1

For
Examiners
Use

(a) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

scalar: ..............................................................................................................................

ky

..........................................................................................................................................

ha

vector: ..............................................................................................................................

aS

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

40

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

Sa

jit

Ch

an

dr

(b) Two forces of magnitude 6.0 N and 8.0 N act at a point P. Both forces act away from
point P and the angle between them is 40.
Fig. 1.1 shows two lines at an angle of 40 to one another.

Fig. 1.1

magnitude of resultant = ...................................... N [4]

Co

pi

le

da

On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant of the
two forces.

UCLES 2004

9702/02/M/J/04

For
Examiners
Use

(a) (i)

Distinguish between vector quantities and scalar quantities.

..................................................................................................................................

ky

..................................................................................................................................

State whether each of the following is a vector quantity or a scalar quantity.

temperature

dr

1.

aS

(ii)

ha

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

acceleration of free fall

Ch

2.

an

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

electrical resistance

Sa

3.

jit

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

Co

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

UCLES 2010

9702/22/O/N/10

For
Examiners
Use

aS

ha

ky

(b) A block of wood of weight 25 N is held stationary on a slope by means of a string, as

shown in Fig. 1.1.

string

dr

T
35

by

Fig. 1.1

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

25 N

Sa

jit

Ch

slope

an

da

The tension in the string is T and the slope pushes on the block with a force R that is
normal to the slope.

Co

pi

le

Either by scale drawing on Fig. 1.1 or by calculation, determine the tension T in the
string.

T = .............................................. N [3]
UCLES 2010

9702/22/O/N/10

[Turn over

For
Examiners
Use

(a) Distinguish between scalars and vectors.

..........................................................................................................................................

ky

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

momentum

power

weight

[2]

aS

kinetic energy

acceleration

ha

(b) Underline all the vector quantities in the list below.

dr

(c) A force of 7.5 N acts at 40 to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Ch

an

7.5 N

jit

40

Sa

horizontal

by

Fig. 1.1

horizontally,

ar

ra

ng

(i)

ed

Calculate the component of the force that acts

vertically.

vertical component = ............................................. N [1]

Co

pi

le

da

nd

(ii)

re

horizontal component = ............................................. N [1]

UCLES 2011

9702/23/O/N/11

(d) Two strings support a load of weight 7.5 N, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

For
Examiners
Use

T1

40

horizontal

ha

50

ky

T2

aS

7.5N

dr

Fig. 1.2

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

Sa

jit

Ch

an

One string has a tension T1 and is at an angle 50 to the horizontal. The other string has
a tension T2 and is at an angle 40 to the horizontal. The object is in equilibrium.
Determine the values of T1 and T2 by using a vector triangle or by resolving forces.

Co

T1 = .................................................. N

UCLES 2011

T2 = .................................................. N
[4]

9702/23/O/N/11

[Turn over

For
Examiners
Use

(a) Explain the differences between the quantities distance and displacement.
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

ky

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

ha

(b) State Newtons first law.

aS

..........................................................................................................................................

dr

..........................................................................................................................................

an

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

tug 1

X
tanker

by

Sa

T1

jit

Ch

(c) Two tugs pull a tanker at constant velocity in the direction XY, as represented in Fig. 1.1.

25.0

ar

ra

ng

ed

15.0

T2
tug 2

Fig. 1.1

By reference to the forces acting on the tanker, explain how the tanker may be
described as being in equilibrium.

da

(i)

nd

re

Tug 1 pulls the tanker with a force T1 at 25.0 to XY. Tug 2 pulls the tanker with a force
of T2 at 15.0 to XY. The resultant force R due to the two tugs is 25.0 103 N in the
direction XY.

pi

le

..................................................................................................................................

Co

..................................................................................................................................

UCLES 2012

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

9702/23/M/J/12

1.

Complete Fig. 1.2 to draw a vector triangle for the forces R, T1 and T2.

[2]

For
Examiners
Use

aS

ha

ky

(ii)

an

dr

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

Sa

jit

Ch

25.0 103 N

Fig. 1.2

Use your vector triangle in Fig. 1.2 to determine the magnitude of T1 and of T2.

pi

le

da

nd

re

2.

Co

T1 = ................................................... N

UCLES 2012

T2 = .................................................. N
[2]

9702/23/M/J/12

[Turn over

For
Examiners
Use

(a) The spacing between two atoms in a crystal is 3.8 1010 m. State this distance in pm.
spacing = .......................................... pm [1]

ha

ky

(b) Calculate the time of one day in Ms.

aS

time = .......................................... Ms [1]

jit

Ch

an

dr

(c) The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 0.15 Tm. Calculate the time in minutes for light
to travel from the Sun to the Earth.

Sa

time = ......................................... min [2]

energy

momentum

Co

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

distance

by

(d) Underline all the vector quantities in the list below.

UCLES 2012

9702/23/O/N/12

weight

work

[1]

(e) The velocity vector diagram for an aircraft heading due north is shown to scale in
Fig. 1.1. There is a wind blowing from the north-west.

For
Examiners
Use

wind

an

dr

aS

ha

ky

45

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

Sa

jit

Ch

aircraft

Fig. 1.1

Draw an arrow on Fig. 1.1 to show the direction of the resultant velocity of the
aircraft.
[1]

da

(i)

nd

The speed of the wind is 36 m s1 and the speed of the aircraft is 250 m s1.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the aircraft.

Co

pi

le

(ii)

resultant velocity = ...................................... m s1 [2]

UCLES 2012

9702/23/O/N/12

[Turn over

10

(a) Distinguish between mass and weight.

mass: ...............................................................................................................................

For
Examiners
Use

..........................................................................................................................................

weight: ..............................................................................................................................

ha

ky

..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

dr

aS

(b) An object O of mass 4.9 kg is suspended by a rope A that is fixed at point P. The object
is pulled to one side and held in equilibrium by a second rope B, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Ch

an

by

Sa

jit

rope A

ed

rope B

ra

ng

Fig. 2.1

On Fig. 2.1, draw arrows to represent the directions of all the forces acting on
object O.
[2]

Co

pi

le

da

nd

(i)

re

ar

Rope A is at an angle e to the horizontal and rope B is horizontal. The tension in rope A
is 69 N and the tension in rope B is T.

UCLES 2013

9702/21/M/J/13

11

(ii) Calculate

For
Examiners
Use

Sa

jit

Ch

an

dr

aS

ha

ky

1. the angle e,

e = ................................................ [3]

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

2. the tension T.

Co

T = .............................................. N [2]

UCLES 2013

9702/21/M/J/13

[Turn over

12

(a) Force is a vector quantity. State three other vector quantities.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................

ky

3. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Three coplanar forces X, Y and Z act on an object, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

aS

object

an

dr

ha

Ch

jit

Fig. 3.1

Sa

The force Z is vertical and X is horizontal. The force Y is at an angle e to the horizontal. The
force Z is kept constant at 70 N.

ed

by

In an experiment, the magnitude of force X is varied. The magnitude and direction of force Y
are adjusted so that the object remains in equilibrium.

ra

ng

Fig. 3.2 shows the variation of the magnitude of force Y with the magnitude of force X.

ar

130

re

Y/N

da

nd

110

70

Co

pi

le

90

50

20

40

60

80

100

120
X /N

Fig. 3.2

UCLES 2014

9702/23/O/N/14

13

(i)

Use Fig. 3.2 to estimate the magnitude of Y for X = 0.

Y = ...................................................... N [1]

(ii)

State and explain the value of e for X = 0.

...........................................................................................................................................

ky

...........................................................................................................................................

aS

The magnitude of X is increased to 160 N. Use resolution of forces to calculate the value
of

dr

(iii)

ha

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

angle e,

ed

by

Sa

jit

Ch

an

1.

the magnitude of force Y.

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

2.

e = ........................................................ [2]

Y = ...................................................... N [2]

Co

(c) The angle e decreases as X increases. Explain why the object cannot be in equilibrium for
e = 0.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

UCLES 2014

9702/23/O/N/14

[Turn over

14

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(a) The frequency of an X-ray wave is 4.6 1020 Hz.

ha

ky

Calculate the wavelength in pm.

aS

wavelength = .................................................... pm [3]

Sa

jit

Ch

an

dr

(b) The distance from Earth to a star is 8.5 1016 m. Calculate the time for light to travel from the
star to Earth in Gs.

time = .................................................... Gs [2]

by

(c) The following list contains scalar and vector quantities.

force

mass

ng

acceleration

ed

Underline all the scalar quantities.

power

temperature

weight

[1]

re

ar

ra

(d) A boat is travelling in a flowing river. Fig. 1.1 shows the velocity vectors for the boat and the
river water.

da

nd

water velocity 8.0 m s1

60

east

Co

pi

le

boat velocity 14.0 m s1

Fig. 1.1
The velocity of the boat in still water is 14.0 m s1 to the east. The velocity of the water is
8.0 m s1 from 60 north of east.

UCLES 2015

9702/22/O/N/15

15

On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the resultant velocity of the boat. [1]

(ii)

Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat.

Ch

an

dr

aS

ha

ky

(i)

Co

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

Sa

jit

magnitude of velocity = ................................................ m s1 [2]

UCLES 2015

9702/22/O/N/15

[Turn over

16

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(a) A list of quantities that are either scalars or vectors is shown in Fig. 1.1.
quantity

scalar

distance

vector

ky

energy

ha

momentum

aS

power
time

an

dr

weight

Ch

Fig. 1.1

Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each quantity is a scalar or a vector.

[2]

jit

One line has been completed as an example.

by

Sketch a vector diagram to show the path taken by the girl. Draw and label her resultant
displacement R.
north

east

Co

pi

le

da

nd

re

ar

ra

ng

ed

(i)

Sa

(b) A girl runs 120 m due north in 15 s. She then runs 80 m due east in 12 s.

UCLES 2016

[1]

9702/23/M/J/16

17

(ii)

Calculate, for the girl,

1.

the average speed,

ky

average speed = ................................................. m s1 [1]

the magnitude of the average velocity v and its angle with respect to the direction of
the initial path.

Sa

jit

Ch

an

dr

aS

ha

2.

angle = .............................................................
[3]
[Total: 7]

(a) Describe the effects, one in each case, of systematic errors and random errors when using a
micrometer screw gauge to take readings for the diameter of a wire.

ar

ra

ng

ed

by

magnitude of v = ...................................................... m s1

re

systematic errors: .....................................................................................................................

nd

...................................................................................................................................................

da

random errors: ..........................................................................................................................

pi

le

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

Co

(b) Distinguish between precision and accuracy when measuring the diameter of a wire.
precision: ..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
accuracy: ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 4]

UCLES 2016

9702/23/M/J/16

[Turn over