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1- MSC Core Network Overview

CoreNetworkEvolution
DefinitionofCoreNetwork
CNincludesaseriesofphysicalentitiestorealizeuserlocationmanagement,networkfunctionand
servicecontrol,suchas(G)MSC,HLR,SCP,SMC,GSNetc.
CNcanbedividedintothreetypes:HomeNetworkDomain,TransitNetworkDomainandTransitNetwork
Domain.Ref.is3GPP23.101.

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POPULAR POST
2ENetworkBasicConfigurationPT
PracticeSBA2012
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completingthisactivity:1Donotuse
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Detail:

1ENetworkBasicConfigurationPT
PracticeSBA2012
Afewthingstokeepinmindwhile
completingthisactivity:Donotusethe
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reloadanyexamwind...

ReleaseEvolutionofWCDMA(CodeDivisionMultipleAccess)

GSMFundamentals
1GSMFundamentals1.1.Basic
ConceptsofCellularMobileSystem

1MSCCoreNetworkOverview
CoreNetworkEvolutionDefinitionof
CoreNetworkCNincludesaseriesof
physicalentitiestorealizeuserlocation
management,netwo...

CISCO Q & A
BasicCCNAAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter1:Quiz
CCNAExp1Chapter1:TaskAssessment

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CCNAExp1Chapt2:Summary&Review:Q&A
CCNAExp1Chapter2:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter3:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter4:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter5:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter6:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter7:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter8:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter9:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter10:TaskAssessment
CCNAExp1Chapter11:TaskAssessment

VISITORS

2 5 1 2 8 3

CDMACodeDivisionMultipleAccessisamethodfordescribingphysicalradiochannels.Dataintended
foraspecificchannelismodulatedwiththatchannelscode.Thesearetypicallypseudorandominnature,
andpossesfavourablecorrelationpropertiestoensurephysicalchannelsarenotconfusedwithone
another.CDMAtechniquesareemployedwithincdmaOne,CDMA2000andUMTS
Evolution
Chapter2R99CoreNetwork
R99NetworkArchitecture

Detail:

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R99CoreNetworkFeaturesandTechnologies

CoreNetworkissplitintoCSdomainandPSdomain.CSdomainisbasedonoriginalGSMnetwork.PS
domainisbasedonoriginalGPRSnetwork.
CSdomain:usedtoprovideCircuitswitchedservice.NetworkmodecansupportTDM,ATMandIP.
Physicalentitiesincludeswitchingequipment(suchasMSC/VLR,GMSCs),andinterworkingequipment
(IWF).
PSdomain:usedtoprovidePacketswitchedservice.NetworkmodeisIP.Physicalentitiesinclude
SGSN,GGSN,CG,BGetc.
R99CorenetworkFunctionEntity

1FunctionentitysharedbyCSdomainandPS:
HLR:torealizemobilesubscribermanagementandlocationinformationmanagement
VLR:todealwithallkindsofdatainformationofcurrentmobilesubscriber
AUC:tostoreauthenticationinformationofmobilesubscriber
EIR:tostoreIMEIdataofmobilesubscriber
SMS:ShortMessageCenter.
2FunctionentityofCSdomain:
MSC:torealizeswitchingandsignalingcontrolfunctionofcircuitservice.
GMSC:torealizeaddressingfunctionfordifferentnetwork.GMSCandMSCcanbeintegratedtogether
orseparatedindependently.
IWF:integratedtogetherwithMSC,torealizeinterworkingwithPLMNandISDN,PSTN,PDN(Mainly
completesignalingtransferfunction),itsfunctionscanbedefinedbasedonspecifiedservicesand
networktypes.

3FunctionentityofPSdomain:
SGSN:torealizepacketswitchingfunction,signalingcontrolfunctionandroutefunctionofpacket
service.
GGSN:torealizeinterworkingwithPSdomainandexternaldatanetwork.
CG:torealizebillingfunctionofpacketservice.
BG:torealizeinterworkingoftwoGPRSnetworkandguaranteethesecurityofnetwork.
R99CoreNetworkInterface
1InterfacebetweenCNandRAN/BSS:
AInterface:torealizemobilestationmanagement,basestationmanagement,mobilitymanagementand
callprocessing,etc.
Gbinterface:torealizepacketdatatransmitandmobilitymanagement.

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IuCSinterface:torealizeRNSmanagement,mobilitymanagementandcallcontrolfunction.
IuPSinterface:itsbasicfunctionissimilartoIuCSinterface.
2CSinternalinterface:
Binterface(MSCVLR):AprivateinterfacebetweenVLRandMSC.ItisusedfortheMSCtoquerythe
currentlocationinformationofaMobileStation(MS)fromtheVisitLocationRegister(VLR),orrequest
theVLRtoupdatethecurrentlocationinformationoftheMSorisusedfortheoperationsof
supplementaryservices.
Cinterface(MSCHLR):togetMSRN,theINservicerelatedsubscriberstatusandlocationinformation.
Dinterface(VLRHLR):usedtoexchangethelocationinformationoftheMSandthesubscriber
managementinformation.
Einterface(betweenMSC):tobeusedforhandoverprocessbetweentwoMSCs.
Finterface(MSCEIR):tobeusedforEIRtoverifyIMEIstatusinformationofmobileequipment.
Ginterface(betweenVLR):toexchangeIMSIandauthenticationinformationwhenMSmovesfromone
VLRtoanotherVLR.
3PSinternalinterface:
Grinterface(SGSNHLR):toexchangemobilelocationinformationandmanagesubscribersigned
information.ItissimilartoCinterface.
Gn,Gpinterface(SGSNGGSN):GTPisadopted,usedforestablishtunnelandtransmitdatapacket
betweenGSNequipment.
Gcinterface(GGSNHLR):optional.
Gfinterface(SGSNEIR).
Giinterface(GGSNexternalnetwork).
4CommoninterfacessharedbyCSandPS:
Gsinterface(MSC/VLRSGSN):usedforcombinedlocationupdatebetweenMSCandSGSN).
Hinterface(HLRAUC):usedforauthenticationandciphering.Itisaprivateinterface.
Chapter3R4CoreNetwork

Section1NetworkingandInterface
R4NetworkArchitecture

R4CoreNetworkFunctionEntities

MSCServer:controllayer,torealizeMM(mobilitymanagement),CM(callcontrol),MGC(mediagate

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control).
MGWbearerlayer,torealizetheexchangeofvoiceandmediaflow,andprovideallkindssources,such
asTC,EC,playannouncementandreceiveDTMF.
SG:torealizesignalingtransferfromMTP(SS7transmissionlayer)toSCTP/IP(SIGTRANtransmission
layer).
R4CoreNetworkInterfaceandProtocol

Mcinterface((G)MSCServerMGW):H.248isadopted,torealizetheflexibleconnectionprocessingfor
multicallmode,multimedia
Ncinterface(MSCServer(G)MSCServer):torealizetheinterofficecallcontrol.ItadoptsBICC
protocol
Nbinterface(BetweenMGWs)torealizethetransferofcontrolanduserinformation(voice,data,
picture,media)inbearerlayerandrealizethetransferofdifferentmediaframeformat.RTP/UDP/IPand
AAL2/ATMprotocolisadopted.
Section2R4Features

BearerandControlSeparated

FourlayerArchitecture

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EmbeddedSGSavetransmissionlink

CentralizedServiceControl

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DistributedArchitectureFlexiblenetworking
Theadvantageofdistributednetworking

Trafficrouteisthebest,networkperformanceisthebest.
Mostlysuitablefortheoperatorswithwidecoverage.

TFOandTrFOImprovevoicequality

ThedifferenceofTFOandTrFO

TFOsetupthecoderfreeconnectionbyinbandsignal,whilecoderstillneedtowork(usedfor
monitorsignalofTFOmessage).
TrFOsetupthecoderfreeconnectionbyoutbandsignal,butcoderisnotneededafter
connectionissetup.
TheadvantageofTFOandTrFO

Improvevoicequality
Voicecoderhasdamagedcompressforvoice.Itwillreducevoicequalitywhencoderisused.
Canreducethetransmissiondelay.
Savethepowerofequipment

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WhenTrFOisadopted,thecoderfunctionisbypassed,thuswillsavethepowerofequipment.

Chapter4R5CoreNetwork
Section1R5Networking

CSCFCallSessionControlFunction
IsdividedintoP/S/Ithreetypesbasedonitsfunctionandlocation.
PCSCF(ProxyCSCF)ItisthefirstconnectionpointforsubscriberinIMSandprovideProxy
function.Itcanreceiveservicerequestandtransferthem,butcannotmodifytheRequestURI
fieldinINVITEmessagePCSCFalsocanprovideuseragentfunction(UA),itcaninterruptand
independentlyproduceSIPconversionatabnormalcase.
SCSCF(ServingCSCF)SCSCFisthecorecontrolofIMS,itisresponsibleforUEtoregister,
authenticateandconservationcontrol,realizeconservationroutefunctionforcallingandcalled
IMSuser.AccordingtosubscribersignedIMStriggeredrule,itcantriggerthevalueaddedservice
routetoASandcontrolservicenegotiation.
ICSCF(InterrogatingCSCF):similarasIMSgatewaynode,providenodedistribution,routequery
andIMSTopologyHidingInternetworkfunction.
Detail:

HSS:TheHomeSubscriberServer.
HSSstorestheIMSsubscribersignedinformation,includingbasicidentity,routeinformationandservice
signedinfo.Centralizeddatabase,locatedatthetopofIMScorenetwork.Itstoresthefollowing
information:
IMSsubscriberidentity(includingpublicandprivateidentity),numberandaddressinformation.
IMSsubscribersecuritycontext:cipheringinformationforsubscribertoaccessnetworkfor
authentication,roamingrestrictinformation.
IMSsubscriberrouteinformation:HSSsupportedrouteinformation,registrationinformationand
locationinformation.
IMSsubscriberservicesignedinformation:includingotherASvalueaddedservicedata.

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Section2SIPIntroduction
SIPDevelopment
SIPSessionInitiationProtocol:
Itisapplicationlayercontrolprotocol,usedtosetup,modify,andterminatemultimediasession(including
meeting).Forexample,internettelephonecall.
OriginallyderivedfromMBoneexperimentin1996.
In1999,ItwasadoptedasRFC2543standardbyIETFMMUSICwork
group.
In1999,SIPworkgroupwasestablishedindependently,later,twoworkgroupnamedasSIPPING
andSIMPLEwasnewlysetup,whichismainlydevotedtoSIP.
IntheJulyof2002,itisturnedtothenewstandardRFC3261.
Mostofthecontentwasrewritten.Itismoreclearandpreciseand
somenewfeatureswereadded.
MostofcontentskeepthebackwardcompliancewithRFC2543.

SIPFeatures
Basedontextcode.
Onlyconcernaboutsetup,modifyandterminatetheconservation.SIPURLisuesdtoindicatethe
resourcesorsubscribersneededtobevisited.
Flexibleextendedandpowerfulnegotiationmechanism:Supported,Unsupported,Require,
ProxyRequire,Allow,Accept...
Simplenetworkingprovidestheflexibility,reliabilityandexpandability.Relayequipment(Proxy
andRedirecter)neednottocareaboutthemessagecontent,justtransfertransparently.

SIPProtocolStack

SIPApplicationinIMS

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