Reference

Calculation

Output

Column Design
After completing the initial member sizing and frame analysis, column
layout was prepared by considering column axial loads, Mxx and Myy
moments, column sizes etc. Columns having similar axial forces,
moments and column sizes were grouped together. Like wise about
main ten types of columns were identified.
Column "J-7" and "K-7" are relating columns for frame 7. Design of
Column "J7" (Type C1) and "K7" (Typec3) are illustrated here.
Specimen calculation for column C1 at First floor level:
Columns are designed as unbraced columns,
Beam 300x550
Beam 300x550

Beam 300x550
Col 500x550
Beam 300x550
300x550

Effective height of column:

BS 8110
3.8.1.6

le

BS 8110
Table 3.22

Values of :
Columns are unbraced,
Bottom: Condition 1
Top:
Condition 1

= x l0

1.2

Clear height between end restraints (lo):

lox

Effective height
lex

le

D
E
C

ley

7
7

= 3500-550
= 2950 mm

x l0

= x lox
=
1.2 x 2950
= 3.54m

lex/h = 3.54/ 0.5 =

ley/h = 3.54/ 0.5 =
Project

loy

= 3500-550
= 2950 mm

<10

= x loy
=
1.2 x 2950
= 3.54m

Hence columns are short.

Feature
DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

D
E
C

Reference

Calculation

Output

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Page

Similarly column C1 and C3 for each floor level was checked for
slenderness and tabulated for as follows for refferance.
Column Floor Level
J-7
(C1 Type)
500x500

400x400

K-7
(C3 Type)
500x500

500x400

lox

loy

lex/h

ley/h

Basement

1.6

3.05 2.3

9.8

7.4

Basement

1.6

3.05 2.3

9.8

7.4

Short/
Slender

<10
Short
Ground
1.2
2.95 2.95
7
7
<10
Short
First
1.2
2.95 2.95
7
7
<10
Short
Upto sixth floor level column and beam sizes are similar
to First floor level. From sixth floor, column sizes reduced
to 400 x400 mm size
Sixth
1.2
2.95 2.95
8.9
8.9
<10
Short
Seventh
1.2
2.95 2.95
8.9
8.9
<10
Short
<10
Short
Ground
1.2
2.95 2.95
7
7
<10
Short
First
1.2
2.95 2.95
7
7
<10
Short
Upto sixth floor level column and beam sizes are similar
to First floor level. From sixth floor, column sizes reduced
to 500 x400 mm size
Sixth
1.2
2.95 2.95
8.9
7
<10
Short
Seventh
1.2
2.95 2.95
8.9
7
<10
Short
Eighth
1.2
2.95 3.5
8.9
8.4
<10
Short

Hence from basement to Eighth floor level column C1 and C3 could be

designed as a short column.

Project

Feature

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Reference
D
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Calculation

Output

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Page

Axial loads and Moments:

When considering the whole building, it could be clealy observed that,
the frames in direction Y are the critical frames for both verticle and
horizontal loading. The analyzed frame in this report is the frame along
Grid 7. It was analyzed for 7 load combinations to get the
moments and axial forces for direction of Y. To get the axial forces and
moments in X direction, sub frame analysis was done for maximum
loading conditions.
Sub frame analysis for Column J-7 at First floor level:

KU
Gk= 22,
Qk=13

0.5Kb1

3.5m

Gk= 26,
Qk=16
0.5Kb2

3.5m
KL

5.3m

Sizes of elements:
Lower column =
Upper column =
Beam B1
=
Beam B2
=

6.5m

500x500mm
500x500mm
300x550 mm
300x550 mm

Stiffness of elements
Element

Size
(mmxmm)

Ix10-3
(m4)

L
(m)

K=4EI/L
(Ex10-3)

Lower
column

500x500

5.2

3.5

5.95

Upper
column

500x500

5.2

3.5

5.95

Beam B1

300x550

4.16

5.3

3.14

Beam B2

300x550

4.16

6.5

2.56

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Reference

Calculation

Project
D
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Output

Feature
DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Considering load combination 1 ( All spans maximum loaded):

Fixed end moment at beam B1

= wl2/12
= 52x(5.3)2/12
= 122KNm

Fixed end moment at beam B2

= wl2/12
= 62x(6.5)2/12
= 218KNm

Unbalance fixed end moment at node "A"

(Mes)
Framing moment in upper column

= 218-122
= 96KNm

= Mes.Ku/(Kl+Ku+0.5Kb1+0.5Kb2)
= 96x5.95E
(5.95+5.95+0.5x(3.14+2.56))E
= 38.7KNm

Framing moment in lower column

= Mes.Kl/(Kl+Ku+0.5Kb1+0.5Kb2)
= 96x5.95E
(5.95+5.95+0.5x(3.14+2.56))E
= 38.7KNm

`
Likewise Moments in X direction were found in each floor level by a
subframe analysis. Sub frame for Col J7 is as shown.

Page

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Reference

Project
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Calculation

Output

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Date
Date
Page

DESIGN UNIT

Seventh

Gk=20,
Qk=19

Gk=50,
Qk=23

Sixth

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

Fifth

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

Fourth

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

Third

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

Second

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

First

Gk=22,
Qk=13

Gk=26,
Qk=16

Ground

Gk=22,
Qk=13

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3.6m

5.3m

6.5m

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Reference

Project
D
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Calculation

Output

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Date
Date
Page

Calculation of Axial forces:

When finding axial forces, for column design, live load reduction was
done according to the BS 6933- Part 1. The precentages of live load
reduction is shown as follows.
Floor level

Live load
reduction %

Eighth

Seventh

10

Sixth

20

Fifth

30

Fourth

40

Third

40

Second

40

First

40

Ground

40

Basement

40

The calculated moments in full frame analysis and sub frame analysis
and axilal forces with live load reduction for each column can be
tabulated as follows.
For column "J7"
Floor

Base Gr

Comb.1
Axial (KN) 5320
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
21
Myy(KNm)
B
0

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

4330 3783 3215 2675 2125 1600 1066 76

64

101
67

98
67

98
67

97
64

109
90

47
11

39

39

39

39

39

39

21

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Reference

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61

39

39

Calculation
39
39

39

21

75

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Date
Date
Page

DESIGN UNIT

Floor

Base Gr

Comb.2
Axial (KN) 4260
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
5
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
61
Comb.3
Axial (KN) 5000
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
30
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
61
Comb.4
Axial (KN) 2526
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
82
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
24
Comb.5
Axial (KN) 2740
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
69
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
24

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Output

5th

6th

7th

3704 3279 2463 2054 1550 1152 750

10
19

33
21

29
21

30
21

29
19

35
30

12
5

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
21

21
75

4050 3500 3000 2400 1850 1325 1050 98

76

115
78

113
78

113
78

112
74

124
103

57
19

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
39

39
21

21
75

2130 1867 1605 1350 1088 830

567

93
52

91
62

81
59

76
55

71
50

71
59

39
20

16
16

16
16

16
16

16
16

16
21

21
9

9
59

2266 1967 1675 1390 1112 840

568

34
2

2
3

4
2

11
5

15
6

26
22

3
9

16
16

16
16

16
16

16
16

16
21

21
9

9
59

Comb.6
Axial (KN) 4400 3575 3125 2660 2200 1760 1325 880
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
123 127 116 111 105 110 54

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Reference

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T
90
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
32

76

86

44
32

32
32

Calculation
83
80
32
32

32
32

72

91

22

32
42

42
17

17
91

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Floor

Base Gr

Comb.7
Axial (KN) 4540
Mxx (KNm)
B
0
T
56
Myy(KNm)
B
0
T
32

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Output

Date
Date
Page

5th

6th

7th

3550 3082 2625 2175 1725 1300 860

2
30

40
25

44
28

51
32

54
32

69
58

24
5

44
32

32
32

32
32

32
32

32
42

42
17

17
91

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Reference

Project
D
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Calculation

Output

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Date
Date
Page

of

Column Design:
Column Design at Basement level:
Consider combination 1:
Axial force in column

= 5320KN

Mxx

Bottom
Top

= 0
= 21KNm

Myy

Bottom
Top

= 0
= 61KNm

Calculation of minimum moment

Minimum moment (Mmin)

BS 8110
Cl.3.8.4.3
Eq:38

=
=
=
=

N emin
0.05 Nh
0.05x 5320x0.5
133 KNm

Mxx
<
Mmin
Myy
<
Mmin
Hence column could be designed according to equation 38 of
BS 8110
N
5320x10^3
8174 mm2

= 0.4 fcu . Ac + 0.75 Asc . f y

= (0.4x25x(500x500)) + (0.75xAsc x 460)
= Asc

Like wise when comparing the combination 2,3, 5,6 and 7 minimum
moment is greater than the moment obtained from analysis. Further
axial load of above five combinations are lower than to the axial force
of combination1. Hence critical load combination at basement level is
load combination 1 when comparing the combination 2,3,5,6 &7. But
Combination 4 have to consider because moment from analysis is
greater than minimum moment.
Consider combination 4:

Asc=8175mm2
For Comb.1

Reference

Calculation

Output

Axial force in column

= 2526KN

Mxx

Bottom
Top

= 0
= 82KNm

Myy

Bottom
Top

= 0
= 24KNm

Minimum moment (Mmin)

Project
D
E
C

=
=
=
=

N emin
0.05 Nh
0.05x2526x0.5
63 KNm

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code
DESIGN UNIT

Mxx
>
Mmin
Myy
<
Mmin
Hence column have to be designed as biaxially bending column for
combination 4 at basement level.

BS 8110
Cl.3.8.4.5

To consider worst effect, moment from minimum ecentricity is taken

as Myy.
Mxx
=
82KNm
Myy
=
63KNm
h'
=
500mm
b'
=
500mm
Finding :
N/bhfcu

Table 3.24
Mx/h'

Mx/h'
Hence,

>

Eq:40

= 2526 x103/(500x500x25)
= 0.4
= 0.53
164

My/b' =

126

My/b'
Mx'

= Mx + (h'/b').My
= 82+( 0.53x1x63)
= 115KNm

N/bh

= 2526 x103/(500x500)
= 10

M/bh2

= 115 x106/(500x5002)
=
0.92

Effective depth (d) = 500-50-10-(25/2)

= 427.5mm

(Assuming 50mm cover

for Basement columns)

Date
Date
Page

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Reference

Calculation
d/h

0.855

BS 8110 Part 3 From Design charts :

100Asc/bh
Asc

=
=

fcu

Output
= 25 N/mm2

0.4
1000mm2

Asc=1000mm2
For Comb.4

After comparing combination 1 and 4 , combination 1 could be selected

as the critical combination at basement level. Hence area of R/f for column
"J7" could be 8175 mm2.
16 T25 +4T20
Hence provide 16 T25 and 4 T20 bars.
at Basement
level
Project
D
E
C

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Check for shear:

BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.4.6

M/N

< 0.75h

Hence no check is required for shear.

Check for Deflection:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.5

For unbraced columns:

le/h

= 3050/500
= 6
<30
Hence no check is required for deflection.
Crack control in columns:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.6

0.2fcu. Ac

= 0.2x25x(500x500)
= 1250KN
<5320KN

Hence no check is required for cracking.

Design of links:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.7

Bar diameter > 1/4 x larger compression bar

> 6.25
Select T10 bars.
Link spacing < 12x Diameter of smallest compression bar
< 12 x20
< 240mm
Spacing of links was selected as the 150 mm because of the sesimic
requirements.

Date
Date
Page

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Reference

Check for Maximum r/f area:

BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.7

100Asc/Ag
Asc

Hence O.K.
At laps Asc

Calculation

= 6
= 6x500x500
100
= 15000mm2
= 10x500x500
100

Output

> 8175 mm2

= 25000mm2

Check for Minimum r/f area:

BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.5.3

Project
D
E
C

100Asc/Ac
Asc
Hence O.K.

=
0.4
= 1000 mm2

< 8175 mm2

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Date
Date
Page

DESIGN UNIT

of

Column Design at Ground floor level:

Consider combination 1:
Axial force in column

= 4330KN

Mxx

Bottom
Top

= 76KNm
= 64KNm

Myy

Bottom
Top

= 39KNm
= 39KNm

Calculation of minimum moment

Minimum moment (Mmin)

BS 8110
Cl.3.8.4.3
Eq:38

=
=
=
=

N emin
0.05 Nh
0.05x 4330x0.5
108 KNm

Mxx
<
Mmin
Myy
<
Mmin
Hence column could be designed according to equation 38 of
BS 8110
N
4330x10^3
5300 mm2

= 0.4 fcu . Ac + 0.75 Asc . f y

= (0.4x25x(500x500)) + (0.75xAsc x 460)
= Asc

Like wise when comparing the combination 2,3, 5, and 7 minimum

moment is greater than the moment obtained from analysis. Further
axial load of above four combinations are lower than to the axial force
of combination1. Hence critical load combination at Ground level is
load combination 1 when comparing the combination 2,3,5 &7. But

Asc=5300mm2
For Comb.1

Reference

Calculation
Combination 4 and 6 have to consider because moment from analysis is
greater than minimum moment.

Output

Consider combination 4:
Axial force in column

= 2130KN

Mxx

Bottom
Top

= 93KNm
= 52KNm

Myy

Bottom
Top

= 16KNm
= 16KNm

Minimum moment (Mmin)

Project
D
E
C

=
=
=
=

N emin
0.05 Nh
0.05x2130x0.5
53 KNm

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Mxx (B) >

Mmin
Myy (B) <
Mmin
Hence column have to be designed as biaxially bending column for
combination 4 at ground level.

BS 8110
Cl.3.8.4.5

To consider worst effect, moment from minimum ecentricity is taken

as Myy.
Mxx
=
93KNm
Myy
=
53KNm
h'
=
500mm
b'
=
500mm
Finding :
N/bhfcu

Table 3.24
Mx/h'

Mx/h'
Hence,

>

Eq:40

= 2130 x103/(500x500x25)
= 0.34
= 0.59
186

My/b' =

106

My/b'
Mx'

= Mx + (h'/b').My
= 93+( 0.59x1x53)
= 124KNm

N/bh

= 2130 x103/(500x500)
= 9

M/bh2

= 124 x106/(500x5002)

Date
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Page

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Reference

0.99

Calculation

Output

Effective depth (d) = 500-25-10-(25/2)

(Assuming 25mm cover

for Ground columns)

= 452.5mm
d/h

BS 8110 Part 3 From Design charts :

100Asc/bh
Asc

0.9

=
=

fcu

= 25 N/mm2

0.4
1000mm2

Asc=1000mm2
For Comb.4

Consider combination 6:
Axial force in column
Mxx
Project
D
E
C

= 3575KN

Bottom
Top

= 123KNm
= 76KNm

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Myy

Bottom
Top

Date
Date
Page

= 44KNm
= 32KNm

Minimum moment (Mmin)

=
=
=
=

N emin
0.05 Nh
0.05x3575x0.5
89 KNm

Mxx (B) >

Mmin
Myy (B) <
Mmin
Hence column has to be designed as biaxially bending column for
combination 6 at ground evel.

BS 8110
Cl.3.8.4.5

To consider worst effect, moment from minimum ecentricity is taken

as Myy.
Mxx
=
123KNm
Myy
=
89KNm
h'
=
500mm
b'
=
500mm
Finding :
N/bhfcu

Table 3.24
Mx/h'

Mx/h'
Hence,

>

= 3575 x103/(500x500x25)
= 0.57
= 0.34
246
My/b'

My/b' =

178

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Reference
Eq:40

Mx'

Calculation
= Mx + (h'/b').My
= 123+( 0.57x1x89)
= 174KNm

N/bh

= 3575x103/(500x500)
=
14.3

M/bh2

= 174 x106/(500x5002)
=
1.4

Effective depth (d) = 500-25-10-(25/2)

Output

(Assuming 25mm cover

for Ground columns)

= 452.5mm
d/h

BS 8110 Part 3 From Design charts :

100Asc/bh
Asc
Project
D
E
C

0.9

=
=

fcu

= 25 N/mm2

1.7
4250mm2

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code
DESIGN UNIT

When comparing the combinations 1,4 and 6, combination 4 could be

easily neglected as it's having lower r/f area. But when consider about

combination 1 and 6 r/f arrangement about each axis have to consider,

even required r/f area is greater for comb.1.
Because when columns are designed as biaxilly bending using design
charts of BS8110- part3, r/f for bending should place at the furthest
of each axis. Hence r/f arrangement for each case have to consider.
For Combination1:
( For axial loads only)
Asc=5300mm2
Provide 12 T25 bars

500mm

500mm

For Combination 6:
( For biaxially bending )
Asc=4250mm2
Provide 8 T25 + 2T20 bars furthest to the major axis

Asc=4250mm2
For Comb.6

Date
Date
Page

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Reference

Calculation

Output

500mm

500mm

After arranging r/f , comb.6 is the citical combination for ground floor
level.
Hence provide the 12T25+2T20 for ground floor level
As = 6520 mm2

Project
D
E
C

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code
DESIGN UNIT

Check for shear:

BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.4.6

M/N

< 0.75h

Hence no check is required for shear.

Check for Deflection:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.5

For unbraced columns:

le/h

= 2950/500
=
5.9 <30
Hence no check is required for deflection.
Crack control in columns:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.8.6

0.2fcu. Ac

= 0.2x25x(500x500)
= 1250KN
< 3575KN

Hence no check is required for cracking.

Design of links:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.7

Bar diameter > 1/4 x larger compression bar

> 6.25

12T25 +2T20
at Ground
level

Date
Date
Page

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Reference

Calculation

Select T10 bars.

Output

Link spacing < 12x Diameter of smallest compression bar

< 12 x20
< 240mm
Spacing of links was selected as the 150 mm because of the sesimic
requirements.
Check for Maximum r/f area:
BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.7

100Asc/Ag
Asc

Hence O.K.
At laps Asc

= 6
= 6x500x500
100
= 15000mm2
= 10x500x500
100

> 6520 mm2

= 25000mm2

Check for Minimum r/f area:

BS 8110
Cl. 3.12.5.3

Project
D
E
C

100Asc/Ac
Asc
Hence O.K.

=
0.4
= 1000 mm2

< 6520 mm2

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code

Simillary for each floor level r/f area, was found by considering above
seven load combinations. Summarized details are as follows.

Date
Date
Page

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Reference

Project
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Calculation

Feature
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU ( Job Code
DESIGN UNIT

Output

Date
Date
Page

of

3540
7.08

Reference

Project
D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT

Calculation

Outputs

Feature
Designed

Date

D
E
C

EPC DIVISION
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Checked
Job Code

Date
Page

of