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Defence Technology 10 (2014) 294e297
www.elsevier.com/locate/dt
Abstract
The detonation of an explosive atmosphere from liquefied petroleum gas disseminated in air in a confined space is studied using numerical
modeling with software product ANSYS AUTODYN.
Copyright 2014, China Ordnance Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The liquefied petroleum gases, abbreviated as LPG, means
those petroleum products which are made up of mixed variables of gaseous hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, butane) and
ambient conditions, which are in a state of vapor, but can be
easily liquefied. In Romania, liquefied petroleum gas, namely,
petroleum product, is composed of mixture of butane (min.
90%) and propane (max. 9%) [1].
The characteristics of LPG are defined in SR 66:2007,
containing mainly max. 12% C3 and min. 87% C4, and the
vapor pressure is max. 7.5 bar [1].
A mixture of 8% propane and 92% butane was chosen for
numerical simulation in the paper. This mixture of fuel, mixed
with air, will form an explosive atmosphere. The temperatures
of self-ignition and explosion limits for LPG components are
presented in Table 1.
10 kg of LPG (LPG vapor) which will be subject to the
detonation is used to study normal and reflected overpressures
in a confined space
E-mail address: niculae.costin@yahoo.com (N.S. COSTIN).
Peer review under responsibility of China Ordnance Society.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2014.06.008
2214-9147/Copyright 2014, China Ordnance Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PII
295
P1
0
P2
Gas
Formula
Heat of combustion/
(KJ$mol1)
h h2 0:
Propane
Butane
Isobutane
C 3 H8
C4 H10
C4 H10
2219.9
2877.5
2869.0
2
;
P1 k1 2gS;2 ak :
1 gS;2
pV nRT;
or
p
nRT;
r
NG
X
nj ;
T2
T2
3 R
P2
T1 k1
T1 0 4 M1 cp;2 P1 0
2
Rgs;2 rk1
1 P2
:
2M1 cp;2 rk1
P1 k1
T1 M2
ak
:
T2 k M1
3
rk1 ak
j1
II
Rgs;2 T2
2M2
r2
1 :
r1
10
11
P2
:
P1 k1
12
where M2 ,gS;2 and cp;2 are the steady values for PP21 0 si TT21 0 .
After running the CEA program, the parameters corresponding to a gaseous LPG-air mixture (Table 2) were
calculated, which will be introduced into the model of material
to be used in AUTODYN. The values were calculated according to the temperature of 18 C and a pressure of 1 bar.
It can be seen from Table 2 that the maximum overpressure
corresponds to a volume of 4% LPG vapor into the air. We will
make the simulation of detonation for this gaseous mixture.
3. The detonation of an explosive atmosphere using
modeling in Ansys Autodyn
LPG-air mixture is defined as a material using the characteristics calculated by C.E.A program. One-dimensional
numerical model of this new defined material, with a predefined geometry type wedge, for a spherical explosive
cargoes in open space is shown in Fig. 1. Detonation point is
in (0,0).
Table 2
Characteristics of gaseous LPG-air mixture calculated with CEA program.
% vol. LPG in
the air
Detonation pressure
PD [bar] gas
Temperature of
detonation TD/( K)
Speed of detonation
VD/(m$s1)
1.5
3
4
5
6
11.850
18.401
19.422
18.707
17.644
1954.77
2786.30
2814.44
2586.47
2310.14
1457.3
1777.7
1830.2
1806.7
1754.8
1.7267
1.8090
1.7938
1.7620
1.7450
296
297
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