Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

BTQS2023
Measurement of Plumbing and
Electrical Services
Lecture 4

Soil and Waste

Plumbing System

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Understanding Your Soil and Waste

Plumbing System

Soil and Waste Plumbing pipes carry waste and water out of the house.
These pipes must be installed according to precise specifications.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Soil water

Waste water

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Soil and Waste Pipes

The centerpiece of a Soil and Waste Plumbing system is the main stack,
usually a pipe 75mm or 100 mm in diameter that runs straight up through
the roof.
A secondary stack, perhaps 50mm or 75mm inches in diameter, serves a
branch of the system.

Branch Soil and Waste Pipes of smaller diameter -- typically 38mm or

50mm -- carry water from specific fixtures to a stack.

Older Design
Pipes are made of cast iron, which rusts through after 80 years or so.
The branch drains typically are made of galvanized steel, which is much
more likely to rust and corrode.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

cast iron

galvanized steel,

Modern Design
In newer homes plastic pipe is used for stacks and branch drains.
Plastic pipes, or more accurately, thermoplastic pipes, have been in use in
plumbing applications since the late 1970s. One of the distinct advantages
of thermoplastic is that it does not corrode over time.
There are currently several thermoplastics that are being used for
plumbing applications. The most common are ABS, HDPE, PVC and PPR.
The main difference between the two is the method of jointing.
ABS pipes material uses bonding agents such as ABS Solvent Cement, while
PVC pipes uses heat such as HDPE Butt/Electro Fusion.
PVC, HDPE, PP (PPR, PPH) are Commodity Plastics, while
ABS and PET are classified as Engineering Plastics.
PVC, HDPE and PPR pipes are cheaper than ABS because of
the difference in performances.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

ABS pipes

Since the 1970s ABS has generally been replaced by white- or creamcolor PVC pipe.

PVC
In rare cases Soil and Waste Pipes are made of copper.

copper

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Correct Slope for Soil and Waste Pipes

In most cases Soil and Waste Pipes must slope

at least 6mm at every 300mm length (for gravity
natural flow) i.e. about inch at every foot
long.

Soil and Waste Pipes

must be sloped, 6mm
at every 300mm
length, so water can
run freely through
them.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

The soil and waste pipes for each plumbing fixture must be connected to
a vent that supplies the pipe with air from the outside.
In some cases the soil and waste pipe is connected directly to a main or
secondary stack pipe, which travels straight up through the roof.
The soil and waste pipe is connected to vent pipe that reaches up and over
to roof in the main vent stack.
The main purpose of venting in a plumbing
system is to allow the free movement of air in
the drainage pipes, which protects the water
seal of the fixture traps from siphonage. The
roof vent termination is therefore a critical
component and should be installed to some
specific guidelines that can be found in your
local code.

The system of pipes that carries water and waste to a sewer line or septic
tank is call the main stack or drainpipes . As the name implies, it has three
components: Drain lines collect water from sinks, showers, and tubs; waste
lines carry waste from toilets; and vent lines exhaust sewer gases and allow
wastes to flow freely.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Soil and Waste Plumbing System Diagram

All drain and waste lines slope slightly downward from the fixture
toward the sewer or septic system. Water and wastes are carried by
gravity.

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Soil and Waste Plumbing

Materials
PVC
(polyvinyl
chloride)

Points to Consider

Available in 10' and 20' lengths

Pipes used for Soil and Waste Plumbing are 1" or larger
Join with primer and solvent cement or mechanical
couplings

ABS

Used in residential and commercial sanitary systems

Strong, light and easy to cut
Joins with solvent cement
Transition fittings allow for connections to steel, copper or
cast iron
Joins with plastic grip or metal crimp fittings

Cast Iron

Strong and durable

Easily joins to plastic pipe with transition fittings
Hubless pipe is joined with a shielded no hub coupling
Hub-and-spigot cast iron pipes should be installed by
professionals

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The system to be adopted will depend on the type and design of the building in
which it is to be installed and will be one of the following:
STACK SYSTEMS
This is the name given to a simplified system, There is no ventilation pipes. The
stack itself is made to provide for all vent requirements by restricting the flow into
the stack to certain predetermined limits.
A stack is a pipeline for main vertical discharge, extending more than one storey
in height, and where all fixtures connected to it require a trap.

1.0

Single Stack System

(Standard Installation)
- In this mixed system, the
pipe discharges all waste
water from appliances (e.g.
soil and waste appliances)
such as water closets,
urinals, bath tubs, wash
basins, kitchen sinks, etc.).

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE MAIN SEWER OR

TO SEPTIC TANK OF ADEQUATE SIZE.
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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

2.0 Divided Stack System (Individual Installation) - In this divided system there
are two (or more) separate stacks:

CONNECTED SEPARATELY TO SEPTIC TANKS

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

i)

The soil stack conveys discharges from water closets, urinals and similar
soil appliances directly to the septic tank OR main sewer.

ii) The waste stack conveys wastes from ablutionary (washing, washing-off)
and culinary appliances (food), such as wash basins, bath tubs, kitchen
sinks, shower trays, etc., either to a drainage system or to manholes.

EXAMPLE OF TYPICAL TWO-PIPE STACKS SYSTEM

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

STANDARD DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Typical standards measurement for soil and waste pipes systems

for W.C., floor traps and washbasin

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

Typical standards measurement for soil and waste pipes systems

for washing machine

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

The example of typical

Bills of Quantities
For
Sanitary Plumbing
(Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

ITEM

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

RATE

RM

SEN

MANHOLES
The Following In 9 Nos. Precast Manholes
Excavate commencing from formation level, get
out, part return, fill in and ram, deposit and
spread in making up levels where directed within
the site and remainder load and cart away to
Contractor's own dump :-

Pit for manhole not exceeding 1.50m deep

Ditto exceeding 1.50m and not exceeding 3.00m

do

34

m3

16

m3

23

m2

23

m2

____________________
E

225mm Bed of hardcore as described spread,

levelled, blinded, watered, well rammed and
consolidated under bed (measured separately)

225mm Vibrated reinforced concrete (Grade 20

- 20mm aggregate) as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement
(formwork and steel measured separately) in
bed

To Collection :

RM

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

ITEM

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

RATE

RM

SEN

MANHOLES (Cont'd)
The Following In 9 Nos. Precast Manholes
(Cont'd)
A

Layer of steel fabric reinforcement to B.R.C.

Ref. No. A6 as described well lapped at joints
including notching around all obstructions
(measured nett - no allowance for laps) and
embedded in bed (measured separately)

Sawn formwork as described to edges of

concrete exceeding 200mm and not exceeding
300mm high

23

m2

102

88

m2

18

No.

____________________
C

150mm Mass concrete (Grade 20 - 20mm

aggregate) as described filled into formwork and
well packed in surround to 1200mm (internal)
diameter precast reinfoced manhole (measured
separately)
Extra for one ring arch over 225mm diameter
pipe
300mm (average) Concrete (Grade 20 - 20mm
aggregate) as described benching to bottom of
manhole, finished to falls with and including
20mm thick high alumina cement and sand
(1:2) as described rendering, trowelled smooth

19

m2

Approved HDPE pipe as described:F

225mm Diameter
channel

half-round

straight

main
14

225mm Ditto half-round curved branch channel

400mm girth

No.

Extra for approved corrugated HDPE pipe with

double walls and jointing to sewer pipe

18

No.

To Collection :

RM

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

ITEM

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

RATE

RM

SEN

MANHOLES (Cont'd)
The Following In 9 Nos. Precast Manholes
(Cont'd)
A

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1220mm deep

shallow precast reinforced manhole comprising
bottom casing, intermediate casing and top
casing complete with precast reinforced cover
slab and non-corrosive stainless steel steps at
300mm centres, all as per Drawing No.
ML/0578/02/CSW
-1&3
1

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1340mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1460mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1540mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1730mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1850mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 1980mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 2160mm deep do

No.

1200mm Diameter (internal) x 2250mm deep do

No.

19mm High alumina cement and sand (1:2) as

described rendering to sides of wall trowelled
smooth

58

m2

No.

840mm x 840mm Approved heavy-duty cast iron

manhole cover and frame according to Local
Authorities requirement, frame to be encased in
concrete and top surface to be flushed with
proposed finish road level, all as per Drawing
No. ML/0578/02/CSW-2

(End Of 9 Nos. Precast Manholes)

To Collection :
RM

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Lecture By :

Sr NORHAIZAN YUSOFF (MSc.ICPM, Rgd. QS, MRICS, MISM)

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