91, 110
Rear Tires Envelope 56, 99
Recall Simulations 107
Record a Tutorial 115
Rename a Simulation 107
Report 112
Viewing 112
Index
Viewing of an existing simulation 114

Viewing on the fly 114
Required Folders 24, 33
Reset 34
Reverse Corner Path 90
Reverse Maneuvers 18, 75, 77, 88
Reverse Overrides 47, 77
Reverse Steered Path 94
Run Animation 103, 107
Run from Server 26, 27, 36
Run from Workstation 26, 27, 35
S
Sections
Deleting 96
Select Active Path 101
Selections
Multiple 108
Server
Run from Configuration Type 26
Shrink 79
Sight Lines
Adding 73
Applying 74
Base point 73
Base width 73
Beam angle 73
Beam length 73
Creating 72
Deleting 72
Sweep angle 73
Simulation Properties 54
Simulation Type 77
Simulations
Animating 103, 107
Archiving 108
Continuing 95
Deleting 108
Editing 97
Generating 75
Placing 102, 107
Recalling 107
Renaming 107
SmartPath Tools 17, 75
Expand 79
Shrink 79
Undo 79
speed 11, 12, 13, 17, 48, 49, 78, 79, 80, 98, 103
Speed 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 86, 88
Show, in Report 113
Standard Design Vehicles 11, 12, 13, 17, 60, 70,
126
Starting AutoTURN 28, 29
Steer A Path 49, 79, 86, 88, 95
Steering Angles 102
Steering Linkages 68
Steering lock 47, 68, 77, 102, 133
Steering Lock
Calculating 65
Steering Wheel Turn Rate 17
Superelevation 17, 80
Sweep 82, 84, 90, 91, 92, 110
Sweep angle 73
Swept Path 57
T
Templates
Generating 109, 110
vs SmartPath Tools 111
Tolerance 90, 92
Toolbar 45
Turn limitations 11, 12, 13, 98
Turn Limitations 126
Turn Radius 133
Turn Rate 17
Turn Speeds 12
Turn wheels from stop 78
Turning Report 112
Turning Template 109, 111
Turning Templates 13
Tutorials 115
Editing 116
Playing 115
Recording 115
Types
Creating 65
Deleting 67
Editing 67
153
Index
Envelopes 56
U
Undo 79
Uninstalling AutoTURN 42
Unusual Conditions 12
Upgrade License 40
Using AutoTURN 43
V
Vehicle body Envelope 57, 58
Vehicle dimensions 11
Vehicle Profile
Creating 121
Vehicle Start Angle 75
Vehicle Start Position
Setting 75
Vehicles 60
Articulate 70
Copying 62
Creating 61
Creating Custom Types 65
Current 14, 60, 62, 68, 71, 72, 75, 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 109, 121
Deleting 70
Deleting placed vehicles 105
Group 60
Loads 71
Parts View 68
Placing 104
Reversing 88
Setting Current Vehicle 60
Sight Lines 72
Standard 11, 12, 13, 17, 60, 70, 126
Steering Linkages 68
Vehicles and Types 16
W
Workstation 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 50, 116, 140
Configuring 27
Run from Configuration Type 26
Workstation folder 25, 27, 33, 34, 140
154

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Users Guide

Transoft Solutions, Inc.

Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation .................................................................................. 29

Reverse Maneuvers .......................................................................................................... 88

DANSK (DK) ............................................................................................................. 129

Use of Design Guidelines

Interpretation of Program Results

Turn Speeds and Minimum Turning Radii

Tight Maneuvers with Standard Vehicles

Active Paths and Simulations

Active Paths and Simulations

Active Paths and Simulations

Vehicles and Types

Vehicles and Types

The number of parts (maximum of 20)

The dimensions of each part

Speed, Lateral Friction and Superelevation

Steering Wheel Turn Rate

General Installation Notes

General Installation Notes

Installing AutoTURN 5.1

Migrating from AutoTURN 4

Transferring User Created Content

Installing on a Standalone Computer

Installing on a Standalone Computer

To install AutoTURN from CD

Insert the AutoTURN CD into the computers CD-ROM drive.

Folders and Permissions

Network Configuration Types

Run from Server

Setting up the Server:

Insert the AutoTURN CD into the servers CD-ROM drive.

Configuring the Workstations:

Monitoring the Number of Network Users

Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD

Starting AutoTURN in AutoCAD

Double-click the AutoTURN for AutoCAD desktop icon, OR

Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation

Starting AutoTURN in MicroStation

Click Utilities, MDL Applications from the MicroStation main menu.

To Bypass the Authorization process

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

AutoTURN Configuration Utility Standalone Installation

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

MicroStation Cell Libraries

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

Example Run from Workstation Network Configuration

AutoTURN Configuration Utility

Example Run from Server Network Configuration

To move AutoTURN from one Standalone computer to another:

Go to the computer you are moving the program from.

Select the Licensing category. The following dialog displays:

Program Settings Licensing tab

Move Program Enter New Installation Code

Move Program Confirmation Dialog

Move Program New Authorization Code

To Upgrade your License

Contact Transoft Solutions to order an upgrade.

Program Settings Licensing tab

Click Upgrade License. The following dialog displays:

Enter the new Authorization Key.