DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF STUDY AREA

Kolhapur is thickly populated, industrialized and urbanized district of Maharashtra. Its

having 4 lakh of population in which 77% lies in rural region. Due to geographical advantage of
ambient climate, sufficient rainfall, infrastructure, transportation facility and labour force intend
huge development in economic sector. Majority of people engaged in Agriculture and allied
industrial services like sugar, milk and milk products, textile, food processing industries etc. It
contributes 3.7% of share in Indias total export.
Karveer is one of the well-known taluka as far as agricultural and industrial expansion
concerned. Now-a-days large amount of population diverted towards urban Karveer for the
reason of employment, education and other services facility. It also boost overall local market
demand and services. In todays world every single product created in advance technology for
productive and time-saving approach. It also leads increase in domestic, industrial, commercial
and agricultural electricity demand which make imbalances in available and actual required
power. Now biggest issue of power deficitation arises in front of state owned electricity
companies.
Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company (MAHATRANSCO) plays major
role in transmission of power in Kolhapur District. Kolhapur region comes under Karad Zone,
get power from Karad grid to Mudshingi (Kolhapur). [2] Average monthly demand of Kolhapur
District is 679 MW in which maximum demand in peak hours is 270 MW. Still it experiences
12.2% and 8.3% deficit in average demand and peak demand respectively. So to fulfill average
demand require proper planning and scheduling of available generation sources and also required
to strengthening transmission network to ensure uninterrupted power supply at low transmission
and distribution losses. For proposed project Karveer taluka has chosen for study and analysis
because it comprises various multi-sectoral power demands such as agricultural, residential,
industrial, commercial etc. give thorough allocation of available power for rural urban and semiurban region. The interconnected 110 kV grid of MAHATRANSCO in Karveer taluka has taken
as study part. Collection of real-time secondary data in year of 2014-15 has been put in model
development and detail information of Single Line Diagram (SLD), load buses, transformers,
shunt reactors etc. mentioned as follows.

Table 1: HV Transmission substation and Cogeneration plant of Karveer Taluka

Substation Name

Rated Voltage (kV)

Maximum Load

Grid Interconnected

(MW)

Generation (COGEN)
Jawahar

Mudshingi

110

193.669

Gokulshirgaon
Puikhadi
Kale
Bapat Camp
Shiroli
Chambukhadi

110
110
110
110
110
110

66.72
83.089
41.58
88.23
101.07
44.07

Renuka
Shahu
Kumbhi
Asurle-Porle

The power transmitted inside Kolhapur from one station to another shown by SLD. It
also gives basic information about no. of buses, voltage rating, transformer, shunt reactor etc. It
uses in power flow analysis and computation of individual feeder and total power loss. The
following diagram shows SLD of Karveer taluka. It consist 25 buses in which all cogeneration
plants connected to 110 kV bus of respective nearer substation as shown in table 1. Among them
10 buses are load buses of voltage rating 33kV and 6 buses are 11 kV fed to distribution
substation. In table 3 gives loading details of study area. Fig. 1 shows geographical layout of
proposed study area with particular location of transmission substation and cogeneration source.

Fig. 1: Geographical layout of proposed study

Fig. 3 Single Line Diagram of

Grid Transmission Network of
Karveer Taluka
Table 3: Bus Data of Grid
Transmission Network of
Karveer Taluka in 2014-15
Bu

Substation

Bus Voltage

Active Power

Reactive Power

Apparent

(kV)

(P)

(Q)

Power (S)

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

114
111
32
109
33
33
11
11
114
111
33
33
11
11
111
113
33
11
111
33
33
109
33
33
11

VIcos (MW)
115.06
48.67
16.83
105.47
27.1
17.6
9.32
8.27
195.869
92.33
36.05
37.03
7.79
8.54
87.989
13
29.29
25.689
70.32
28.76
40.00
46.28
19.735
17.535
7.12

VIsin (MVAr)
92.1956
51.068
16.6876
110.98
27.6389
18.599
9.6688
8.154
188.796
96.606
32.46
33.773
10.555
7.745
87.245
12.5305
26.373
22.705
70.716
26.908
37.586
46.012
18.78
16.359
5.151

VI (MVA)
147.513
70.536
23.704
153.0769
38.71
25.6186
13.429
11.6152
272.04
133.618
48.52
50.108
7.125
11.525
123.928
18.055
39.421
34.297
99.042
39.397
54.87
65.275
27.258
23.988
8.79

Chambukhadi

Shiroli
Mudshingi
Bapat Camp

Puikhadi

Gokulshirgaon

Kale

Input Feeder Loading

Bus

Active Power

Reactive Power

Apparent Power

To From
Feeder Name
1
2
Wathar- Chambukhadi
1
4
Wathar- Shiroli
2
3
Chambukhadi-I
2
4
Chambukhadi-Shiroli
4
5
Shiroli-I
4
6
Shiroli-II
4
7
Shiroli-III
4
8
Shiroli-IV
9
10
Mudshingi-B.Camp- I
9
10
Mudshingi-B. Camp II
4
10
Shiroli-Bapat Camp
10
11
Bapat Camp-III
10
12
Bapat Camp-IV
10
13
Bapat Camp-I
10
14
Bapat Camp-II
9
15
Mudshingi- Puikhadi
16
15
Kumbhi- Puikhadi
15
17
Puikhadi-I
15
18
Puikhadi-II
15
22
Puikhadi-Kale
16
22
Kumbhi- Kale
22
23
Kale-I
22
24
Kale-II
22
25
Kale-III
9
19
Mudshingi-G. Shirgaon
19
20
Gokul Shirgaon-I
19
21
Gokul Shirgaon-II
Output Feeder Loading

(MW)
38.5
76.56
17.44
31.23
27.92
18.23
9.83
8.71
31.531
23.859
40.78
36.87
37.87
8.46
9.13
81.889
8.0
30.11
26.449
31.43
5.0
20.415
18.155
7.71
58.59
29.65
40.667

(MVAR)
30.849
61.3461
18.295
32.7688
29.3788
19.1825
10.344
9.165
30.3923
22.9974
42.91
38.577
39.62
8.852
9.553
78.93
7.711
29.855
26.225
31.164
4.819
20.299
18.052
7.66
56.4743
29.82
40.889

(MVA)
49.3589
98.1538
25.275
45.2608
40.5225
26.4586
14.267
12.6415
43.793
33.1375
59.187
53.357
54.805
12.243
13.213
113.734
11.11
42.408
37.252
44.267
6.944
28.794
25.606
10.874
81.375
41.76
57.28

Active Power

Reactive Power

Apparent Power

Feeder Name

(MW)

(MVAR)

(MVA)

Wathar- Chambukhadi
Wathar- Shiroli
Chambukhadi-I
Chambukhadi-Shiroli
Shiroli-I
Shiroli-II
Shiroli-III
Shiroli-IV
Mudshingi-B.Camp- I
Mudshingi-B. Camp II
Shiroli-Bapat Camp
Bapat Camp-III

37.38
75.02
16.83
30.45
27.1
17.6
9.32
8.27
30
22.83
40
36.05

29.952
60.112
17.655
31.95
28.5159
18.5196
9.807
8.702
28.91
21.523
42.089
37.876

47.923
96.1795
24.39
44.13
39.3323
25.5443
13.5268
12.003
41.667
31.014
58.05
52.17

Bus
To
1
1
2
2
4
4
4
4
9
9
4
10

From
2
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
10
10
11

10
12
10
13
10
14
9
15
16
15
15
17
15
18
15
22
16
22
22
23
22
24
22
25
9
19
19
20
19
21
Feeder Loss

Bapat Camp-IV
Bapat Camp-I
Bapat Camp-II
Mudshingi- Puikhadi
Kumbhi- Puikhadi
Puikhadi-I
Puikhadi-II
Puikhadi-Kale
Kumbhi- Kale
Kale-I
Kale-II
Kale-III
Mudshingi-G. Shirgaon
Gokul Shirgaon-I
Gokul Shirgaon-II

37.03
7.79
8.54
80.289
7.7
29.29
25.689
30.15
3.63
19.735
17.535
7.12
57.4
28.76
40

38.7448
8.1508
8.935
77.389
7.422
29.04
25.47
29.895
3.498
19.624
17.436
7.1395
55.327
28.922
40.225

53.589
11.274
12.359
111.51
10.694
41.253
36.18
42.164
5.041
27.835
24.732
10.126
79.722
40.507
56.338

Active Power

Reactive Power

Apparent Power

Feeder Name

(MW)

(MVAR)

(MVA)

Wathar- Chambukhadi
Wathar- Shiroli
Chambukhadi-I
Chambukhadi-Shiroli
Shiroli-I
Shiroli-II
Shiroli-III
Shiroli-IV
Mudshingi-B.Camp- I
Mudshingi-B. Camp II
Shiroli-Bapat Camp
Bapat Camp-III
Bapat Camp-IV
Bapat Camp-I
Bapat Camp-II
Mudshingi- Puikhadi
Kumbhi- Puikhadi
Puikhadi-I
Puikhadi-II
Puikhadi-Kale
Kumbhi- Kale
Kale-I
Kale-II
Kale-III
Mudshingi-G. Shirgaon

1.12
1.54
0.61
0.78
0.82
0.63
0.51
0.44
1.531
1.529
0.78
0.82
0.84
0.67
0.59
1.6
0.3
0.82
0.76
1.28
1.37
0.68
0.62
0.59
1.19

0.8974
1.234
0.64
0.8184
0.8629
0.6629
0.5366
0.463
1.4757
1.4738
0.82
0.858
0.8789
0.701
0.6173
1.542
0.289
0.813
0.7335
1.269
0.694
0.676
0.6165
0.586
1.147

1.4359
1.9744
0.4209
1.1304
1.1901
0.9144
0.7402
0.6386
2.1264
2.1236
1.132
1.1867
1.2157
0.9696
0.8538
2.22
0.4167
1.1549
1.07
1.803
1.903
0.959
0.875
0.832
1.6527

Bus
To
1
1
2
2
4
4
4
4
9
9
4
10
10
10
10
9
16
15
15
15
16
22
22
22
9

From
2
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
17
18
22
22
23
24
25
19

19
20
Gokul Shirgaon-I
19
21
Gokul Shirgaon-II
Transformer Loading
Substation
Transformer Rating
Chambukhadi
Shiroli

Bapat Camp

Puikhadi
Kale
Gokul
Shirgaon

25 MVA, 110/33 kV
50 MVA
50 MVA
16 MVA
16 MVA
50 MVA,
50 MVA
12.5 MVA
10 MVA
50MVA
50 MVA
25 MVA
25 MVA
10 MVA
50 MVA
50 MVA

0.89
0.67

0.895
0.6737

1.2535
0.9436

Input (HV)

Output (LV)

Loss (MW)

(MW)
17.1045
27.469
17.8835
9.5495
8.468
36.419
37.408
8.8055
8.0915
29.659
26.031
20.0275
17.814
7.3855
29.1605
40.3015

(MW)
16.83
27.1
17.6
9.32
8.27
36.05
37.03
8.54
7.79
29.29
25.689
19.735
17.535
7.12
28.76
40

0.2745
0.369
0.2835
0.2295
0.198
0.369
0.378
0.2655
0.3015
0.369
0.342
0.2925
0.279
0.2655
0.4
0.3015

Table , , and shows average loading data of buses, feeder and transformers of FY 2014-15
respectively. From study get exact load curve of proposed study area which further utilized more
information about average demand, maximum demand and load factor. Also described data help
to analyze particular MVA demand of each buses, transmission line losses, transformer losses,
voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, power factor etc. Here one more thing notified that
average voltage regulation is more which affects different magnitude in sending and receiving
end at load center. It can obtain by placing additional power transformer with facilitation of onload tap setting in between transmission line. It clears that almost 50% of power demand of
Kolhapur district comprised in alone Karveer taluka. So there is more attention give to Karveer
taluka as well as vast scope to optimize available power at grid due to main nodal center of
transmitted power at here.

MONTHLY LOAD CURVE

500
400
300
200
100
0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Average Demand (MW)

Fig. 4: Monthly Average load curve of study area concern in 2014-15

In 2014-15, recorded base load i.e. particular amount of load available in each month is
338 MW and peak load i.e. maximum average power available above base load on load curve is
387 MW. Still Karveer experiences 12.74 % power deficit from total available power i.e. it can
reducible by upgrading additional generation capacity. Lagging (0.7) power factor consumes
more reactive power which leads to grater conductor size, increment in KVA rating, transmission
loss etc. Here obtained load factor is enough good but if it is possible to make towards unity then
uniformity comes in both average and maximum demand which leads reduction in overall cost of
generation as well as great efficiency in transmission system. Detail analysis of primary data
described as follows.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Available Power at Grid

Average Demand of proposed area
Power Deficit
Total Transmission losses
Transmission Network Efficiency

6. Power Factor

= 295.354 MW
= 337.678 MW
= 12.74%
= 23.994 MW
= 92.5%
Active Power (P)
= Apparant Power(S)

7. Voltage Regulation

8. Total Transformers Loss

= 4.918 MW
Average Demand
= Maximum Demand

9. Load Factor

VsVr
Vr

= 0.7 lagging

100 = 4.2 %

= 0.873

The transmission losses are due to energy dissipated in the conductors, equipment used
for transmission line, transformer, sub-transmission line and distribution line and magnetic losses
in transformers. Technical losses are normally 17-19 %, and directly depend on the network
characteristics and the mode of operation. The major amount of losses in a power system is in
primary and secondary distribution lines. While transmission and sub-transmission lines account
for only about 30% of the total losses. Therefore the primary and secondary distribution systems
must be properly planned to ensure within limits. The unexpected load increase was reflected in
the increase of technical losses above the normal level. The losses in any system would,
however, depend on the pattern of energy use, intensity of load demand, load density, and
capability and configuration of the transmission and distribution system that vary for various
system elements.
Technical Loss Distribution
Transmission Line Losses

Total Trasmission Loss

I2R los s

Corona Los s

S kin Los s

5% 2% 2%

21%
2%
Transformer Losses
79%

Reactive los s

16%

dielectric los s

73%

Leakage Current

Fig. :

Trans. Efficiency Vs. Power Factor

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Trans. Efficiency Vs. Power Factor

Fig.:

Voltage Regulation Vs. Trans. Efficiency

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Voltage Regulation Vs. Trans. Efficiency

Fig.:

I2R Loss Vs. Power Factor

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

I2R Loss Vs. Power Factor

Fig.:
Above figures are general conclusion and analysis of chapter 4. Fig. shows as power
factor move towards lag to unity, transmission efficiency can achieved at greater percentage. It
can possible only if reactive power management does properly within transmission network.
Fig. shows linear downward slope of voltage regulation versus transmission efficiency which
designates voltage regulation should maintain as low as possible to acquire better efficiency. The
current study revolves around transmission active power loss (I2R) which increase as decrease in

power factor, shown by fig. From FY 2014-15 recorded data of Karveer taluka, scenario and
analysis signifies better efficiency and regulation will achieve at more percentage and of course
loss minimize.