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M 3A 78 @> . m ` Wd \ < X M 7\48 @> 4 ]` 3 dT@ ;@ < 3; B3D 7C3
. 3GC
/ 1 / y ZmK4O < 4>` VA p7O2 B1bC
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M 7 O y / xgB (2007 74P )0d 168
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/ =p d : W
4 g / p7O2 B1bC / < C mC \ m d 0GfC @
m R7 P e P : 2
@/ 7L> 4 GgC 7d\
/ C 1` p7O2 B1bC V M eA >@Fg> A / 7fR
:1 6R ` . GgC 7d\ ; 4
/ \ m dT M3 8 4 m\3C / R LK
=R P 4 ` K M ; R W4> eA3 gP Bm
4
T / Kg =>7 < dGO 3O@ <GO e
\ 2 Bd3 0GfC e @ 1 @3 d4G31 Zg1 FP < .@D g4R0 o
. m C XY4C \ 174C 7d\ F
/ p7O2 B1bC dT B3D P7 B

7d\ d KO E @3; Bd3 0GfC @ / = D8 4 FC \ X e 8 FP M ;

(17 12) m C X 31 (11 9) XY4C 7d\ KO E A 8 M ; 731 (8 6) \174C
/ A C438 4 } p f 04X M ; A41= C8 4 ` K
4 LO\ j = L4> . 31
. AE 5 W> @ 0X FC DR e4O M ; 1 @p 4R M @ < \ D4BO @>
<
FC ZO / < F 74 ] O] 8 6m/ e 8 C ; A3 @KC >= 7 / \j V d34 3C> : e
/ < C mC dT d M 7 e 8 T O @/ . X FGf ]`3 dT 7C; B1bC /
4 d C t R@ @
7WX K > 7 A4m \ < @PY4 A41 p7O2 B1bC
.g < E A / Y @m4 O
dT KO f ;7 E oPT B3D P7 B \ 2 Bd3 0GfC e@
FC R@

FGf 33 C / F 74R 3P .0d 37 e< ;@OV \174C 7d\

< 31
T
m
3= R P \ j m 4C O Lm t 7 G/T g4 6m mK8 e 8 41`
oG eB48 dT < KO f V
7WX A ; K KW4 2 0O@ 4 t g
:F> @ K x T M ; <G ;@ 7C3 <
4 F C 0Gf 7dO FGf @8 0GfC
<
FP FC g \4 | p WX x1 34O C dT F 4 AR 7 1 4jR 3P Fd\ fO M ; KR 3P gKC < / / FGf dT@; 41 e 8 .7C3 F
6 mR ( BK Wg CB )F G4C F 74 < 7 / 6 WR 3P .@A T
<; H@K 6 C4BR 3P .77C 1 / K` b1 \ R 3P =4f4O ] @P 8 Y R E C P
6 \ R 3R/ G M ; F G/= 4fR ` P O@K / 6 mR ` 6>@WR 3RY 6
7R C4 6 P f
\ 4BC >@ 0 mC 3H E Z H78 < O@8 d4R 3P .68@; BC 7m31 6 ZoR 3RY O7> 7 E
Z H78 eH < B X 0 mC t F DB4 4G ;< t 4BR 3P . GC Fd\ O M4 43R F
3P CP . 12 < 64O C Fd\
7WX M ; 3
DBC 7C 08 Fg> dR M ; A /
9

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;@41 < oP . 1T ;734 =R G/ A YBR 3P 4 1 / xW8 A3G @ 1 <KR 4
@W P A3 . 6p >@ Y Z 4O / < mC B1bC7O2 p eA eDB3O ` <O X ` xKO x
73 Fp 17
< xKO < .eA < / fC / fC . 7m 8 4 < A
@ / HY8 CP . A @ R 3P 3R 3H
/ @j4BC m eH A8@E G8 B M
7K \ Fd AC ) 6 / 3 @3A @j @G( / g1 V @G /
7 2 . / M M ; ] P 4 CO2 P @O FP fC d y @
` . < <C 1T A XT<; Bd4BR 3P
M ; EbCP P @ 6O\ P7 1
7 6` ; C4 XT 71 X B1bC7O2 6 <C p VO F x eA O \ F ;T
FX 7O2 d \m.
< @O]C K4 ` Wm41 @A M ; @ PY4 @ R <GO e ; H m m Gf F
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@ 3O < d d 4jC FX B1bC7O22 p / M 0dK 0 f3
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\ 7d XY4C
4 7C3 @; .< 4 4 d
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eA4 CE <OV @ 73 1 0d T d < KO E C 60 m P g\ .0d 3 < oG CR
/ FC 3H 0 mC " m mK4" ` Wm41 T d eDB3O C g \Fd
KO f O C C 4 C43O 4 . A
@ < Gf 28 e 0GfC Bd32\ 2 P7 B / M 0GfC
% 3C> :
@3; B3DT d < f }p O C 3C> . H0o e Bm4 LO 0GfC 2\ ; KO E FP @3 M
;7CD mO K B p ;7CD FP <C B p oP7R `\ ;7 E;@ ` K

7 C 7R FG < V `\ 71 O C / . A4 4 =C8 4 \4R 0Gf M KO E FP

f < F K4 \7 A> V 6f OT d FX B1bC7O2 p @C 1 DC:
< O C oP C F O C 4
g4 8 :( ! 8 6 ) 2! %V C
2
-

7G4O
@W <KR C m4O 7R A 0X Wjf 7G 1 4 ; A \ @ C / Fd /V C
CL 7; T \7GO Fd /7 <O7G4` B4P C 6 m; :W4O K Rgm8 F` D8
@O@D A / g\38 y V gj A / CO 4 \ Fd 4 H Mmg8 gP @ M7 68 F . gmC
2! %
+4 . W3 2
2 +

) ' ! 6 ! 8 a(
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;@ ` K
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23
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66
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32
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`]3 B1bC7O2/ p

17
90
26
32
30
98
13
13
07
\ 7d \174C

R ] CO F d V KO f < O CT d `]3 /V B1bC7O2 p 7 gB3

< :3 Gf / FoC4C fC Gf d Vg 4 0Gf8 7 < %31

\ 7 B 0 @3; ; C4 e V Bd8 <GCO @C fd8 Bd / E2 / 0oC4 :3

8 B1bC @C 1 CC @7Bm e < A;@ 7 E 4OT eA87XT d X <
`]3 T @A / B1bC7O2 A < p X ) \jC R g> 2 :e @D >.(3 :e

/ y VP Gf :` g4R f3 ] < gO m8 %15 FGf8 ( A.D.H.D.) @p\

< BdR FP f ; d 4j gW <O g4 @f
;@3 e T V dO M ; B T d 7R O ; gB3
11

CP . p7O2 B1bC / @p B @ O@f Bd C2 D 4R 7C3 / m m FP fC eA8 R M / 2

< %30 M FW8
; gBR 0Gf8 g CB < C F 74 ;@ 7\R` Y R@
oC > 0 / B3D 0GfC . B1bC FX KO f V d@ 3;
dR`\ 2
M ; @ 7O KO f V < d H0H < < %39 M FW8 gBR A3 Gf FP FGf8 7G3
dT eA87X Fg> < dT` b M ; B3 @4; @ 78 K B3 6 ; @4 @ Fd F>T
V d C 1 71 @ M ; B1bC FX<
< / K3C < O@E]` @ R < 31 gPT
X e 8 .0d 37 7 KO f V / eA 7 1= C8 <OV dT ;@ .eAO@ 7 LdC e KO f
Fd\ @ 3; 0GfC ;@ A3 C > FP FoC8
37 ;@KO f d Wm41 ;< D8 3 e m C
: O CP M ; MRT < g8
@ 7
13
13
12
12
12
12
11
11
10
06
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
13
18
18
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
16
24
24
22
21
21
20
19
Gf 575 = \174C 7d\ KO E / G FP fC ;@ 7CD = e m 7CD
Fd / Gf 15,54 = Mean 174C
16,82 14,26 :< 48 174C
>7 e m 7gmC DC < %95
3,85 = C KR`
17 ;< Z \C KR` @ 2,81 =
Fd / Gf 15.00 = Median 17
06 = R@ C m 24 =
Cm

:7\ 174C 7d\

/ 0GfC < FO]3 Fd\ x WR @Zg1 C 434BR
Fd / Gf (2,81 -/+ 15.00)

m C F g>
LO
C V M ; Z \O :( ! 11 9 ) M%
2
-
1 > ; B
< 7C3 @
/ g ] C48 O@ oP 7 B } gWO K "Preadolescence"
xBR<
C V g4 8 .} FGf < B3D ] < O C4 7@ gO m 0 m B
C
CP m j O C K bf 0 AC Fd\ e 4O
; C4 ` g\4 C F C
. gP FGf `dR` g bBC FCK8 / g D8` e m @ 3; 1 48
/ A ; 3 W 4 p 43 < 0O Z H74 @
C; / 2 dR g8 3C> LO 3
(3 e> R g \ jC 4 e>@ D )/ 7PVC 7C3 <
\ e
C VA 341

R O 4 gPT L C
FGf8 fC BP fC VG P ; C4 0 7 B
Gf FGf8 d 12 / g\ %45 A4gBR =
]`3 < KO f V d A3
( < A.D.H.D.) @p ]f3 g4R` : Gf 0 g4 8 X A < . LO gP
@m/ F 74 M ; @mC ;@ 3 P <
/ .%21 FGf8
M 7B3C \ 2
.%54 gBR FGf8
dR`\ 2 ;< C 3 P7 B Bd3 0GfC < V mo
3 ` LO 3 %62 M FW8 LO ; gBR A / oC > 0 FGf8 B3D 0GfC /
73 F < 0d 58 e ;@
K B3D P A4R` K4 7 4O <OV d gG @
.0d

/ 7 @ 7 Fd\ d 4jC A;7RY 0GfC @ ;@ 434BR LO\ 4BR 4 @D <

< g8
@ 7 Fd\ @ 3; 0GfC ;@ A3 C > FP FoC8 . C > 73 X e8
XY4C 7C3
: O CP M ; MRT
M%
2 . W3 ! " # +4
2 +

( ! 11 a ! 9 ' )
12

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' ) +
2 +

080
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043
3
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.
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038
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024
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.
186
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%27 W e
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063
d Vg
049
fC
W' %e
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G + ) W e IH W% i 355: BP fC
048
VG
.
133
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.
017
go
%7 W e
*
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@D > 4 e 0GfC Bd3`\ & P7 B `]3 B3D B1bC7O2/ p
\ 7d XY4C
04
08
08
07
07
06
06
05
05
04
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
9
9
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
16
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
18
24
22
22
7CD 7CD = e m ;@ FP fC KO E / G \ 7d XY4C = Gf 1040
/ Gf 13,96 = Mean 174CFd
C m 48 \174C < 12,90 : 15,02
< %95 DC 7gmC e m 7>
` KR C = 4,55
= 24 C m @04 = R
Cm
/ Gf 14,00 = Median 17Fd
@ ` KR <; Z \C 3,60 = 17

13

 \ 7d XY4C :7

Zg1 C 434BR @ x WR \ Fd < FO]3 0GfC /

) / Gf (3,60 -/+ 14,00Fd
3 t/ 7` mR
. eB4O :(17 12) CT d /V C
-
/ g gH V P 7 M4 - DC d jC y - d jC ejL8 G C /@8 @> 4
6 3WO M` C41 6 / @ 78> gp E 6 7f 1 6 / <; 6d AgE
C Z e@d 6R CO

< 68 |jE HY4 CR.(6) X

< fO M > <; :>74 R Y\j
; @3V 3 < g8 KO f
Y
@ 1 0GfC Bd3 P7 B <; C 32\ `dR
`7\R ;@ 74 P F < A O %27 gBR 7j @m/ V mo O eH y 3.
= %42 A4gBR
F4K8 BP fC d Vg G @W < < \ 7 B 0 ; C4
A O fC . 2\ 7B3C M FGf4/ 0 t/ V M @C1
FGf8
@> gBR CA / .%41 0GfC 0R 3R/ B3D 3 LO d8 gBR >0 oC
FW8 gBR . %35 M
\4BR < LO @D 5 @ 434BR ;@ 0GfC 7RY; A Fd\ d 4jC 7 @ / 7
< g8TMR
e8 X @; A3 C > FP FoC8 C > 60 0GfC ; @3 \ Fd 7 @
Cm
: O CP M ;
+4 . W3 ! 12 ' ) C 3(
2 +

' & W3 ") ! 60 : ) "( . 620 ID

' ) +
2 +

64
`7\R ;@ 74 F
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G + ) W e IH W%
41
7j
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40
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%38W e
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88
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14

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G + ) W e IH W%
i . 126:
%20e
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W' %e
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@D > 5 e 0GfC Bd3

0
t/ V M @C1
: ] P 4 /2 / f3

26
26
8

\ X d 4j
d Vg
BP fC
fC

66
42
41
31

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>0 oC
7G3 )`@8(
go

82
23
2
14
26
`]3 B1bC7O2/ p

O B
`\ P7 B B3D
Cm
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
17
17
17
16
16
15
15
15
15
14
< Zg1 FP D 43 @ 7R 28 < 0GfC Bd3 `\ P7 B B3D d 4jC
; 170 @3 < 0d f }p O C H0o @C 1 @; C ` K 7 C ; @3 d
d 4j ; @3 \ 7d XY4C ;@ 73 e1028 :"0d
\ 7d \174C ;@ 37 e575 :0d
. d 4j
C m ;@ 60 e620 :0d
d 4j ; @3 d

15

;@3
@ R
4
` K
G
@
) 170(Fd
Gf 2223 = 620 + 1028 + 575
/ A1 LO2 FoCO \jC R g> 5 e @D )> (6 e < 4 xB3 7RT O7C 0GfC
F 7C3 \174 : H0o
Bd3 2\ P7 B B3D e8 4 @ /V @/ 1
XY4 C: m

16

f}p

H0o

Fd\ @ 3; 0GfC ;@ 174 1 @V / A ; 3 W 4 p 43 } < L4O X A <

7d\
/ Fd\ @ 3; 0GfC @ ;@ 7GO K M ; 7CR KO E M Fm4R C P |> 34O
. XY4C 7d\
/ Fd\ @ 3; 63 gP @ V XY4C 7d\ @ 3; 63 gP\ 174C
M ; (9) ( 8) (7) 6 m/ C ` GE2 dT@ 3; 7C3 m 4C ; 734C oG 1 @f8
O ; :3P / O 1 / 7f O <OV 731 (8-6) \174C 7d\
/ dT

A3 7PV @ 3; gP 7C; 0Gf 6 5 < 48 d 4j FP f < 174C / 7R O O7 T

4,2 3,5 < @C / 48 FP f < 7R O eAR/ XY4C 7d\
/ dT . R2@ 3;
3,5 2,8 < 1 7 / 7f O <OV < m C dT KO f 0GfC @ gO <
/ Gf
e8 4 g = O 4 K T\ @ R / T x / } W8 gO m8 > T V . Gf
3 d FP f < oG T x / P K8 ` Fg> < 37R Zg1 CP A / 7d\ FP f @
. p7O2 B1bC V Fo / ]`3 4OT : G/ < C BC

17

@; @A8 FC; \X M 1
X78 M ; 3 @> / p 43 7mR C
; FP M
@ 0GfC Bd3 `\ @3; P7 B d t @C < < d 4j 3O@ m\3C
< f }p O C 0o @C / 1V Kg y
7f O <C dO / 7 O 1g
; V 08 < O C @C m A4R
@A @; 174 @O@K8 0GfC A3 R O 4 d FP
0Gf 4OT `]3 X / B1bC7O2. p
X g 8 V `@ C @; 174C gBR d8 C 0GfC A3 R O 4 \ Fd M ; FO]304X
KO f C43O 4 @ <; A 7 L d 4jC 4O 4 A \ Fd e 4 FX B1bC7O2p
/V C F g < 1 BK / 7C3 C < T A / fO ` 7 ` m41 ` FP 6 /78
2 6 4KO / ] ; AR7P M ;< eO@m8 ; O 7 @ O O@g 7D 1T ` C 1 d
\m 7 GfO <OV < %13,5 gBR @; C T d `]3 / <O X B1bC7O2 . p =/0
3 7` d8 gG V 7dO @ : 7 0GfC @3; B3D `]3 A A8@E G8
H Bd3 m C M ; AP 48 4T d .< P BC

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< p 43 gO D4 \ C 3 78 4 Y 6 / g ` FGf }L4O A d B1bC7O2/ p

m\3C 3 CE 4 /V @7f O 1 4/ V3 Wm =B / > x1 348 ` 1
< /V B1bC7O2 p B/ A / < o
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K / m @m .eO G d P e 4 / A8 m4f m d eO G e4 e 4 C 4 4OT
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eO G; @O < g4 oC e 4
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18

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/ 7O X 4O \m @> / ; O 7 @ < O < 3g 3g . < 3 =/0 e
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FP / 8 <P G < Fm34R M E FP 6 / @ R X ZK A/ / x 8 4

< mH DO 7 K @jO C @A 1T / FoC4C; O`b 4d < p < ;@gC 7;@<O
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; t D 43 =C 7D < xRV @ E M4 1 \ @ 1 (2008- 2007) K
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g1 3C 7 y oP
FCf8 Fg> < B1bC; e m8 74BC Gd 4 eAO@ C 4 > eB2 E / Bd3
B1bC7O2 FP M ; . pV < @ ` 7AD DR2 d; LC < oG 4 ; C 0 2
@ 4 B1bC7O2 A3 eB> V d34 p 0X < y / F Gf8 E ; FC : oG8`R 41
Z g\4 @A y O C
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F d82 C ; e m8; C ` Co41 G 4CC CD x1 34O C O j 1T

K @p B.
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