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‫‪Ö†bä©a@óÜÇ@ÐÔÛa@À@ï¾bÈÛa@ïŽbîÔÛa@áÓ‹Ûa@áîĐ¥‬‬

‫‪@ïÛìĐÛa@ÐÔÛa@À@ï—ƒ“Ûa@ï¾bÈÛa@ïŽbîÔÛa@éàÓŠ@áîĐzni@@@@Robie Maddison @ @ïÛaŽüa@ÒŒba@âbÓ@‘Šbß31@À‬‬

‫‪@ò—äß@¶g@Ý—í@sîy@òÇŠbnß@ò׋¨a@bèîÏ@æìØm@òÜy‹ß@‡Èi@@NæŠìjÜîß@òäí‡ß@À@Honda CR 500 òíŠbäÛa@énuaŠ†@@òЎaìi‬‬
‫‪@ @N@@@@107 m @bça‡ß@@HÞbjÔnŽüa@ò—äßI@‹‚Ła@kãb§a@¶g@ñÐÓ@@väîÛ@160Km.h-1 @òÇ‹i@ÖýĐãüa‬‬

‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ) ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪(1‬‬

‫
 ا
ق‬ ‫
 ا ل‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ا
‪1‬‬
‫
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ )‪(A,B‬‬
‫
ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ )‪(B,C‬‬
‫
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ) ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪C‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯﻑ ‪ +‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ( ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ G‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ‪ OC =ED =h :‬ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﺔ ‪ g = 8,81m.s-2‬ﻭ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ m = 180 Kg‬ﻭ ‪. BC = L = 7,86 m‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :@òÇŠbn¾a@òÜy‹¾a (1‬ﻧﻌﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ@ ﻭﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻜﹼﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ(‬
‫ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ‪ τ = 0,08s :‬ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G0‬ﺃﺻﻼ ﻟﻸﻓﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻭﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﻼ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫) ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ G0‬ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪( A‬‬
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‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪ (11‬ﺃﻋﻂ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ V2‬ﻭ ‪ V4‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ‪ G‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ G2‬ﻭ ‪ G4‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r r‬‬
‫‪ (12‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪∆V3 = V4 − V2‬‬
‫) ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ‪( 1cm ↔ 2m.s −1‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ (13‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ‪ 4‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ G3‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (14‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (114‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ (214‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ‪(13‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ (314‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﻲ ‪160Km.h-1‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ B‬ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ VB = 160Km.h-1‬ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. C‬ﻧﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ α = 27°‬ﻭﻧﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ B‬ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ (21‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ m‬ﻭ‪ g‬ﻭ‪) V‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ (ﻭ‪ Z‬ﺃﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪t‬‬
‫‪ (22‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪ C‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ m‬ﻭ‪ g‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ BC‬ﻭ‪α‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (32‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻐﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪. C‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ C‬ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪. V0= 160Km.h-1‬ﻧﻌﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (13‬ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ‪G‬‬
‫)‪ X(t‬ﻭ )‪z(t‬‬
‫‪ (23‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫‪: z(x) = -‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪. x² + (tanα) . x + h‬‬
‫‪2.v .cos ²α‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪ (33‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ‪ D‬ﻋﻦ ‪ C‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯﻑ ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ‪.‬‬
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‫ل ا‬%& G ‫

 "ف‬#‫ا‬d
 ‫ر ا‬
3
‫ا‬
d (m)
@@
@@ 25
0

@@ 20
0
@@ 15
@@ 0

10
@@ 0

@@ 5
0
@@ 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
@@ 0
t
(s)
@@
@@
@@
‫ ر 
آ ر ا
ارو‬:2
‫ا‬
‫
ا‬
@@ v (m.s-1)
60
@@
@@
50

@@ 40

@@ 30
@@
20

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t (s)
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‫

‬
‫‪@ @òÇŠbn¾a@òÜy‹¾a@(1‬‬
‫‪ (11‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪G5‬‬

‫‪G1G3 G1G3‬‬ ‫‪6,4 × 2‬‬

‫= ‪v2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ‪ 1cm ↔ 2m‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ‪= 8,0m.s −1‬‬
‫‪t3 − t1‬‬ ‫‪2τ‬‬ ‫‪2 × 0,800‬‬
‫‪GG‬‬ ‫‪GG‬‬ ‫‪12,8 × 2‬‬
‫= ‪v4 = 3 5 = 3 5‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪= 16,0m.s −1 :‬‬
‫‪t5 − t3‬‬ ‫‪2τ‬‬ ‫‪2 × 0,800‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪v4‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪8,0 × 1/2 = 4,0 cm‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ‪ v 2‬ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪16,0 × 1/2 = 8,0 cm‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ‪ v 4‬ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪∆v 3 = v 4 – v 2‬‬ ‫‪ (13‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ) ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ(‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪−v 2‬‬
‫‪d v3 ∆v3 ∆v3 4,0 × 2‬‬
‫‪G4‬‬

‫= ‪a3‬‬ ‫≈‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ‪= 5,0m.s − 2 : :‬‬

‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪∆t‬‬ ‫‪2τ 2 × 0,800‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ‪ ∆v 3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ‪ 4 cm‬ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪1 cm ⇔ 2 m.s‬‬
‫‪v4‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ ‪∆v3 = 4,0 × 2‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪∆v 3‬‬ ‫‪(14‬‬
‫‪ (114‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ‪ :‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫)‪d(k.t‬‬ ‫‪dv‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪= k = Cte‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫= ‪ a‬ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪v = kt‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪ (214‬ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪G3‬‬

‫‪50 − 0‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪= 5,0 m.s-2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﺎﻥ )‪ (50 ; 10‬و )‪(0 ; 0‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪10 − 0‬‬
‫‪v2‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ) ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ‪((13‬‬
‫‪ (314‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ :‬ﻧﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‪160 km.h-1 = (160/3,6) = 44,4 m.s-1‬‬
‫‪G2‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﺔ(‬
‫‪G0 G1‬‬
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‫@‪ÖýĐãüa@ò—äß@†ìÈ–@òÜy‹ß@H2‬‬
‫‪EM = EC + EPP = ½.m.v² + m.g.z‬‬ ‫‪ (21‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ )‪ (O ;Z‬ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ Em‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫‪ (22‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ‪ A‬ﻭ‪ C‬ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫) ‪∆E pp = E pp (C ) − E pp ( B ) = −WB →C ( P‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪WB →C ( P ) = −mg.BC. sin α = −180.9,81.7,86. sin(27) = −6,3.10 3‬‬
‫‪⇒ ∆E pp = +6,3.10 3 J‬‬
‫‪ (32‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻮﺏ ‪ ) z‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ( ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯﻑ ﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﺰﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ (31 (3‬ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻮﺯﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪∑ Fi = maG = P‬‬
‫‪r a = 0‬‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪a x‬‬ ‫)‪(O,z,x‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫‪a z = −g‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪dv‬‬
‫‪a = x =0‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪v x (0) = v 0 .cos α = Cte1‬‬ ‫‪r v = Cte1‬‬ ‫‪r  x‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪r dv‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪v x‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫=‪a‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪v z (0) = v 0 .sin α = 0 + Cte2‬‬ ‫‪v z = −g.t + Cte2‬‬ ‫= ‪a‬‬ ‫‪dv‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪= −g‬‬
‫‪ z‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
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‫‪r  v = v 0 .cos α‬‬
‫‪v x‬‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v z = −g.t + v 0 .sin α‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪dx‬‬
‫‪uuur  x = ( v 0 .cos α.) t + Cte '1‬‬ ‫= ‪v‬‬ ‫‪= v 0 .cos α‬‬ ‫‪uuur‬‬
‫‪r  x dt‬‬ ‫‪r dOG‬‬
‫‪OG ‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫=‪v‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪z = − g.t² + ( v 0 .sin α ) .t + Cte ' 2‬‬ ‫‪v = dz = −g.t + v .sin α‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ z dt‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪uuur  x(t) = ( v 0 .cos α ) .t‬‬ ‫‪ x(0) = 0 = Cte '1‬‬

‫‪OG ‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ z(t) = − g.t² + ( v 0 .sin α ) t + h‬‬ ‫‪ z(0) = h = Cte ' 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ (32‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ )‪ x(t‬ﻭ )‪ z(t‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬
‫=‪t‬‬ ‫‪⇒ z(x) = − g ‬‬ ‫‪ + ( v 0 .sin α ) . ‬‬ ‫=‪+h‬‬ ‫–‬ ‫‪.x²‬‬ ‫‪+ (tanα).x + h‬‬
‫‪v 0 .cos α‬‬ ‫‪2  v 0 .cos α ‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪.cos‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.v 02 .cos ²α‬‬

‫‪ (33‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ‪ zD = h‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ C‬ﻭ ‪ D‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻓﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ D‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪g.xD‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫–‬ ‫‪.xD²‬‬ ‫‪+ (tanα).xD + h = h ⇔ xD.  tan α −‬‬ ‫=‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2.v 20 .cos ²α‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.v 02 .cos2 α ‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ) ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ‪( x =0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪g.xD‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ tan α −‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫=‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.v‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.cos‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪sin α‬‬
‫‪2.v 02 .‬‬ ‫‪.cos2 α‬‬
‫‪2.v 02 .tan α.cos2 α‬‬ ‫‪cos α‬‬ ‫‪2.v 02 .sin α.cos α‬‬
‫= ‪xD‬‬ ‫= ‪; xD‬‬ ‫= ‪; xD‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪sin(a+b) = sin a . cos b + cos a . sin b, donc 2 sin α . cos α = sin 2α :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 160 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫) ‪ × sin (2 × 27‬‬
‫‪v 0 .sin(2α )  3,6 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫= ‪: xD‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1,6 × 102 m .‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪9,81‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯﻑ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪elghzizal@live.fr‬‬
‫‪h_elghzizal@hotmail.com‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﺍ ) ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﻃﻨﺠﺔ(‬